全新版大学英语综合教程预习资料unit1.docx
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全新版大学英语综合教程预习资料unit1
全新版大学英语综合教程预习资料
Unit1ChangesintheWayWeLive
TextAMr.DohertyBuildsHisDreamLife
I.DifficultSentences
1.andwecutenoughwoodtojustaboutmakeitthroughtheheatingseason.(para.2)(请加上段落出处)
Tellthemeaningofthephrase“makeit”andparaphrasethispartofthesentence.
(=Thephrase“makeit”means“succeed.”Themeaningofthispartis“Withthewoodwecut,thefamilycansucceedingettingthroughthecoldwinter.”)
2.SoonJim,16andEmily,13,theyoungestofourfourchildren,willhelpmemakesomelong-overdueimprovementsontheoutdoortoiletthatsupplementsourindoorplumbingwhenweareworkingoutside.(para4)
Analyzethestructureofthesentence.
(=Thestructureofthissentenceiscomplicated.
1)“Theyoungestofourfourchildren”isinappositionto“Emily,13.”
2)“thatsupplementsourindoorplumbingwhenweareworkingoutside”isanattributiveclausemodifying“theoutdoortoilet.”)
TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.
(=过些时候,16岁的吉米和四个孩子中最小的13岁的埃米莉,会帮着我一起把拖了很久没修的室外厕所修葺一下。
我们在室外干活时,这个厕所便成了室内卫生设备的补充。
)
3.Thereis,astheoldsayinggoes,norestforthewickedonaplacelikethis—andnotmuchforthevirtuouseither.(para.5)
Telltheclasstheoriginofthesaying“Thereisnorestforthewicked.”
(=ThesayingcomesfromtheBible,Isiah57:
21,“…nopeace,saithmygod,tothewicked.”Itisusedinajocularmanner,meaning“there’snotimeforrelaxation;someoneiskeptbusyallthetime.”)
TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.
(=正如老话说的那样,在这种情形之下,坏人闲不着——好人也歇不了。
)
4.Whileonestormafteranotherblastedhugedriftsupagainstthehouseandbarn,...(para.6)
TranslatethispartofthesentenceintoChinese.
(=暴风雪肆虐,一场接着一场,厚厚的积雪覆盖着屋子和谷仓…)
5.Whenspringcame,itbroughttwofloods.(para.7)
Readthisparagraphandtellwhat“twofloods”refertohere.
(=Thefirstfloodreferstotheoverflowoftherivercoveringtheirlandwhiletheotherreferstoagriculturalproduce.)
6.Thenthegrowingseasonbegan,swampingusunderwaveafterwaveofproduce.(para.7)
What’sthefunctionofthephrase“swampingusunderwaveafterwaveofproduce”?
(=Thisv-ingformisoneofthenon-finiteverbs(非谓语动词).Itservesasanadverbialinthesentenceanditindicatesanotheractionbythesubjectofthesentence.)
Paraphrasethesentence.
(=Thenthegrowingseasoncameanditbroughtusalotofagriculturalproducts.)
Whatattitudeoftheauthorcanweinferfromthissentencetowardshiscountrylife?
(=Wecanseethathewasverysatisfiedwithitandenjoyedtheharvest.)
7.Itwasamazing.(para.7)
Whatcanweinferfromthesentence?
(=Thebigharvestwasbeyondexpectation.Hewasfilledwithjoybecauseofthebigharvest.)
8.Thetimingwasterrible.(para.8)
What’sthemeaningofthissentenceinChinese?
(=时机选得实在太差。
)
Whydoestheauthorthinkso?
(=1)Hehadtopaytheexpensivetuitionforhistwogirls.
2)Hehadonlyafewthousanddollarsinthebank.)
9.Theanswer,decidedly,wasno,andso—withmyemployer’sblessingsandhalfayear’spayinaccumulatedbenefitsinmypocket—offIwent.(para.8)
Whydidtheauthordecidetoquithisjobeventhoughitwasaterribletiming?
Whatcouldbethereasonsfortheauthor’sdecisiontoleavethecity?
(=Thoughitwasaterribletiming,theauthorwasclearthattherewouldbeno“good”timingatall.Possiblereasonsforhisdecisionareasfollows:
A)Hedidn’tthinkhisjobwasgood.
B)Helongedforrisksandchangesinhislife.
C)Hewasattractedbythegoodharvesthisfamilyhadgottheyearbefore.
D)Hewasfascinatedbythehectic,self-reliantandcolorfullifeinthecountryside.)
10.Itpicksup80%ofthecostsbeyondthat.(para.10)
Whatdoestheword“that”inthesentencereferto?
(=Itrefersto“thefirst$500thefamilypays.”Supposethemedicalfeeis$1,000,thefamilyhastopay$500whiletheinsurancecompanywillpay$400.)
11.andwearecoveredagainstcatastrophe.(para.10)
TranslatethispartintoChinese.
