语法名词性从句.docx
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语法名词性从句
名词性从句
Ⅰ基础建构
一、名词性从句的概念
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(NounClauses)。
名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
1.Owingtothenaturalenvironment,manypeoplefeelthatNewZealandisperfectforoutdooractivities.(宾语从句)
2.Theideathatredrepresentsbraveryandbloodiswidelybelieved.(同位语从句)
3.Allthescientistsaresurprisedatwhatthechemisthasfound.(宾语从句)
4.Whatwearecertainaboutisthatwecantakecontroloftheviruseventually.(主语从句,表语从句)
5.Itiswell-knownthatthewholecountrydidallthethingstohelpYushuinQinghai
Province.(主语从句)
二、名词性从句知识结构图
名词性从句
Ⅱ练习感知
请用适当的关联词填空。
1.Howtobridgethegenerationgapis_________wewilltalkaboutnext.
2.Thevolunteersasked________theycouldhelpthepeopleintheearth-strickenareas.
3.________reallymattersisthatweshouldvaluewhatwehavegot.
4.________isnecessarythatthegovernmenttaketimelymeasurestoprotecttheriversfrombeingpolluted.
5.________allsuccessfulpeoplehaveincommonis_________theyhaveperseverance.
6.Thesuggestion_________computersshouldbewidelyusedinschoolsisreasonable.
7.______someyoungpeoplearewanderinginthesocietyalldayhasbecomeaserioussocialproblem.
8.Everyconsumershouldknow_______toprotecthisownlegalrights.
9.Theidea_______apersonwantstosucceedwithoutmakinganyeffortisridiculous.
10.______closeparentsaretotheirchildrenhasagreateffectonthecharacterofthechildren.
11.______wantstoseethefilmmustbuyaticketfirst.Otherwise,youwouldn’tgetintothecinema.
12.Atthemeetingpeopleputforwardthesuggestion____variousmeasuresshouldbetakentokeepschoolssafe.
13.Thereissomedoubt______thepossibilitycanberuledout.
14.Atfirsthehatedthenewjobbutdecidedtogivehimselfafewmonthstosee_____itgotany
better.
15.Thefacthasworriedmanyscientiststheearthisbecomingwarmerandwarmerthese
years
16.Thepaintingissovaluablethatitisdifficulttocalculateitspricewouldbe.
17.Themediatodaycandrawpublicattentiontohelpisactuallyneeded.
18.SorryI’msolate,butyoucannotimaginegreattroubleItooktofindyourhouse.
19.Heisafraidofmakingmistakes.That’s________hedarenothaveatry.
参考答案:
1.what2.how3.What4.It5.What6.that7.that8.how9.that10.How11.Whoever12.that13.whether14.if15.that16.what17.whose18.what19.why
Ⅲ要点全解
一.引导名词性从句的关联词
连
词
that(无意义)
可引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句
Ithinkthatplayingtoomanycomputergamesisbadforus.
Thefactisthathehastakenapart-timejob.
if/whether(是否)
引导主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句和同位语从句。
在从句中不做成份。
Idon’tknowwhetherhewillcomeornot.
Iwonderif/whetherhehasgonetoAmerica.
Itdependsonwhetherthemanagerwillagreetotheplan.
asif/asthough(好像)
只引导表语从句,在从句中不做成份。
Itsoundsasif/thoughyouhadagoodtime.
连接代词
who,whoever谁,无论谁
引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句。
在从句中作主语,宾语,表语。
Idon’tknowwhothee-dictionarybelongsto.
Pleasegivethisbooktowhoeverneedsit.
whom,whomever谁(宾格),无论谁
引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句。
在从句中作宾语
HeaskedmewithwhomIhaddiscussedit.
Hewasfreetomarrywhomeverhechose.
whose,谁的
引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句在从句中作定语。
Hedoesn’tknowwhosekeyitis.
what,whatever什么,无论什么
引导主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句和同位语从句。
在从句中作主语,宾语,表语,定语。
Nobodyknowswhatwillhappennext.
Takewhateveractionisneeded.
