Lesson-10-A-More-perfect-Union-(II)-演示文稿.ppt

Lesson-10-A-More-perfect-Union-(II)-演示文稿.ppt

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Lesson10,“AMorePerfectUnion”（PartII）,Paraphrase1Understandingthisrealityrequiresareminderofhowwearriveatthispoint.（Para.27）:

要认识这一现实，需要回顾一下我们是如何陷入今天之困境的.InthepreviousparagraphObamasaidthatWrightscommentsandthesubsequentfirestormreflectedthecomplexitiesofraceinthiscountry.Inordertounderstandthesecomplexities,weneedtoknowthehistoryanddevelopmentofracialrelations,thesufferingsandinjusticestheblacksweresubjectedto,reminder:

athingtohelponeremembersomethingelsehowwearriveatthispoint:

howtheracialrelationshavedevelopedtothecurrentstage2.Paraphrase2Thepastisntdeadandburied.Ifact,itisntevenpast（Para.27）:

1）Thefirstpastisanounmeaningwhathashappened.Thesecondisanadjective,meaningended,over.iTheinfluenceofwhathappenedinprevioustimeshasnotdisappeared.Suchinfluencescanstillbeseen.,3.recite:

totellindetail,toenumerate4.somanyofthedisparitiesandJimCrow.（Eara.27）:

TheinequalitiesanddifferencesyoufindintheAfrican-Americancommunitiestodaycamedirectlyfromblacksofanoldergenerationwhowerethevictimsofracialdiscrimination1）disparities:

differences;inequalities2）traceto:

togoback（tosomethingpast）3）thebrutallegacy:

transferredepithetalegacycantbebrutal;whatisbrutalisthepracticesofslaveowners,theslaverysystem,JimCrow:

intheU.S.unfairtreatmentofblackpeople,especiallyinthepastbytheuseoflawsthatpreventedthemfromgoingtothesameschoolsandpublicplaceaswhitepeoplepervasive:

tendingtowidelyexistachievementgap:

performancedisparityinstudy,TheJimCrowlawsindetailsTheywereracialsegregationlawsenactedaftertheReconstructionperiodinSouthernUnitedStates,atstateandlocallevels,andwhichcontinuedinforceuntil1965,whichmandatedracialsegregationinallpublicfacilitiesJimCrowlawsmandatedthesegregationofpublicschools,publicplacesandpublictransportation,andthesegregationofrestrooms,restaurantsanddrinkingfountainsforwhitesandblacks.,TheU.S.militarywasalsosegregated,aswerefederalworkplaces,initiatedin1913underPresidentWoodrowWilson,thefirstSouthernpresidentsince1856.Hisadministrationpracticedovertracialdiscriminationinhiring,requiringcandidatestosubmitphotos.State-sponsoredschoolsegregationwasdeclaredunconstitutionalbytheSupremeCourtoftheUnitedStatesin1954inBrownv.BoardofEducation.Generally,theremainingJimCrowlawswereoverruledbytheCivilRightsActof1964andtheVotingRightsActof1965.,5.Segregatedschoolswere,andare,inferiorschools;.betweentodaysblackandwhitestudents.（Para.28）:

Thisisaone-sentenceparagraphdescribingtheexistenceofschoolsegregationfiftyyearsafterWarrensCourtdecisiontomakesegregationunconstitutional,andpointingoutthatinferioreducationinsegregatedschoolsisthecauseofthepoorperformanceofsomeblackstudents.,1）Brownv.BoardofEducationIn1952,theSupremeCourtunderChiefJusticeEarlWarrendecidedtohearaschoolcaseinvolvingasuitbyReverendOliverBrownagainsttheschoolboardinTopeka,Kansas.Becauseofthesegregationsystem,Brownsdaughterwasforcedtotravelmorethantwomilestoschool,eventhoughherhomewasonlyfiveblocksfromanall-whitegradeschool.OnMay17,1954,thecourtreadouttheopinion,Wecomethentothequestionpresented:

doessegregation,.deprivethechildrenoftheminoritygroupofeducationaopportunities?

Webelievethatitdoes,6.Legalizeddecimation.tobequeathtofuturegenerations（Para.29）:

1）legalizeddiscrimination“discriminatorypracticesthatareprotectedbylaw.2）WhatlegalizeddiscriminationdidtheAfricanAmericanssuffer?

Theywerenotallowedtohavehousinginsomewhiteareas;businessloansorFHA（FederalHousingAdministration）insuredloansweredeniedonconsiderationofrace,andunionsandcertainprofessionswerenotopentoblacks.,3）couldnotamassanymeaningfulwealth:

couldnotputasideoraccumulatesignificantamountsofmoneyorproperty（orenoughmoneyorproperty）4）bequeathtofuturegenerations:

topassontochildrenorgrandchildren,Translation1法律上认可的歧视譬如说禁止黑人拥有财产，有时甚至通过暴力手段达到此种目的，或是不给非裔美国人的企业主放贷，不让黑人购房者取得联邦住房管理局的抵押贷款保险，把黑人排除在工会、警察队伍或者消防部门之外这意味着黑人家庭难以积累家产以传给后代。

7.Thathistoryhelpsexplainthewealthandincomegapbetweenblacksandwhites.（Para.29）:

TheexistenceofsomanypoorAfricanAmericansandthelowpaytheygetcomparedwiththewhitesispartlyduetotheexistenceoflegalizeddiscrimination.,8.theconcentratedpocketsofpovertythatmunitiesI（Para.29）:

Thisisalsothereasonyoufindpeopleofextremepovertycrowdedintosmallareasorslums,incitiesandruralareas.1）pocket:

asmallareaofaspecifiedtype2）persist:

tocontinuetoexistorprevail,9.Alackofeconomicopportunity.mayhaveworsened.（Para.30）;Blackmennotbeingabletofindagoodjobandfeelingashamedofnotbeingabletosupportafamil