翻译文献.docx

1、翻译文献文献翻译（ 2011 届本科） 学 院：食品学院 专 业：热能与动力工程 班 级：热能与动力工程（3）班 姓 名：刘云龙 学 号：0732310 指导教师：万金庆cold storage industry status1 foreign cold storage industry status Foreign countries by the rapid development of cold storage industry are mainly to Japan, America, Finland, Canada and other countries. Japan is Asia

2、s largest frozen food producers - 20 below in the low temperature library in the refrigerator 80% above. Before 70s widely used in ammonia refrigeratory abroad for refrigerants centralized refrigeration system, in the late 1970s gradually adopt of refrigerant R22 for distributed refrigeration system

3、 1. The United States and Canada is occupied 80% in the refrigerator for refrigerants used R717 2. In the 1980s, distributed refrigeration system in foreign development soon, cooling equipment by cooling fan is gradually replacing the row tube, storage fruit of the cold nearly 1/3 for gas-conditioni

4、ng storage, in the refrigerator construction of civil refrigerator positive prefabricate assembly, high automation degree. Compare the manufacturer of famous fabricated refrigerator, such as Finland Fraser le frozen group (HUURRE), its library board HE - 3 by sight insulation polyurethane board and

5、two layers of galvanized steel layers, deft and easy disassembly, good air-tightness, construction is short, high space utilization. In recent years, foreign new large fruit and vegetable storage cold storage is more fruit, such as the use of American electronic gas adjustment storage apple have acc

6、ounted for 80 percent of all refrigeration; France and Italy also vigorously developing the technology, the gas adjustment storage apples are reaching refrigerated apple 50% of the total 70% above; British gas-conditioning storage capacity of 22 million t. Japan, Italy and other developed countries

7、have already has 10 seats world-class1.2 Current domestic refrigerator industry China began to build the first since 1955, 1968 refrigerated storage meat first storage fruit cold storage, built in 1978 built the first gas-conditioning storage. By 1995 kaifeng air group Co., LTD. First introduced adv

8、anced technology, and combined gas-conditioning storage in shandong longkou 15 000 t built successful gas adjustment cold storage, creating a large domestic assembly type gas adjustment cold storage success precedent, users also have achieved good economic benefits. In 1997 and built a in shaanxi xi

9、an 10 000 t gas adjustment cold storage, gas tightness performance achieved the international advanced level. The company already distribution gas adjustment cold storage in shandong, henan, Beijing, hunan, xinjiang, shanxi, tianjin, sichuan, provinces, cities and autonomous regions, and obtain cust

10、omers good reputation. Guangdong, Beijing and other cities successively introduced about 40 precast packaged type cold storage, with a total capacity of about 7.5 million t. In recent years, China is developing very rapidly, and refrigerator construction mainly distributed in the various fruits, veg

11、etables and grain medium cities suburb of vegetable base. According to the statistics, the existing refrigerated ability has reached more than 500 million t, including foreign investment, sino-foreign joint ventures and private cold storage accounted for about 50 million t, state-owned refrigerator

12、450 million t, points belong to domestic trade, agriculture, trade and light industry system, including domestic trade system cold storage capacity of 300 million t, accounting for 60% of the national total. Our commercial system with fruit and vegetable storeroom area amounted to more than 200 mill

13、ion m2, the storage capacity of 130 million t, including mechanical cold storage 70 million t, common repository for more than 60 million t.Fruit vegetables generally USES the lowest temperature high temperature for - 2 library, aquatic products, meat fresh a temperature of 18 below in the low tempe

14、rature library 3, but in China the refrigerator most heat storage repositories. Large refrigerator for general use of ammonia refrigeration system of refrigerant centralized, cooling equipment more for row tube, system complex, difficult automation. Small refrigerator generally USES the distributed

15、for refrigerants in refrigeration system or centralized 4. In the construction, in civil refrigerator slant is generally low automatic control level. Fabricated cold storage in recent years some development. Professional production of refrigeration equipment and construction refrigerator manufacture

16、rs many, like kaifeng refrigeration engineering company as air group domestic first assembly type refrigerator production factory, has formed from a few cubic meters of reserve small indoor library to tens of thousands of cubic meters of large outdoor library; From a high temperature, low temperatur