I’lldowhateverIcantohelphim.
which,whichever哪个,无论哪个
引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句,在从句中作主语,宾语,定语。
Whichteamwillwinthegameisnotknownyet.
Choosewhicheverbrandyouprefer.
连接副词
when何时
引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句,同位语从句,在从句中作时间状语
WhenheleavesforBeijingisn’tdecided.
ThelasttimewehadgreatfunwaswhenwewerevisitingtheWaterPark.
where在)哪里
引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句,同位语从句,在从句中作地点状语。
TomorrowisTom’sbirthday.Haveyougotanyideawherethepartyistobeheld.
Wherewecanlookuphisaddressisstillaproblem.
how多么,如何
引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句,同位语从句,在从句中作方式状语
Howtheywillsolvetheseriousproblemhasnotbeendecided.
Theoldladydidn’tknowhowshecouldgettothestation.
why为什么
引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句在从句中作原因状语
Whyheoftencomeshereisknowntousall.
Wedon’tknowwhyhedidit.
because因为
引导表语从句
Hedidn’tattendthemeeting.That’sbecausehewasonbusiness.
二.名词性从句的分类
1.主语从句
作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。
主语从句通常由从属连词that,whether,if和连接代词what,who,which,whichever,whatever,whoever以及连接副词how,when,where,why等词引导。
that在句中无词义,只起连接作用;连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用,在从句中充当从句的成分。
例如:
Whentheywillarriveisnotknownyet.
Whethershewillgoornotisstillaquestion.
Whoeverdoesn’treachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.
Whowilldoitmakesnodifferences.
为了使句子保持前后平衡,常把主语从句移至句子后部,而用it作形式主语,但what,whatever,whoever引导的主语从句除外。
常见的使用it作形式主语的句型有:
(1)It+be+形容词+从句
能用于这种句型中的常见形容词有:
strange,natural,obvious,true,possible,clear,likely,impossible,surprising,uncertain,necessary等。
Itisnotclearifthepeoplewillriskbeingattackedbysharks.
Itisnecessarythateachofusshoulddoourbesttoprotecttheenvironment.
(2)It+be+名词词组+从句
常用于这种句型的名词词组有:
apity,ashame,afact,anhonour,goodnews等。
Itisapitythatyoucan’tstayherelonger.
ItisagreathonourthatIhavebeeninvitedheretoday.
(3)It+be+过去分词+从句
常用于这种句型的过去分词有:
said,reported,hoped,believed,expected,decided,thought,known,well-known,announced等。
ItisreportedthatthekingwillpayavisittoJapannextmonthforthefirsttime.
Itisn’tdecidedwhetherwewillgoshoppingnextSunday.
Itisrequiredintheregulationsthatyoushouldnottellotherpeoplethepasswordofyouremailaccount.
(4)It+seems/happens/turnsout/occurs/remainstobeseen+从句
Itseemsthattheyknowwhattheyaredoing.
Itremainstobeseenwhethertheycanmakegreatprogressinthisproject.
Ithappenedthatshewasoutwhenwecalled.
Itdidn’toccurtohimthathecouldgetthefirstprizeintheEnglishspeechcontest.
(5)Itdoesn’tmatter+how/whether从句
Itdoesn’tmatterwhethershewillcomeornot.
2、宾语从句
宾语从句在句中作及物动词或介词的宾语。
引导宾语从句的词有连词that,whether,if;代
词who,whose,what,whatever,which,whichever,whom,whomever以及副词when,where,
how,why等。
Aman’sworthliesnotsomuchinwhathehasasinwhatheis.
Acomputercanonlydowhatyouhaveinstructedittodo.
Wehaven’tdecidedwhowillbesenttoTibet.
Amodernschoolhasbeensetupinwhatwasawastelandtenyearsago.
Theboybelievesthathewilltravelthroughspacetootherplanets.
Couldyoutellmewhenthetrainwillleave?
(1)that引导宾语从句一般情况下that可以省略。
但在以下情况中that不能省略
当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时,第一个that可省,但后面的that不可省。
例如:
Hesaid(that)youweretooyoungtounderstandthematterandthathewasaskednottotellyou.
