上海市第四中学学年高一下学期周考英语试题.docx

上海市第四中学学年高一下学期周考英语试题.docx

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上海市第四中学学年高一下学期周考英语试题

市四高一五月周考

Ⅱ.GrammarandVocabulary

SectionA

Directions:

Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassageandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword.fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.

Springisfinallyhere.Haveyounoticedthatyouandthosearoundyouarenowin（25）_______bettermoodthanafewmonthsago?

Infact,springeuphoria（极度愉快地心情）isnotanillusion---it（26）_______bescientificallyexplained.Thenwhatisit（27）_______makesusfeelmoreenergetic?

Oneofthemostimportantfactorsthat（28）_______（work）isthecombinationofincreasedlightandwarmth.Humanbeingsareprogrammedtofeelsleepywhenit’sdarkoutside.Thatmeanswehavetoworkharder（29）_______（stay）alertduringthelongperiodsofdarknessinwinter.Thearrivalofspringbringsmoredaylight,（30）_______wecanenjoytheenergythatisnolongerneededtofightoffdrowsiness.

Atthesametime,ourhormonalbalanceisalsochangedwhenspringiscoming.Theincreasedlightandridingtemperaturebri

ngsaboutthereleaseofserotonin（血清素）,abrainchemicalthataffectshowapersonfeels,andendorphin,ahormonethatreducesthefeelingofpain.Asaresult,ourmoodsget（31）_______（improve）inspring,althoughthecolddoesnotnecessarilycontributetoworsemoods.

Withthedevelopmentofair-conditioningandheating,ourwelfareisnolongerweather-dependent,butpeoplearestillsensitive（32）_______weather.Inwarmerweather,wefeellike（33）_______（go）wherearecangetacoolbeeroranicecream.It’sapositivesign（34）_______thebodyreactspositivelytoabeautifulday.Wealsotendtosocializemore.Studieshaveshownthatpositivesocialcontactiscloselylinkedtosenseofhappiness.

Hello,springeuphoria!

Let’senjoytheperiodwhenwefeelquitepositive!

SectionB

Directions:

Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

A.mysteryB.lowerC.developedD.freezingE.exactly

F.transplantG.finallyH.understandingI.formedJ.similar

K.survive

It’stimetowelcomethewarmspring!

Youmustbehappytotakeoffyourheavysweaterandtoseethatwinteris___35___gone.Butdidyouknowthatthereareafewanimalswhodon’tfearthecoldandevenenjoy___36___weather?

TheArcticground

squirrel,theonlyknownwarm-bloodedmammalthatcanlivewithabodytemperatureunder0℃,interestsseveralscientists,whobelievethatthesecrettothisabilitycouldbeimportant.

TheproblemoflivinginArcticwintersisthatthewaterinanimals’bodiesfreezestobecomeice,breakinguptheircellsandcausingdeath.

Inordertoliveintheirextremeenvironment,polaranimalshave___37___differentabilitiestofightagainstthedamagefromiceformingintheirbodies.Forexample,beforethelongsleepofhibernationwoodfrogslivinginAlaskacanproduce“cryoprotectants”,which___38___thefreezingpointofwaterinsidetheirbodies.Inaddition,theAntarcticmidgecanlostupto70percentofthewaterinitsbodybeforehibernation,andcan___39__temperaturesaslowas-20℃.

However,aswarm-bloodedmammals,Arcticgroundsquirrelscan’tdotheabovetrick.Instead,beforehibernationthesquirrelsmanagetogetridofwould-beice-nucleators,whichare___40___toicecrystals,intheirbodies.Althoughhowtheyexactlydothisremainsa___41___,BrainBarnes,oftheUniversityofAlaskaFairban

ksintheUS,saysthatthesquirrelsmaydothisbymakingmaskingagents.Theseagentsstopice-nucleatorstopreventicefrombeing___42___.Thismeansthattheycanentera“supercooledstate”

Scientistsbelieve___43___howArcticgroundsquirrelsdealwiththefreezingconditionscouldonedayhelphumans.Forexample,atthemoment,organsfor___44__arechilledbutnotfrozen.Thismeans

theoperationhastobedonewithinjustafewhours,andmanylife-savingorganscannotreachtheirpatientsintime.

Ⅲ.ReadingComprehension

SectionA

directions:

ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Filltheeachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.

Allovertheworld,peopleadmirethebeautyandgraceofbutterflies.Butterfliescomeineverycolorimaginable,andtheir___45___displayanincrediblevarietyofpatterns.Thelargestbutterfly,QueenAlexandra’sBirdwing,hasawingspan（翼展）ofupto280millimetersandlivesinPapuaNewGuinea.thesmallest,theWesternPygmyBlueinthesouthernU.S.,hasawingspanofonly12millimeters.Sadly,someofthesebeautifulcreaturesarenow___46__.

