诗歌鉴赏.docx

诗歌鉴赏.docx

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诗歌鉴赏

Poems:

HamletP8

1.Whyissleepsofrightening,accordingtoHamlet,sinceitcan“end”theheartacheandthethousandnaturalshocks”?

Nobodycanpredictwhathewilldreamofafterhefallsasleep.Deathmeanstheendoflife,youmaygotoorunknownworldandyoucan’tcomeback,.Ifhedies,Hamlet'scan'trealizehiswill.Though“sleep”canendtheheartacheandthethousandnaturalshocks,itisastateofmind.Hamletdidn’tknowatall.Heisfrightenedbythepossiblesufferinginthelong“dream”.Hecan’tpredictwhatwillhappeninthesleep,maybegoodmaybeevil.

2.Whywouldpeopleratherbearallthesufferingsoftheworldinsteadofchoosingdeathtogetridofthem,accordingtoHamlet?

Deathissomysteriousthatnobodyknowswhatdeathwillbringtous.Maybebittersufferings,greatpains,heartbreakingstories…Becausepeopleholdthesameidea "togruntandsweatunderawearylife,butthatthedreadofsomethingafterdeath-theundiscover’dcountry,formwhosebournnotravelerreturns-puzzlethewill,andmakeusratherbearthoseillswehavethanflytoothersthatweknownotof?

”Peoplealsoarefrightenedbythemythsinanotherworldafterdeath.

3.What,afterall,makespeoplelosetheirdeterminationtotakeaction?

Pleaseexplaininrelationtotheso-calledhesitationofHamlet.

Conscienceandover-considerations.Hewantstorevenge,butdoesn’tknowhow.Hewantstokillhisuncle,butfindsittoorisky.Helivesindespairandwantstocommitsuicide.However,heknowsifhedies,nobodywillcomforthisfather’sghost.Heisinfaceofgreatdilemma.Theydon’tknowtheresultaftertheirtakingtheaction.SuchasHamlet,hedoesn’tknowwhatwouldhappenifhekillshisuncleorkillshimself.SoHamletwashesitated.

Shakespeare----Hamlet

哈姆雷特是莎士比亚精心塑造的人文主义者的形象，他对人自身、对人类的明天满怀热爱和信心,有着无比的智慧,人文主义教育使他胸怀远大抱负但突破其来的巨变，使他遭受了那样多的不快，他无忧无虑、明朗爽快的性格发生了变化。

他渴望用进步的人文主义思想改造社会，却又觉重任难当，难以施为。

踌躇难决之下，他苦思焦虑，性格一变而为忧虑沉闷，更因复仇的证据不足，一时也找不复仇的时机，无法贸然行动，这使得他优柔寡断，但他采取的一系列措施无不表现了他的机智勇敢、镇定缜密以及超人的智慧。

Shakespeare'sHamletisthebestshapeintheimageofhumanism,fullofloveandconfidenceinthefutureofmankind.Heusedtohaveimmensewisdomandhumanisteducationinmindformshisambitious.Butafterhesufferedovernighttremendouschanges,hisopenandforthrightcharacterchanged.Hewaslookingforwardtousingtheideaofhumanismtochangethesocialprogress,buthefelthecouldn’tdeserveit.Monologueofastrongsenseofguiltreflectshispainandcontradictorystateofmind.Alsosomeofhisstepstakentoassassinatehisuncleshowhisingenuity,courageous,calmcarefulandsuperhumanknowledge.

1.Themes:

Madness

Madness–bothrealandfeigned–isattheheartoftheplay.Hamlet's"anticdisposition"hasfamouslysparkedascholarlydebate:

DoesHamlettrulygo"mad"orisitallanact?

Animpossiblemystery,it'soneofmanyunansweredquestionsraisedbytheplay.Nevertheless,thecomplexityandsheerambiguityofHamlet'smentalstateanderraticbehavioriscompellingandseemstospeaktotheplay'soverallatmosphereofuncertaintyanddoubt.Ophelia'scleardescentintomadness（andsubsequentdrowning）issomewhatofadifferentissue.CriticstendtoagreethatOpheliaseeminglycracksunderthestrainofHamlet'sabuseandtheweightofpatriarchalforces,whichhasimportantimplicationsfortheplay'sportrayalof"Gender"and"Sex."

Revenge

Hamletgearsuptobeatraditionalbloodyrevengeplay–andthenitstops.ThebulkoftheplaydealsnotwithHamlet'sultimatelysuccessfulvengeanceonhisfather'smurderer,butwithHamlet'sinnerstruggletotakeaction.Theplayconcludeswithabloodbaththat'stypicalofrevengetragedy,butHamlet'sinfamousdelaysetsitapartfromanythingthat'scomebeforeit.Hamletisalsonotableforthewayitweavestogetherthreerevengeplots,allofwhichinvolvesonsseekingvengeancefortheirfathers'murders.Ultimately,theplaycallsintoquestionthevalidityandusefulnessofrevenge.

Mortality

Hamlet'smusingsonsuicide,especiallythe"tobeornottobe"speech,arelegendaryandcontinuetodirectdiscussionsofthevalueoflifeandthemysteryofdeath.ButHamlethimselfnevercommitssuicide.ItisOphelia,whonevermentionsthepossibilityoftakingherownlife,whodrowns,seeminglyasaresultofsomecombinationofmadnessanddespair.DeaththreadsitswaythroughtheentiretyofHamlet,fromtheopeningscene'sconfrontationwithadeadman'sghosttothebloodbathofthefinalscene,whichleavesalmosteverymaincharacterdead.Hamletconstantlycontemplatesdeathfrommanyangles.Heisbothseducedandrepelledbytheideaofsuicide,but,inthefamousgravediggerscene,heisalsofascinatedbythephysicalrealityofdeath.Inaway,HamletcanbeviewedasextendeddialoguebetweenHamletanddeath.

