翻译文献.docx

翻译文献.docx

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翻译文献

文献翻译

（2011届本科）

学院：

食品学院

专业：

热能与动力工程

班级：

热能与动力工程（3）班

姓名：

刘云龙

学号：

0732310

指导教师：

万金庆

coldstorageindustrystatus

1foreigncoldstorageindustrystatus

ForeigncountriesbytherapiddevelopmentofcoldstorageindustryaremainlytoJapan,America,Finland,Canadaandothercountries.JapanisAsia'slargestfrozenfoodproducers-20℃belowinthelowtemperaturelibraryintherefrigerator80%above.Before70'swidelyusedinammoniarefrigeratoryabroadforrefrigerantscentralizedrefrigerationsystem,inthelate1970sgraduallyadoptofrefrigerantR22fordistributedrefrigerationsystem[1].TheUnitedStatesandCanadaisoccupied80%intherefrigeratorforrefrigerantsusedR717[2].Inthe1980s,distributedrefrigerationsysteminforeigndevelopmentsoon,coolingequipmentbycoolingfanisgraduallyreplacingtherowtube,storagefruitofthecoldnearly1/3forgas-conditioningstorage,intherefrigeratorconstructionofcivilrefrigeratorpositiveprefabricateassembly,highautomationdegree.Comparethemanufactureroffamousfabricatedrefrigerator,suchasFinlandFraserlefrozengroup（HUURRE）,itslibraryboardHE-3bysightinsulationpolyurethaneboardandtwolayersofgalvanizedsteellayers,deftandeasydisassembly,goodair-tightness,constructionisshort,highspaceutilization.

Inrecentyears,foreignnewlargefruitandvegetablestoragecoldstorageismorefruit,suchastheuseofAmericanelectronicgasadjustmentstorageapplehaveaccountedfor80percentofallrefrigeration;FranceandItalyalsovigorouslydevelopingthetechnology,thegasadjustmentstorageapplesarereachingrefrigeratedapple50%ofthetotal~70%above;Britishgas-conditioningstoragecapacityof22milliont.Japan,Italyandotherdevelopedcountrieshavealreadyhas10seatsworld-class

1.2Currentdomesticrefrigeratorindustry

Chinabegantobuildthefirstsince1955,1968refrigeratedstoragemeatfirststoragefruitcoldstorage,builtin1978builtthefirstgas-conditioningstorage.By1995kaifengairgroupCo.,LTD.Firstintroducedadvancedtechnology,andcombinedgas-conditioningstorageinshandonglongkou15000tbuiltsuccessfulgasadjustmentcoldstorage,creatingalargedomesticassemblytypegasadjustmentcoldstoragesuccessprecedent,usersalsohaveachievedgoodeconomicbenefits.In1997andbuiltainshaanxixian10000tgasadjustmentcoldstorage,gastightnessperformanceachievedtheinternationaladvancedlevel.

Thecompanyalreadydistributiongasadjustmentcoldstorageinshandong,henan,Beijing,hunan,xinjiang,shanxi,tianjin,sichuan,provinces,citiesandautonomousregions,andobtaincustomer'sgoodreputation.Guangdong,Beijingandothercitiessuccessivelyintroducedabout40precastpackagedtypecoldstorage,withatotalcapacityofabout7.5milliont.Inrecentyears,Chinaisdevelopingveryrapidly,andrefrigeratorconstructionmainlydistributedinthevariousfruits,vegetablesandgrainmediumcitiessuburbofvegetablebase.Accordingtothestatistics,theexistingrefrigeratedabilityhasreachedmorethan500milliont,includingforeigninvestment,sino-foreignjointventuresandprivatecoldstorageaccountedforabout50milliont,state-ownedrefrigerator450milliont,pointsbelongtodomestictrade,agriculture,tradeandlightindustrysystem,includingdomestictradesystemcoldstoragecapacityof300milliont,accountingfor60%ofthenationaltotal.Ourcommercialsystemwithfruitandvegetablestoreroomareaamountedtomorethan200millionm2,thestoragecapacityof130milliont,includingmechanicalcoldstorage70milliont,commonrepositoryformorethan60milliont.

FruitvegetablesgenerallyUSESthelowesttemperature℃hightemperaturefor-2library,aquaticproducts,meatfreshatemperatureof18℃belowinthelowtemperaturelibrary[3],butinChinatherefrigeratormostheatstoragerepositories.Largerefrigeratorforgeneraluseofammoniarefrigerationsystemofrefrigerantcentralized,coolingequipmentmoreforrowtube,systemcomplex,difficultautomation.SmallrefrigeratorgenerallyUSESthedistributedforrefrigerantsinrefrigerationsystemorcentralized[4].Intheconstruction,incivilrefrigeratorslantisgenerallylowautomaticcontrollevel.Fabricatedcoldstorageinrecentyearssomedevelopment.

