完整虚拟语气用法表格归纳图.docx
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完整虚拟语气用法表格归纳图
第四章虚拟语气
（一）状语从句中的虚拟语气
虚拟语气在if引导的条件句中的用法三点：
从句（条件）
主句（目的）
表示于现在事实相反的虚拟条件句
If+主语+动词的过去式（be用were）
IfIhadtime,Iwouldattendthemeeting.
主语+would（shouldcouldmight）+动词原型
表示与过去事实相反的拟条件句
If+主语+had+动词的过去分词
Ifhehadhurried,hecouldhavecaughtthetrain.
主语+would（shouldcouldmight）+have+动词的过去分词
表示与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句
1、If+主语+动词过去式
2、If+主语+wereto+动词原形
3、If+主语+should+动词原形
IfIweretogoabroad,IwouldgotoAmerica.
主语+would（couldshouldmight）+动词原型
错综时间条件句——主从句时间不一致的情况下的虚拟语气
有时条件从句中的动作与主句中的动作，发生的时间不一致，这是动作的形式应根据它所表示的时间加以调整。
Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,youwouldbebetternow.
Ifyouhadstudiedhardbefore,youwouldbeacollegestudentnow.
含蓄条件句
有时虚拟条件句并没用if从句表示出来，而是用介词短语（otherwise，or，without，butfor）上下文或其他方式来表示。
Shewouldhavediedwithoutmyhelp.。
条件从句中省略if采用倒装语序的情况
在if引导的表示虚拟的条件状语从句中，有时可以把虚拟条件中的连词if省去，而将had，should，were等助动词提到主语之前。
例：
原句：
1:
Ifshewereyounger,she,woulddoit.
去if：
Weresheyounger,shewoulddoit.
2:
Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.
去if:
Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim
3:
Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.
去if:
Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.
虚拟语气在asif/asthough引导的方式状语从句中
1.表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有怀疑，谓语动词用过去式。
Hetreatstheboyasifhewerehisownson.
2.表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用过去完成时。
Hespokeasifhehadknownaboutit.
3．表示与将来事实相反，（表示将来的可能性不大）,用would（might,could）+动词原形
Heactsasifhecouldwininthegame.
注意：
1.在asif/asthough句中，如果有可能成为事实，用陈述语气。
例：
Helooksasifhegoingtobeill.
2.asthough或asif引导的状语从句，从句主语和主句主语相同时，从句中可省略主语和部分谓语。
虚拟语气用在lest，forfearthat，sothat及inorderthat引导的目的状语从句中表示“以防，以免”等意思
谓语动词多用should/could/might+动词原型构成
Forfearthatitmayraintomorrow,weshouldbringanumbrella.
“Incase”引导的从句中即可用陈述句，也可以用虚拟语气
（should）+动词原型
例：
1.Thegamewillbeputoffincaseit（should）snow.
2.Thegamewillbeputoffincaseitsnows.
（二）名词性从句中的虚拟语气
一：
宾语从句中的虚拟语气
1.在动词wish/hope后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气,表示一种不可能实现的愿望。
对现在情况的虚拟：
从句谓语动词用过去式或过去进行式。
Iwish（that）Iwereabird.
对过去情况的虚拟：
从句谓语动词用过去完成时，或would，could，might+现在完成时。
Iwish（that）Ihadseenthefilmlastnight.
对将来情况的虚拟：
从句谓语“would/should/could/might+动词原形”。
Iwish（that）Iwould\couldgo.
在表示建议，命令，要求，忠告，等动词的后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气
均以“should+动词原型”表示这种语气，“should”常被省略。
Wesuggestedthatthemeeting（should）beputoff.
Theyinsistedthattheboy（should）gowiththem.
常用的此类动词有：
表示“提议，劝告，建议”的：
propose,suggest,recommend,advise.
表示“要求”的：
ask,desire,request,demand,require,beg
表示“同意，坚持”的：
insist
表示“决定，命令”的：
decide,order
注意：
suggest,insist不表示建议或坚持要某人做某事时，即它们用于其本意暗示，表明，坚持认为时，宾语从句用陈述语气。
Thesmileonhisfacesuggested（暗示）thathewassatisfiedwithourwork.
Themaninsisted【坚持认为】thathehadneverstolenthemoney.