17、e library and freeze library to integrated library; From the assembly type refrigerator to civil structure internal posted board hybrid cold storage; From common cold storage transition to the many varieties and specifications of the gas adjustment cold storage series products. Besides refrigeration

18、 equipment factory, tianjin sen ROM technology development limited liability company, the refrigeration equipment in the refrigerator industries accounts for a bigger chunk of tianjin sen ROM technology development limited liability company with double-face caigang polystyrene insulation board built

19、 in domestic refrigerator, pre-cast developed rapidly. National agricultural preservation engineering technology research center (tianjin) research and development of miniature energy-saving refrigerated already spread all over Chinese rural. According to statistics our production enterprise has pro

20、duction and construction KuYao 800 big small and medium-sized assembly, indoor fabricated refrigerator about 2.5 million sets (seat), suzhou city only 2004 fresh new refrigerator, accounting for 38 seats 40% of jiangsu province. 2 at present the main existing problems 2.1 refrigerator low utilizatio

21、n ratio 2.1.1 The traditional space utilization refrigerator design and general high 5 m or so, but in the actual operation applications, especially without the cold storage utilization every frame layer below 50%, the height of the DuiMa like items to 3.2 m, once for carton packing for the food, be

22、cause the stress deformation, moisture absorption reasons such as packaging appear easily rupture, collapsed etc. Phenomenon 6, leading to lower food quality, thus causing relatively heavy economic losses.2.1.2 anniversary in lanzhou city, for example: the utilization rate of refrigerator most each

23、year in October 5 during storage pomelo, broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage, broccoli, fresh vegetables such as lily, and then taking the refrigerator, simple trucks etc way shipped to guangzhou, Shanghai, and hangzhou sales management, southern city refrigerator idle period up to six months. Low temper

24、ature cold storage storage lanzhou meat company says tests have refuted meat products, frozen food, ice cream, cold drink, utilization rate is relative taller. But other of the cold only a very small refrigerator in the October to next April storage fruit, the rest of the time basic closed2.2 part e

25、ndless refrigerator design standard, there are many potential safety problems Many domestic refrigerator belong to unlicensed design, installation, the lack of uniform standard, lack of special equipment safety technology archives phenomenon is relatively common. Operators without card without profe

26、ssional training, management personnel work safety consciousness. Part of more than 500 m3 in ammonia volume of refrigerant food cold storage for, the library construction site selection, foundation treatment, refrigeration equipment such as the installation of serious not conforming to the refriger

27、ator design rules (GB50072-2001) requirement, there are many potential safety problems. Many called gas-conditioning storage but could not reach refrigeratory gas adjustment purpose, part of a cryogenic library built according to disable or face only high temperature library downgraded situation. 2.

28、3 refrigeration system maintenance measures ineffectively, facilities aging serious The chiller is generally the normal maintenance cycle running 8 000 10 000 h namely should undertake large maintenance; Run 3 000 4 000 h ongoing maintenance; 1 000 h small operation maintenance 5. For refrigeration

29、system timely repair, maintenance, could help eliminate hidden dangers of accidents. Because domestic most cold storage especially before the 1990s have built facilities obsolete, the cold storage, the pipeline corrosion seriously, wall falls off, foundation subsidence, pressure containers not regul

30、ar inspection. Common phenomenon, tainted operation drive off is very serious. 2.4 refrigerator energy saving measures did not cause enough attention Cold storage belong to large energy. Figures show that: evaporator oil film increase within 0.1, can make the evaporation temperature drop , up 11% 2.

31、5 power consumption. If oil film existence of condenser, evaporator, scale appearance frost, etc. Will lead to evaporation temperature drop, power consumption increase. In addition, low temperature library frozen or frozen device after less than 8 restocking compression ratio, should first by a sing

32、le level refrigeration compression pressure drop down, when evaporation, after the compression ratio greater than 8 switch compressing refrigeration again way 5, and many low temperature cold storage a boot will enable doublestage compressors, make refrigerator energy consumption increase. 2.5 automation control degree slumpForeign of refrigerated widely used refrigeration equipment automatic control technology, most cold storage only 1 3 operation personnel, many refrigerator accomplishing night nobody on-duty 2. And our country cold storage refrigeration equipment is used mostly manu