高考英语 阅读理解 综合题及答案.docx

高考英语 阅读理解 综合题及答案.docx

《高考英语 阅读理解 综合题及答案.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高考英语 阅读理解 综合题及答案.docx（41页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

高考英语阅读理解综合题及答案

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

   Itseemsthatelectronicdevicesjustkeepgettingsmaller.ScientistsintheUnitedStateshaveannouncedthecreationofthefirsttransistorwithonlytwodimensions（二维）.

   Atransistorisasmallelectronicdevicethattransfersorcarrieselectroniccurrent.Scientistshopethesenew2Dtransistorswillbeusedforbuildinghigh-resolution（高分辨率）displaysthatneedverylittleenergy.

   Twogroupsofscientistscreatedthese2Dtransistors.Theyreportthatthetransistorsareonlyafewatomsthick.

   Usuallytransistorsaremadewiththeelementsilicon（硅）.Computerprocessors,memorychips,TVscreensandotherelectronicdevicescontainbillionsofsilicon-basedtransistors.Buttheseverysmallelectricalpartshavecertainlimitations.

   DimitrisIoannouisanelectricalengineeringprofessoratGeorgeMasonUniversity.Hesaysthetraditionaltransistorhasbeenimprovedasmuchasitcanbe.Headdsthatresearchershavebeenlookingfornewmaterialswithspecialfeaturesandtheywanttransistorstobeseenthroughandsoft.

   "Ifthelayersareverythin,thetransistorcanbecomeflexible,soitdoesn'thavetoberigid（坚硬的）,likeitwouldbeinasiliconchip.Sopeoplecanthinkofapplicationslikewearableelectronics,televisionscreensandotherthings,"saidIoannou.

   Thesenewtransistorscanalsocarryhighercurrent.Theyalsocanmovethecurrentmuchfasterthantraditionaltransistors.Thisisimportantforhigh-definitionscreens.

   DimitrisIoannousaysthescientificsuccesscouldproveveryusefulinthefuture."Now,howgoodandhowusefulitwillbe,it'sstillinthestageofresearch,butitcertainlyisanadvance,"saidIoannou.

（1）WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthenewlycreatedtransistorisTRUE?

A.Theyareexpectedtobeusedinhigh-resolutiondisplays.

B.Thetransistorsaremadewiththeelementsilicon.

C.Theyarerigid,justliketraditionaltransistors.

D.Theyhavealreadybeenputintoactualuse.

（2）WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph5mean?

A.Thetraditionaltransistorshavebeenchangedintotwo-dimensionalones.

B.Manyofthetraditionaltransistorshavebeenimprovedovertheyears.

C.Thetraditionaltransistorhasbeendevelopedtoitsfullest.

D.Thetraditionaltransistorhasbeendevelopedquitewell.

（3）WhatisDimitrisIoannou'sattitudetowardsthecreationofthenewtransistors?

A.Negative.

B.Neutral.

C.Indifferent.

D.Positive.

【答案】

（1）A

（2）C

（3）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，美国科学家发明了新的二维晶体管，介绍了新型二维晶体管的相关信息及未来前景。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“Scientistshopethesenew2Dtransistorswillbeusedforbuildinghigh-resolution（高分辨率）displaysthatneedverylittleenergy.”可知，科学家们希望能用这些新的二维晶体管来制造高分辨率的显示器。

故选A。

（2）考查句义猜测。

划线句句意为“他说传统的晶体管已经尽可能地改进了”可推知，传统的晶体管已经开发到了极致。

故选C。

（3）考查观点态度。

根据最后一段中的DimitrisIoannou所说的话可推知，他对于这种新型的晶体管持有积极乐观的态度。

故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，句义猜测和观点态度三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

   Duringyourfouryearsinthecollege,you'llhavemanyexcitingchoicestomake,thefirstofwhichwillbeyourcourseselectionforyourfirstsemester.Thebeautyofthischoiceisthatyoucan'tgowrong!

