Trueorfalse判断题.docx

Trueorfalse判断题.docx

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Trueorfalse判断题

1．Trueorfalse判断题:

1Linguisticscanbedefinedasthescientificstudyofaparticularlanguage.（）

2Languageisarbitrarybynaturebutitisnotcompletelyarbitrary.（）

3Itisgenerallybelievedthatmodernlinguisticsismostlydescriptive,diachronic,andemphaticonwriting.（）

4Animalsarebornwiththecapacitytoproducethesetofcallspeculiartotheirspecies,whilehumanbeingsdonnothavethisgeneticbasis.（）

5Animalscannottalkaboutthethingsexceptthoseaboutfood,danger,enemy,etc.becausethecommunicativesignalsofanimalsdonnothavethepropertyofdisplacement.（）

6Wecanusetheword“word”totalkaboutaword,wecantalkabout“talk”,wecanthinkabout“thinking”,thisshowsthatlanguagehasametalingualfunction.（）

7WhensomeonebreaksabowloraplateonaspecialoccasioninChinathepeoplepresentarelikelytosay“suisuiping’an”（everyyearbesafeandhappy）asameansofcontrollingthemagicforceswhichthebelieversfeelitmightaffecttheirlives.Thisshowsthatlanguagehasaninterpersonalfunction.（）

8Languageistheinstrumentofthought,recordoffacts,andpeopleoftenfeelneedtospeaktheirthoughtsaloud.Thisindicatesthatlanguagehasanexpressivefunction.（）

9Ababy’sbabbling,widespreaduseofverbaldueling,poetrywritingaswellasself-singingallshowthatlanguagecanbeusedtoamusethespeakers.（）

10Thedichotomy“etic”and“emic”isbynatureinacontrastofbeingconcreteandabstract,andcanbegeneralizedintoawideruseoflinguisticresearchinacomplementarywayintermsofmethodology.（）

1.F2.T3.F4.F5.T6.T7.F8.F9.T10.T

1.Phoneticsstudiesthephonicmediumofaparticularlanguage.（）

2.Phonologyaimstodiscoverhowspeechsoundsofallhumanlanguagesformpatternsandhowthesesoundsareusedtoconveymeaninginlinguisticcommunication.（）

3.InEnglish,pillandbillformaminimalpair,andsodolifeandknife,pinandping.（）

4.TheEnglishliquidsare[w]and[j],whiletheEnglishglidesare[l]and[r].（）

5.TheEnglishvowel[u:

]canbedescribeascentral,close,rounded,andlong,and[u]central,close,rounded,andshort.（）

6.Thephoneme/t/and/d/canoccurinthesamepositionandtheydistinguishmeaning,thereforetheyaresaidtobeincomplementarydistribution.（）

7.ThedistinctivefeaturesinEnglishcanapplytotheotherlanguages,too.Forinstance,voicingdistinguishesmeaninginbothEnglishandChinese.（）

8.InEnglish,nasalizationofasoundisnotaphonologicalfeature,forinstance,[kAn]and[kAn],thatistosay,itcannottellonewordfromanother.（）

9.InChinese,theassimilationrulealsoworksasinthewords“奔”and“宾”.（）

10.InastandardizedEnglishsyllable,theonset,thenucleusandthecoda,allthethreepartsarecompulsory.（）

1.F2.F3.T4.F5.F6.F7.F8.T9.T10.F

1.Amorphememustconveyalexicalmeaning.（）

2.Allwordscanbesaidtocontainarootmorpheme.（）

3.Freemorphemescanbefurtherclassifiedintoinflectionalandderivationalmorphemes.（）

4.Morphologicalrulesconsistofword-formationrulesandadjustmentrules.（）

5.Allwordshavemorphsbutnotnecessarilyallomorphs.（）

6.Theword“modernizations”ismadeupofthreemorphemes.（）

7.Derivationalmorphemesneverchangetheclassofthewordstowhichtheyareattached.（）

8.Inflectionsmanifestvariousgrammaticalrelationsandlexicalrelations,suchasnumber,tense,aspect,personandcase,etc.

9.Themorphologicalrulescanbegeneralizedinspiteofsomeexceptions.（）

10.Itishardtobelievethatthereisaninterfacebetweenphonologyandmorphology.（）

1.F2.T3.F4.T5.T6.F7.F8.F9.T10.F

1.Thepartofasentencewhichcomprisesaninfiniteverboraninfiniteverbphraseisgrammaticallycalledaclause.（）

2.Grammaticalsentencesareformedbyfollowingasetofunlimitedsyntacticrules.（）

3.Thesyntacticrulesofalanguagearefiniteinnumber,yetthereisnolimittothenumberofsentenceswhichcanbeproduced.（）

4.Constituentswhichcanbesubstitutedforoneanotherwithlossofgrammaticalitybelongtothesamesyntacticcategory.（）

5.Languageisbothlinearlyandhierarchicallystructuredaccordingtothestructuralistlanguageview.（）

6.Phrasestructurerulesprovideexplanationsonhowsyntacticcategoriesareformedandsentencesgenerated.（）

7.Wh-movementisalwaysobligatoryinlanguagewhenitisintendedtochangefromanaffirmativetoaninterrogative.（）

8.X-bartheoryisatypicalinstanceofprincipleintermsofChomsky’sUG.