Professionalproductionofrefrigerationequipmentandconstructionrefrigeratormanufacturersmany,likekaifengrefrigerationengineeringcompanyasairgroupdomesticfirstassemblytyperefrigeratorproductionfactory,hasformedfromafewcubicmetersofreservesmallindoorlibrarytotensofthousandsofcubicmetersoflargeoutdoorlibrary;Fromahightemperature,lowtemperaturelibraryandfreezelibrarytointegratedlibrary;Fromtheassemblytyperefrigeratortocivilstructureinternalpostedboardhybridcoldstorage;Fromcommoncoldstoragetransitiontothemanyvarietiesandspecificationsofthegasadjustmentcoldstorageseriesproducts.Besidesrefrigerationequipmentfactory,tianjinsenROMtechnologydevelopmentlimitedliabilitycompany,therefrigerationequipmentintherefrigeratorindustriesaccountsforabiggerchunkoftianjinsenROMtechnologydevelopmentlimitedliabilitycompanywithdouble-facecaigangpolystyreneinsulationboardbuiltindomesticrefrigerator,pre-castdevelopedrapidly.Nationalagriculturalpreservationengineeringtechnologyresearchcenter（tianjin）researchanddevelopmentofminiatureenergy-savingrefrigeratedalreadyspreadalloverChineserural.AccordingtostatisticsourproductionenterprisehasproductionandconstructionKuYao800bigsmallandmedium-sizedassembly,indoorfabricatedrefrigeratorabout2.5millionsets（seat）,suzhoucityonly2004freshnewrefrigerator,accountingfor38seats40%ofjiangsuprovince.

2atpresentthemainexistingproblems

2.1refrigeratorlowutilizationratio

2.1.1Thetraditionalspaceutilizationrefrigeratordesignandgeneralhigh5morso,butintheactualoperationapplications,especiallywithoutthecoldstorageutilizationeveryframelayerbelow50%,theheightoftheDuiMalikeitemsto3.2m,onceforcartonpackingforthefood,becausethestressdeformation,moistureabsorptionreasonssuchaspackagingappeareasilyrupture,collapsedetc.Phenomenon[6],leadingtolowerfoodquality,thuscausingrelativelyheavyeconomiclosses.

2.1.2anniversaryinlanzhoucity,forexample:

theutilizationrateofrefrigeratormosteachyearinOctober5~duringstoragepomelo,broccoli,cauliflower,cabbage,broccoli,freshvegetablessuchaslily,andthentakingtherefrigerator,simpletrucksetcwayshippedtoguangzhou,Shanghai,andhangzhousalesmanagement,southerncityrefrigeratoridleperioduptosixmonths.Lowtemperaturecoldstoragestoragelanzhoumeatcompanysaystestshaverefutedmeatproducts,frozenfood,icecream,colddrink,utilizationrateisrelativetaller.ButotherofthecoldonlyaverysmallrefrigeratorintheOctobertonextAprilstoragefruit,therestofthetimebasicclosed

2.2partendlessrefrigeratordesignstandard,therearemanypotentialsafetyproblems

Manydomesticrefrigeratorbelongtounlicenseddesign,installation,thelackofuniformstandard,lackofspecialequipmentsafetytechnologyarchivesphenomenonisrelativelycommon.Operatorswithoutcardwithoutprofessionaltraining,managementpersonnelworksafetyconsciousness.Partofmorethan500m3inammoniavolumeofrefrigerantfoodcoldstoragefor,thelibraryconstructionsiteselection,foundationtreatment,refrigerationequipmentsuchastheinstallationofseriousnotconformingtotherefrigeratordesignrules"（GB50072-2001）requirement,therearemanypotentialsafetyproblems.Manycalledgas-conditioningstoragebutcouldnotreachrefrigeratorygasadjustmentpurpose,partofacryogeniclibrarybuiltaccordingtodisableorfaceonlyhightemperaturelibrarydowngradedsituation.

2.3refrigerationsystemmaintenancemeasuresineffectively,facilitiesagingserious

Thechillerisgenerallythenormalmaintenancecyclerunning8000~10000hnamelyshouldundertakelargemaintenance;Run3000~4000hongoingmaintenance;1000hsmalloperationmaintenance[5].Forrefrigerationsystemtimelyrepair,maintenance,couldhelpeliminatehiddendangersofaccidents.Becausedomesticmostcoldstorageespeciallybeforethe1990shavebuiltfacilitiesobsolete,thecoldstorage,thepipelinecorrosionseriously,wallfallsoff,foundationsubsidence,pressurecontainersnotregularinspection.Commonphenomenon,taintedoperationdriveoffisveryserious.

2.4refrigeratorenergysavingmeasuresdidnotcauseenoughattention

Coldstoragebelongtolargeenergy.Figuresshowthat:

evaporatoroilfilmincreasewithin0.1,canmaketheevaporationtemperaturedrop℃,up11%2.5powerconsumption.Ifoilfilmexistenceofcondenser,evaporator,scaleappearancefrost,etc.Willleadtoevaporationtemperaturedrop,powerconsumptionincrease.Inaddition,lowtemperaturelibraryfrozenorfrozendeviceafterlessthan8restockingcompressionratio,shouldfirstbyasinglelevelrefrigerationcompressionpressuredropdown,whenevaporation,afterthecompressionratiogreaterthan8switchcompressingrefrigerationagainway[5],andmanylowtemperaturecoldstorageabootwillenabledoublestagecompressors,makerefrigeratorenergyconsumptionincrease.

2.5automationcontroldegreeslump

Foreignofrefrigeratedwidelyusedrefrigerationequipmentautomaticcontroltechnology,mostcoldstorageonly1~3operationpersonnel,manyrefrigeratoraccomplishingnightnobodyon-duty[2].Andourcountrycoldstoragerefrigerationequipmentisusedmostlymanu