NomatterwhichoneofourFirst-YearOptionsyouselecttoapplyfor,youwillcreatearichintellectualexperiencetobeginyourcollegecareer.

   Option1:

LiberalArtsSeminar

   TheLiberalArtsSeminarisamultidisciplinary（多学科的）coursethatexplorestheculturalhistoryoftheMediterraneanthroughfictionalandnonfictionalbooks.

Fallschedule:

WhenRegistrationopens,youwillselectbetweenoneandfouradditionalcoursestocompleteyourschedule.

   Option2:

FLLHagerScholarsProgram

   TheFLLHagerScholarsProgramisdesignedwithourmostambitiousstudentsoflanguagesandlinguisticsinmind,andisdesignedtocreateforthembothasenseofcommunityandopportunitiesforintellectualgrowth.

   Fallschedule:

WhenRegistrationopens,youwillselectbetweenoneandthreeadditionalcoursestocompleteyourschedule.

   Option3:

IgnatiusSeminars

   Offeredonlyinthefirstsemester,IgnatiusSeminarsintroducestudentstothedepthanddiversityofGeorgetown'sdynamicintellectualcommunity.

   Fallschedule:

WhenRegistrationopens,youwillselectthreeorfouradditionalcoursestocompleteyourschedule.

   Option4:

TraditionalFirst-YearAcademicProgram

   Withthisprogram,you'lltakeyourfirststepintothecollege'srichandvariedcorecoursesandexploreyourfieldsofinterestinfreeoptionalcoursework.

   Fallschedule:

WhenRegistrationopens,youwillbuildascheduleoffourorfiveadditionalcoursesfromthefullcollegecurriculum.

（1）HowdostudentslearntheculturalhistoryoftheMediterranean?

A. Bycompletingtheschedule.                           

B. Bywritingfictionalbooks.

C. Byselectinglor4courses.                               D. Byreadingmaterialsofthisarea.

（2）Whichprogramissuitableforastudentinterestedinlanguages?

A. Option1.                         

B. Option2.                         

C. Option3.                         

D. Option4.

（3）What'sapossiblereasonforchoosingOption4?

A. Itisdesignedforlanguagelearners.              

B. Itprovidesvariouscoursesforfree.

C. Itintroducesyoutoareasofinterest.             

D. Itisonlyofferedinthefirstsemester.

【答案】

（1）D

（2）B

（3）C

【解析】【分析】本文是是一篇说明文，在大学的四年里，你会有很多令人兴奋的选择，第一个是你第一学期的课程选择。

这个选择的美妙之处在于你不会出错！

无论你选择申请哪一个，你都将为你的大学生涯创造一个丰富的智力体验。

作者介绍了大学生对课程的四种选择。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据Option1:

LiberalArtsSeminar部分中的“TheLiberalArtsSeminarisamultidisciplinary（多学科的）coursethatexplorestheculturalhistoryoftheMediterraneanthroughfictionalandnonfictionalbooks.”人文学科研讨会是一门多学科课程，通过虚构和非虚构的书籍探索地中海的文化历史，可知，学生通过虚构和非虚构的书籍探索地中海的文化历史。

由此可知，学生是通过阅读该地区的资料来学习地中海的文化历史的。

故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据Option2:

FLLHagerScholarsProgram部分中的“TheFLLHagerScholarsProgramisdesignedwithourmostambitiousstudentsoflanguagesandlinguisticsinmind,andisdesignedtocreateforthembothasenseofcommunityandopportunitiesforintellectualgrowth.”FLLHagerScholarsProgram的设计初衷是为我们最具雄心的语言和语言学学生服务，旨在为他们创造一种社区感和智力成长的机会，可知，Option2的设计初衷是为我们最具雄心的语言和语言学学生服务。

可知，对语言感兴趣的学生可以选择Option2:

FLLHagerScholarsProgram。

故选B。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据Option4:

TraditionalFirst-YearAcademicProgram部分中的“Withthisprogram,you'lltakeyourfirststepintothecollege'srichandvariedcorecoursesandexploreyourfieldsofinterestinfreeoptionalcoursework.”有了这个项目，你将迈出你的第一步，进入大学丰富多样的核心课程，在自由选修课程中探索你感兴趣的领域。

可知，Option4在自由选修课程中探索你感兴趣的领域。

可推知，Option4能把你领进你感兴趣的领域，这应该是学生选择Option4的原因。

故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

   Thenegative（负面的）healtheffectsofsleepshortagesduringtheweekcan'tbechangedbymarathonweekendsleepsessions,accordingtoanewstudy.