Estimatesindicatethatbetween15and20thousandspeciesofbutterfliesexistaroundtheworld.Anumberofthesespeciesareendangered,over20inJapan___47___.Althoughthatnumbermayseemsmall,losingevenonespecieswouldbe___48__.Nowadaysscientistsevenlooktobutterfliesasa___49___oftheenvironment’shealth,sincetheyare___50___toenvironmentalchanges.Manyenvironmentalistsaroundtheworldareeagertoprotecttheendangeredbutterfliesfromextinction.TheAmericanMuseumofNaturalHistoryinNewYork,forexample,hasanunusualbutterflyexhibit.Thisexhibit___51___theimportantrolethatbutterflies

playinourenvironment.

inrecentyears,envi

ronmentalgroupshavemadesignificantprogressin___52___endangeredbutterflypopulations.GovernmentsthroughoutAsiahavepassedlawstohelpprotectendangeredwildlife,includingbutterflies.AnareacalledButterflyValleyinAssam,India,hasbecomethefocusofconscious___53___toprotectthebutterflies’habitat（栖息地）.OtherprojectsinSerbia,Japan,andCanadaarealsohopingto___54___.Someoftheseeffortsarealreadystartingtowork.ThepopulationoftheE1SegundoBlueButterflyinCalifornia,forinstance,hasincreasedby8percentsince2010.

Findingacureforthebutterflycrisisis,___55___,notjustforenvironmentalgroups.___56___citizenscanplantbutterflygardenstosupportandenjoythesegentlecreatures.AgroupoffemaleprisonersinBelfair,Washington,arehelpingtorescueanendangeredspeciescalledTaylor’sCheckerspot.Theyrecognizehow___57___seeminglyinsignificantcreaturescanbe.Theworldcannotaffordtoloseanybutterflies.AsenvironmentalistJohnMuironce___58___,“Whenwetrytopickoutanythingbyitself,wefindit___59___toeverythingelseintheUniverse.”

45.A.colorsB.bodiesC.wingsD.feelers

46.A.outofcontrolB.ingreatdangerC.ontheflyD.outofdate

47.A.nearbyB.thoughC.besidesD.alone

48.A.predictableB.possibleC.imaginableD.terrible

49.A.

factorB.pictureC.measureD.display

50.A.exposedB.accustomedC.sensitiveD.resistant

51.A.highlightsB.changesC.replacesD.finds

52.A.preservingB.controllingC.observingD.recognizing

53.A.projectsB.effortsC.stepsD.groups

54.A.setanexampleB.keepthepromise

C.makeadifferenceD.takethetime

55.A.howeverB.furthermoreC.otherwiseD.therefore

56.A.distinguishedB.LeadingC.SeniorD.Ordinary

57.A.gracefulB.significantC.pitifulD.mysterious

58.A.proposedB.commentedC.promisedD.recommended

59.A.restrictedB.adaptedC.contributedD.tied

SectionB

Directions:

Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.

A

Mostchildren,eventheyoungestchildren,aredelightedtobearoundcatsanddogs.Butthesepetscarryplentyofgermsandallergens（过敏原）,researcherstoask:

Arecatsanddogsreallysafeforchildren?

Astudyfindsthat,contrarytomanyparents’fears,owningcatsordogsdoesnotincreaseachild’sriskofdevelopingallergies,andinfact,mayactuallyprotectthem.Thestudy’sleadingauthor,Dr-DennisOwnbyoftheMedicalCollegeofGeorgia,saidthatevenhewas“verysurprised”bytheresults.Heandhiscolleaguesfollowedmorethan470childrenfrombirthtoage6or7,comparingthoseexposedtocatsanddogsduringtheirfirstyearoflifetothosewhowerenot.

Byusingskinprick（皮肤针刺）testsfordetectingcommonallergies,theresearchesfoundthat,contrarytowhatmanydoctorshadbeentaughtforyears,childrenwhohadlivedwithapetwerenotatgreaterrisk.

Evenmoreremarkable,childrenwhohadtwoormoredogsorcatshadevengreatreductionupto77%,inriskofallergies.Researcherssuggestthisprotectiveeffectmaybetheresultofearlyexposuretolotsofbacteriathatarecarriedbydogsandcats.exposingyoungchildrentothesebacteriahelps“exercise”theirimmunesystemsearlyinlifesothatthey’rebetterabletoresistallergicdiseaseslater.

Andwhileresearchersarenotencouragingparentstobuydogsorcatsjusttoreduceachild’sallergyrisk,theysayifa

familyalreadyhasoneormoreanimals,there’snoneedtogetridofthem.

60.Whydotheresearchersfeel“verysurprised”bytheresultsofthestudy?

A.Becauseparentsaresomuchworriedabouttheirchildren.

B.Becausesomanychildrenareplayingwithcatsanddogs.

C.Becausetheresultsarecontrarytotheirexpectation.

D.Becausechildrenwithanimalsmaydevelopallergieseasily.

61.Comparedwithchildrenwhohavepets,thosewhohaven’t_______.

A.willlosethechancetodevelopimmunesystem

B.maysufferallergicdiseasesmoreoften

C.willreducetheharmfrombacteria

D.cankeepdoctorsaway

62.Itcanbeinferredfromthepa