Wouldrather，hadrather，后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气
谓语动词用过去式表示与现在或将来相反
Iwouldratheryoutoldmethetruth.
用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反。
表示“宁愿做什么”或“对过去做的事的懊悔”。
IwouldratheryouhadgonetherelastSunday.
注意：
1.若某人愿自己做某事，wouldrather后用动词原型
2.wouldrather…..than……中用动词原型
Iwouldratherdoitbymyself.
I would rather watchTVathome than gotothecinema.
主语从句中的虚拟语气
“Itis（was）+形容词（或过去分词）+that….”结构中的虚拟语气
表达形式为should+动词原形或省略should
It’squitenecessarythatweshouldhaveawalknow.
常用的形容词：
natural，appropriate，advisable，necessary，important，urgent，probable，possible，desirable，strange。
注意：
在上述所列形容词后面用that引出的宾语从句中，谓语动词也要用虚拟语气。
例：
Idon’tthinkitadvisablethattombeassignedtothejobsincehehasnoexperience.（汤姆缺乏经验，指派他做这项工作我认为是不恰当的）.
在“Itis（was）+名词+that…..”结构句中的虚拟语气
表示建议，命令，请求，道歉，怀疑，惊奇等。
It’sapitythatyou（should）missagoodchance.
这类名词有：
advice，decision，desire，demand，idea，order，pity，proposal，recommendation，suggestion，surprise，wish，wonder等。
二．表语从句或同位语从句中的虚拟语气
某些表示建议，请求，命令等主观意向的名词做主语时，其后的表语从句或同位语从句需用虚拟语气
表达形式为should+动词原型或直接用动词原型。
Myideaisthatwe（should）thinkitoverbeforeacceptingit.
Weallagreetothatsuggestionthatthemeeting（should）beputoff.
在Itisdemanded/suggested/ordered/required….
that-clause句型中从句用（should）+动词原型
Itisdemandedthatweshouldworkoutaplan.
这类名词常见的有：
demand，desire，requirement，advice，recommendation，suggestion，order，necessity，proposal，plan，idea。
在Itis（about/high）time+that定语从句中的虚拟语气
表示“该做……..的时候了”
其动词形式用一般过去时或should+动词原型
Itishightimethatyouwent/shouldgotoschool.
注意：
在thisisthefirsttime/secondtimethat….句型中，从句中谓语动词用陈述语气完成时态。
Thisisthesecondtimethatwehaveachievedsuchagreatsuccess.
二．选择题
1.Ifonlyhe____quietlyasthedoctorinstructed,hewouldnotsuffersomuchnow.
A.liesB.layC.hadlainD.shouldlie
2.HowIwisheveryfamily____alargehousewithabeautifulgarden.
A.hasB.hadC.willhaveD.hadhad
3.Youdidnotletmedrive.Ifwe____inturn,you____sotired
A.drove;didn’tgetB.drove;wouldn’tgetC.weredriving;wouldn’tget
D.haddriven;wouldn’thavegot
4._____itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheYangpuBridge
A.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.Will
5.Isuggestedtheperson_____tobeputintoprison
A.refersB.referringC.referredD.refer
6.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit____
A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken
7.Iinsisted_____toseeadoctor,butheinsistednothing___wrongwithhim
A.onhimtogo;shouldbeB.hewent;beC.hego;wasD.heshouldto;is
8.---Yourauntinvitesyoutothemoviestoday
---Ihadrathershe____metomorrowthantoday
A.tellsB.toldC.wouldtellD.hadtold
9.---Wouldyouhavecalledheruphaditbeenpossible
---Yes,butI____busydoingmyhomework
A.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.wouldbe
10.Iwasillthatday,otherwiseI____thesportsmeet
A.wouldhavetakenpartinB.tookpartinC.hadtakenpartinD.wouldtakepartin
11.___theclouds,youwouldfindtheairplaneintheskyeasily
A.HaditnotbeenforB.IfitwerenotC.IfithadnotbeenforD.Wereitnotfor
12.Ifmylawyer____herelastSunday,he____mefromgoing
A.hadbeen,wouldhavepreventedB.hadbeen,wouldprevent
C.were,preventD.were,wouldhaveprevented
13.____hard,hewouldhavepassedtheexam
A.IfheweretoworkB.HadheworkedC.ShouldheworkD.Werehetowork
14.____today,hewouldgettherebyFriday
A.WerehetoleaveB.IfhehadleftC.DidhetoleaveD.Hadheleft
15.Hadyoulistenedtothedoctor,you____allrightnow
A.areB.wereC.wouldbeD.wouldhavebeen
16.Ididnotseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe____,shewouldhavemetmybrother
A.hascomeB.didcomeC.comeD.hadcome
17.He____busyyesterday,orhe___youwithyourexperiment.