当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时,that一般不可省。
例如:
JustthenInoticed,forthefirsttime,thatourmasterwaswearinghisfinegreencoatandhisblacksilkcap.
当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时,that不可省。
例如:
Ican’ttellhimthathismotherhasleftforShanghai.
(2)许多带复合宾语的句子,that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部,而用it作形式宾语。
一般情况下,当主语的谓语动词是think,believe,feel,make,consider,find,see,hear等,则把宾语从句放在宾语补足语之后,即:
find/believe+it+adj./n.+宾语从句。
例如:
Ifinditnecessarythatweshoulddothehomeworkontime.
Ithinkitnecessarythatwepractisespoken-Englisheveryday.
Wefinditdifficultthatweshouldfinishtheworkontime.
Shethinksitwrongthathedidn'tanswerthephone.
由动词和介词构成的短语动词后接that宾语从句时,要用it形式宾语。
例如:
Wearethinkingofitthatwe'llputthisideaintopractice.
Ishallseetoitthatheistakengoodcareofwhenyouareabsent.你不在的时候我负责把他照顾好。
用于“动词+宾语+介词短语”的句型中。
例如:
Keepitinmindthatpracticemakesperfect.
Wecan’ttakeitforgrantedthatourparentsshouldtakecareofus.
在like,dislike,enjoy,love,hate,appreciate等表“喜怒哀乐”的动词,后若要跟宾语从句,需跟形式宾语it。
Ihateitwhenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.
Ilikeitthateveryonepassedtheexam.
Iappreciateitifyoucanhelpmewithmymath.
(3)由whether,if引导的宾语从句
一般说来,在宾语从句中whether与if可以互换使用,例如:
Iwonderwhether(if)theywillcometoourparty.
但在下面特殊情况下if与whether是不能互换的。
只能用whether,不能用if引导宾语从句的情况。
在带to的不定式前
Wehaven’tdecidedwhethertowalkthere.
在介词的后面
I’mthinkingofwhetherweshouldgotowatchthefootballgame.
在动词discuss后面的宾语从句时
Wediscussedwhetherwehadasportsmeetingnextweek.
直接与ornot连用时
Wedidn’tknowwhetherornottheywereready.
宾语从句前置时
Whethertheywilltakepartintheparty,wearenotsure.
(4)宾语从句的时态
主句是一般现在时,从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。
Wehopeeverythinggoeswell.
Shesays(that)shehasneverbeentoMountEmei.
主句是过去时态,从句须用过去时态的某种形式。
Shewassorrythatshehadn’tfinishedherworkontime.
Hesaid(that)theywerehavingameetingatthattime.
Theteachersaidthatweweregoingtohaveasportsmeetingnextmonth.
当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时,即使主句是过去时,从句也用一般现在时态。
Theteachertoldhisclassthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.
Myfathertoldme(that)nothingisdifficultifIputmyheartintoit.
3.表语从句
表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语+连系动词+表语从句”。
可以接表语从句的连系动词有be,look,remain,seem等。
另外,常用的还有thereasonisthat…和Itisbecause等结构。
例如:
Thequestioniswhetherwecanmakegoodpreparationsinsuchashorttime.问题是我们在这么短的时间里能否做好准备。
Myideaisthatweshouldstartmakingpreparationsrightnow.我的意见是我们马上就开始做准备工作。
Theproblemiswhowecangettoreplaceher.问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。
WhatIwanttoknowiswhichroadweshouldtake.我想知道的是我们应走哪条路。
That’swhereIfirstmether.那就是我第一次遇见她的地方。
that,why与because引导表语从句时的区别
虽然三者均可引导表语从句,但that没有词义,而why和because有自己的意思;另外,虽然 why和because都可引导表语从句,但前者强调结果,后者强调原因。
如:
Thereasonwasthatyoudon’ttrusther.原因是你不信任她。
Thefactremainsthatwewearestilltwoteachersshort.实际情况是我们还缺少两名英语老师。
Ihadtocatchthefirstbus.That’swhyIleftsoearlythatmorning.我要赶第一班车。
这就是我那天早上早早离开的原因。
Ileftsoearlythatmoring.That’