9.UGisasystemoflinguisticknowledgeandahumanspecies-specificgiftwhichexistsinthemindofanormalhumanbeing.（）

10.InformationtheoryalsoplaysaroleintheSystemic-FunctionalGrammar（）

1.F2.F3.T4.F5.T6.T7.F8.T9.T10.T

1.Intheclassicsemantictriangle,thesymbolisdirectlyrelatedtothereferent.（）

2.Stylisticsynonymsdifferinstylebecausetheycomefromdifferentregions.（）

3.Homographsarewordswhicharepronouncedalike.（）

4.Thesuperordinatetermismoreinclusiveinmeaningthanitshyponyms.（）

5.Inapairofcomplementaryantonyms,thereexistsomeintermediateformsbetweenthetwoextremes.（）

6.Antonymscontrasteachotheronlyonasingledimension,suchas“hot”vs.“cold”.（）

7.Allthegrammaticallywell-formedsentencesarenotnecessarilysemanticallywell-formed.（）

8.Oneadvantageofcomponentialanalysisisthatbyspecifyingthesemanticfeaturesofwords,itwillbepossibletoshowhowthesewordsarerelatedinmeaning.（）

9.Apredicateissomethingsaidaboutanargument.（）

10.Thepursuitofbothpropositionlogicandpredicatelogicistruthvalue.（）

1.F2.F3.F4.T5.F6.F7.T8.T9.T10.T

二。

填空

1.Languageisasystemof__________symbolsusedforhumancommunication.

2.Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthe_____studyof_____.

3.Ifalinguisticstudydescribesandanalyzesthelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,itissaidtobe_____;ifitaimstolaydownrulesfor“correct”behavior,itissaidtobe_____.

4.Inmodernlinguistics,_____studyseemstoenjoypriorityover_____study.Thereasonisthatsuccessfulstudiesofvariousstatesofalanguagewouldbethefoundationsofahistoricalstudy.

5.Languereferstothe_____linguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity;andparolereferstothe_____oflangueinactualuse.

6.Chomskydefinescompetenceastheidealuser’s_____oftherulesofhislanguage,andperformance,theactual_____ofthisknowledgeinlinguisticcommunication.

7.“Arosebyanyothernamewouldsmellassweet”.ThisfamousquotationfromShakespeareillustratesthatlanguagehasthedesignfeatureof_____.

8.Thepropertyof_____oflanguageprovidesaspeakerwithanopportunitytotalkaboutawiderangeofthings,freefrombarrierscausedbyseparationintimeandplace.

9.Languageisasystem,whichconsistsoftwosetsofstructures,oneof_____,andtheotherof_____.Thisdoublearticulationoflanguageenablesitsuserstotalkaboutanythingwithintheirknowledge.

10．AnEnglishspeakerandaChinesespeakerarebothabletouselanguage,buttheyarenotmutuallyintelligible,whichshowsthatlanguageisculturally_____.

1.arbitrary,vocal2.scientific,language3.descriptive,prescriptive

4.synchronic,diachronic5.abstract,realization6.knowledge,realization

7.arbitrariness8.displacement9.sounds,words10.transmitted

１．Thestudyofsoundsisdividedintothreemainbranches:

_________________and________phonetics,eachdealingwithonepartoftheprocessofspeechproductionandperception.

2.Thearticulatoryapparatusofahumanbeingareembeddedinthreeimportantcavities.Thesethreecavitiesare_______________and__________.cavity

3.Thedifferencebetweenaconsonantandavowelliesinwhetherthereisair_______intheproductionofthem.

4.Vibrationofthevocalcordsresultsinaqualityofspeechsoundscalled______,whichisafeatureofallvowelsandsomeconsonants.Whenthevocalcordsdocausevibration,thesoundsproducedare_______;otherwisetheyarenamed_______sounds

5.Twowaystotranscribespeechsoundsareavailable,broadtranscriptionandnarrowtranscription.Themajordifferencebetweenthemiswithorwithout_______.

6.Whentheobstructionispartialandtheairisforcedthroughanarrowpassageinthemouthsoastocausedefinitelocalfrictionatthepoint,thespeechsoundthusproducedisa________.

7.Thebasicunitofphonologyisaphoneme.Itisanabstractcollectionof_____________.

8.Whenphonemiccontrastismentionedwerealizethatthetwosoundsbelongto_____phoneme（s）,whencomplementarydistributionisdiscussed,theallophonescomefrom______phoneme（s）;andfinallywhenfreevariationistalkedabout,weunderstandthatthesoundsarederivedfrom______phoneme（s）.

9.InEnglish,complementarydistributionofallophonesisrequiredtomeettwoconditions,oneconditionisthattheyneveroccurinthe_____________;theotheristhattheyshouldshare_____________.

10.InEnglish,thestudyofphonologyhassofarmainlyfoundthreephonologicalrules.Theyare_____________and______rule.

1.articulatory,auditory,acoustic2.pharyngeal,oral,nasal3.obstruction

4.voicing,voiced,voiceless5.diacritics6.fricative7.distinctive,features8.two,one,one

9.sameposition,phonetic,similarity10.sequential,assimilation,deletion

1.Morphologyisabranchofgrammarwhichstudiesthe___________ofwordsandthe____bywhichwordsareformed.

2.Morphologycanbesubdividedintotwobranches:

______morphologyand_______or______morphology.

3.Thephonologicalandorthographicalrealizationsofamorphemearetermed______.

4.[-t]