A.was,hadhelpedB.was,wouldhavehelpedC.hadbeen,wouldhavehelpedD.were,wouldhavehelped
18.Ifit____forthesnow,we____themountainyesterday
A.werenot,couldhaveclimbB.werenot,couldclimbC.hadnotbeen,couldhaveclimbedD.hadn’tbeen,couldclimb
19.Withoutelectricity,humanlife____quitedifficulttoday
A.isB.willbeC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbe
20.---Iamgoingtotellherthenews
---Iwouldassoonyou_____heraboutit
A.didn’ttellB.don’ttellC.hadn’ttellD.won’ttell
21.Mike’sfather,aswellashismother,insistedhe____home
A.stayedB.couldstayC.hasstayedD.stay
22.Itwasrequestedthattheplay____again
A.shouldputonB.wouldputonC.beputonD.puton
23.Sheinsistedthatadoctor_____immediately
A.hadsentforB.sendC.besentforD.wassent
24.---Didyouscoldhimforhiscarelessness
----Yes,but____it
A.I’drathernotdoB.I’drathernothavedoneC.Ishould’tdoD.I’dbetternotdo
25.IfonlyI___mycar
A.hadn’tlostB.wouldn’tloseC.didn’tloseD.haven’tlost
26.Butforwater,it____impossibletoliveintheearth
A.isB.wouldC.wereD.wouldn’tbe
27.Iwouldratheryou____anythingaboutitforthetimebeing
A.doB.didn’tdoC.don’tD.didn’t
28.Thekind-heartedcoupletreattheorphanverywellasthoughhe____theirownson
A.isB.wereC.hadbeenD.shouldbe
29.Howtheoldpeoplewishthatthey____youngoncemore
A.wereB.couldbecomeC.hadbeenD.shouldbe
30.Itishightimethatwe____ameetingtodiscussthisproblem
A.holdB.heldC.haveheldD.hadheld
31.Thethiefclosedhiseyes____he____dying
A.evenif,wasB.though,wouldbeC.even,hadbeenD.asif,were
32.Iwishthatyou____suchabadheadachebecauseIamsurethatyouwouldhaveenjoyedtheconcert
A.hadnotB.didnothavehadC.hadn’thadD.hadn’thave
33.Thechairmaninsistedthatwe____thequestionagain
A.willdiscussB.todiscussC.shoulddiscussD.willbediscussed
34.Herequestedthatthestudents____themgetincrops
A.helpB.tohelpC.helpedD.helping
35.Theguardatthegateinsistedthateverybody_____therules
A.obeysB.ObeyC.willobeyD.wouldobey
36.IwishI____herethen
A.wasB.hadbeenC.wereD.wouldbe
37.Itisstrangethathe____backsoearly
A.cameB.willcomeC.hadcomeD.shouldhavecome
38.MothersuggestedthatI___myhomeworkfirstbeforewatchingTV
A.didB.doC.shalldoD.havedone
39.Mysuggestionisthatthemeeting____offtillnestSunday
A.beputB.putC.shouldputD.hadbeenput
40.HeistalkingsomuchaboutAmericaasifhe____there
A.hadbeenB.hasbeenC.wasD.been
41.Theteacherdemandedthattheexam_____beforeeleven
A.mustfinishB.wouldbefinishedC.befinishedD.mustbefinished
42.---Sorry,Joe.Ididnotmeanto……
----Don’tcallme“Joe”,IamMr.Parkertoyou,and____youforgetit!
A.doB.didn’tC.didD.don’t
43.IdidnotattendthelecturebyPro.Jackson.I____butI____allthismorning
A.would,havewashedB.could,havebeenwashingC.wouldhave,havebeenwashingD.couldhave,hadwashing
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