Religion

Hamletisnotnecessarilyaplayabout"religion"butitdoesregistermanyofreligiousideologiesandspiritualanxietiesofthe16thcentury.Herewe'retalkingabouttheeffectsoftheProtestantReformation,andChristianideasabout"Mortality"andtheafterlife,allofwhichhavemajorimplicationsfortheplay'sportrayaloftheghost.HamletisalsointerestingforthewayitweavestogetherChristianattitudestowardmurder,suicide,andrevenge,whichdon'tnecessarilysquarewiththebasictenetswetypicallyfindinthe"Genre"ofRevengeTragedy.

LiesandDeceit

Hamlet,morethanalmostanycharacterinliterature,hatesdeceptionandcraveshonesty.ItisoneofthebrilliantironiesoftheplaythatHamlet,anabsolutistinhisquestfortruth,istrappedinaseamypoliticalworldwheredeceptionisanecessarypartoflifeandpolitical"spin"rulestheday.Thiscontrast,fascinatingtotheaudience,isatormenttoHamlet.DeceptionisnecessaryforandusedbyeverycharacterinHamlet,foreverypurposerangingfromlovetoparentingtoregicide.

ArtandCulture

LiterarycriticsconsiderHamlettobeoneofShakespeare'smost"self-reflexive"plays,whichistosaythatHamletself-consciouslyreferstotheworkingsofthetheaterandalsodrawstheaudien...

Sonnet18P13

1.Howdoesthepoetanswerthequestionheputsforthinthefirstline?

（Page14）

Thepoetopenswithaquestionthatisaddressedtothebeloved,"ShallIcomparetheetoasummer'sday?

"Thisquestioniscomparing“thee”tothesummertimeoftheyear.Itisduringthistimewhentheflowersareblooming,treesarefullofleaves,theweatheriswarm,anditisgenerallyconsideredasanenjoyabletimeduringtheyear.Thefollowingelevenlinesinthepoemarealsodedicatedtosimilarcomparisonsbetweenthebelovedandsummerdays.Inlines2and3,thespeakerexplainswhatmainlyseparatestheyoungwomanfromthesummer'sday:

sheis"morelovelyandmoretemperate."（Line2）Summerdaysaresometimesshakenby"roughwinds"（line3）whichhappensandisnotalwaysaswelcomingasthewoman.Howeverinline4,thepoetgivesthefeelingagainthatthesummermonthsareoftentooshortbysaying,"Andsummerleasehathtooshortadate."Inthesummerdays,thesun,"theeyeofheaven"（line5）,oftenshines"toohot,"ortoodim,"hisgoldcomplexiondimmed"（line6）as"everyfairfromfairsometimedeclines."（Line7）Thefinalportionofthesonnettellshowthebeloveddiffersfromthesummerinvariousaspects.Herbeautywillbeonethatlastsforever,"Thyeternalsummershallnotfade."（Line9）,andneverendordie.

Atlasttwolines,thepoetexplainshowthebeloved'sbeautywillaccomplishthiseverlastinglifeunlikesummerdays.Anditisbecauseherbeautyiskeptaliveinthispoem,whichwilllastforever.Itwilllive"aslongasmencanbreatheoreyescansee."（Line13）thepoemisoutwardlyasimplestatementofpraiseaboutthebeautyofthebelovedwomanandperhapssummertothespeakerissometimestoounpleasantwiththeextremesofwindinessandheatthatgoalongwithit.However,thebelovedinthepoemisalwaysmildandtemperatebyhernatureandnothingatalllikethesummer.

Atlast,thepoetstartstopraisethatthebelovedissogreatandawingthatsheistoliveforeverinthissonnet.Thebelovedissogreatthatthespeakerwillevengoasfarastosaythat,"Solongasmenbreathe,oreyescansee,solonglivesthisandthisgiveslifetothee.”（line13、14）thatthebelovedisdeservingtoliveonforever.

2.Whatmakesthepoetthinkthat“thou”canbemorebeautifulthansummerandimmortal?

Attheverybeginning,thepoetputsforthaquestion:

“ShallIcomparetheetoasummer’sday?

”Thenhegivesananswer:

“Thouartmorelovelyandmoretemperate.”Ontheonehand,“RoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMay,andsummer’sleasehathalltooshortadate;”ontheotherhand,“Sometimetoohottheheavenshines,andoftenishisgoldcomplexiondimmed.”Sofromtheabovetwoaspectsthepoetthinksthat“thou”canbemorebeautifulthansummer.Inaddition,“Andeveryfairfromfairsometimedeclines,bychance,ornature’schangingcourseuntrimmed.”Comparedwithimmortal,“Butthyeternalsummershallnotfade,norlosepossessionofthatfairthouow’st,norshalldeathbragthouwand’restinhisshade,whenineternallinestotimesthougrow’st.”Therefore,thepoetdrawsaconclusion:

“Solongasmencanbreatheoreyescansee,solonglivesthis,andthisgiveslifetothee.”Inthispoem,thepoetmakes“thou”morebeautifulthansummerandimmortalbecauseofhisbeautifullines.Sointhiscase,“thou”inthepoemcanberegardedasfemalebecauselovecanbeautyeternal.Or“thou”canbereferredtomale,forfriendshipcanmakebeautyeverlasting.Even“thou”canbeabstract“love”or“beauty”whichwillbecomeeternalinthewonderfulpoem.

Change,Fate,andEternity

Howeve