   Researchershavelongknownthatroutinesleepdeprivation（缺乏）cancauseweightgainandincreaseotherhealthrisks,includingdiabetes.ButtherearestillsomepeoplewhohopethatshuttingoffthealarmonSaturdayandSundaywillrepaytheweeklysleepdebtandremoveanyilleffects.

   Theresearch,publishedinCurrentBiology,ruinsthosehopes.Despitecompletefreedomtosleepinandnapduringaweekendrecoveryperiod,participantsinasleeplaboratorywhowerelimitedtofivehoursofsleeponweekdaysgainednearlythreepoundsovertwoweeksandexperiencedmetabolicdisruption（代谢紊乱）thatwouldincreasetheirriskfordiabetesoverthelongterm.Whileweekendrecoverysleephadsomebenefitsafterasingleweekofinadequatesleep,thosegainswerewipedoutwhenpeoplereturnedrighttotheirsamesleepschedulethenextMonday.

   "Iftherearebenefitsofcatch-upsleep,they'regonewhenyougobacktoyourroutine.It'sveryshort-lived,"saidKennethWright,wholedtheresearch."Thesehealtheffectsarelong-term.It'skindoflikesmokingoncewas—peoplewouldsmokeandwouldn'tseeanimmediateeffectontheirhealth,butpeoplewillsaynowthatsmokingisnotahealthylifestylechoice.Ithinksleepisintheearlystageofwheresmokingusedtobe."

   Wrightsaidthatthestudysuggestspeopleshouldprioritizesleep—cuttingouttheoptional"sleepstealers"suchaswatchingtelevisionshowsorspendingtimeonelectronicequipment.Evenwhenpeopledon'thaveachoiceaboutlosingsleepduetochild-careresponsibilitiesorjobschedules,theyshouldthinkaboutprioritizingsleepinthesamewaytheywouldthinkaboutahealthydietorexercise.

（1）Whathadtheresearchersalreadyknownbeforedoingthenewresearch?

A. Theactualbenefitsofweekendrecoverysleep.

B. Harmtohealthcausedbythelackofroutinesleep.

C. People'shabitofshuttingoffthealarmduringholidays.

D. Therelationshipbetweenbodyweightandsleepamount.

（2）KennethWrightmentionedsmokingto_________.

A. callonsmokerstocompletelyabandonsmoking

B. advisepeopletogotosleepwhentheywanttosmoke

C. showpeoplehaveknowntheharmbroughtbysmoking

D. showpeoplewillsomedaynoticethebadeffectsofsleepdeprivation

（3）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"prioritize"probablymean?

A.Havealowopinionofsomething.

B.Increasetheamountofsomething.

C.Cutdownsomethingthatisn'tnecessaryanymore.

D.Treatsomethingasbeingmoreimportantthanothers.

（4）Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.WeekendCatch-upSleepIsaLie

B.BadSleepHabitsAreHarmfultoHealth

C.ANewStudyHasanUnexpectedDiscovery

D.AdvantagesandDisadvantagesofCatch-upSleep

【答案】

（1）B

（2）D

（3）D

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，作者通过一项研究与对比举例的方法让大家明白周末马拉松式的“补觉”并不能扭转工作日睡眠不足对健康的负面影响。

人们应该把睡眠放在优先地位。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“Researchershavelongknownthatroutinesleepdeprivation（缺乏）cancauseweightgainandincreaseotherhealthr