(=而且我们给自己投了巨灾险。
)
12.ExtravagantChristmasesareamemory,andwecombinevacationswithstoryassignments…(para.11)
Paraphrase:
WenolongerhaveextravagantChristmases,andwhenamagazinesendsmesomewhereonanassignmenttowritesomething,Iwilltakemyfamilyalong.Bydoingso,wecansavesomemoneywhileenjoyingasortofvacation.
Whatcanweinferfromthispartofthesentence?
(=WecaninferthatthefamilyusedtospendmuchmoremoneyonChristmases.)
II.Words&Expressions
getby:
过得去,尚可begoodenoughbutnotverygood;managetoliveordothingsinasatisfactoryway(请加上中文)
-Itisalittlebitdifficultfortheoldcoupletogetbyonsuchasmallpension.
-我父母靠很少的钱将就着把日子过了下去。
(=Myparentsmanagedtogetbyonasmallamountofmoney.)
-Sheneverworksbutsomehowshegetsby.
supplement:
补充,增补
1.vt.addtosth.inordertoimproveit(followedbywith)
(=ThedoctorsuggestedsupplementingmydietwithvitaminsEandA.)
2.n.anadditionalamountofsth.
-DoyoureadthecolorsupplementsoftheSundaynewspapers?
(=你读周日报纸的彩色增刊吗?
)
-Shehasbeenillandmusthavesupplementstoherordinaryfood.
pursue:
vt.努力去获得(或完成),追求
1.bebusywith;continue(steadily)with
-Heispursuinghisstudiesattheuniversity.
-AftergraduationMartinchosetopursuethesamecareerashisfatherasadoctor.
2.followesp.inordertocatch,kill,ordefeat
-Thepolicearepursuinganescapedprisoner.
pursuit:
n.追求;追赶;工作
Hislifeisspentinthepursuitofpleasure.
他一生都在寻欢作乐。
getthrough:
通过,度过comesuccessfullytotheend
-当地政府已采取一些措施以确保所有人顺利过冬。
(=Thelocalgovernmenthastakensomemeasurestoensurethatallthepeoplewillgetthroughthewinter.)
-Shegotthroughtheentranceexaminationandwasacceptedbythecollege.
atthatpoint:
那时atthatverymoment;rightthen
-Themansuddenlyheldupaposter.Atthatpoint,allTVcameraswerepointedathim.
onbalance:
总的来说withallthingsconsidered
-Onbalance,it’sprobablynotadvisabletochangethecompany’sname.
-我想,总的来说我更喜欢新的操作系统。
(=Ithink,onbalance,Ipreferthenewoperatingsystem.)
NB:
balance的反义词是imbalance。
此外,与balance有关的其他搭配有:
keepone’sbalance保持平衡
loseone’sbalance失去平衡
strikeabalance力求折中
inthebalance不确定,成败或安危未定
illustrate:
vt.加插图于;举例说明providewithvisualfeatures;clarifybyuseofexamples,etc.
-Letmeuseanotherexampletoillustratethisdifficultpoint.
CF:
illustrate,exemplify&demonstrate
这三个词都是动词,都有“举例说明”之意。
illustrate表示不仅使用具体事例而且有时使用图画,目的是使说明生动、逼真或有效,从而真实地说明某一观点。
例如:
-Thewaythatapumpworksisusedtoillustratehowtheheartsendsbloodaroundthebody.
(=水泵的工作原理可用来解释心脏是如何将血液送至全身各处的。
)
exemplify可用于举例说明某一笼统、抽象的陈述,也可用于举出某事物的典型或范例。
例如:
-Knightsexemplifiedcourageandcourtesy.
(=武士们是勇敢与礼貌的榜样。
)
demonstrate表示用充足且可靠的证据证实某一学术观点或结论,也可用于说明人或事。
例如:
-Galileodemonstratedthatobjectsofdifferentweightsfallatthesamespeed.
(=伽俐略证实了重量不同的物体以同样的速度下落。
)
digest:
文摘,摘要;消化,融会贯通
1.n.ashortaccountofwrittenmaterialsordata
-Reader’sDigestisapopularmagazineintheUS.
2.v.
1)changesth.intoaformthatthebodycanuse
-玛丽吃肥肉不消化。
(=Marycan’tdigestfat.)
2)thinkaboutsth.carefullyandunderstandit
-Iheardherspeech,butIhaven’tdigestedityet.
-吸收新思想往往需要很长时间。
(=Itoftentakeslongtimetodigestnewideas.)
generate:
形成,产生vt.bringintoexistence;produce
-煤燃烧时,产生热量。
(=Whencoalburns,itgeneratesheat.)
-ThewidespreaduseofSpanishinsomeAmericancitieshasgeneratedapublicdebateoverlanguageuseinthecountry.
-Theteacher’sremarkgeneratedloudlaughter.
Whenitcomesto当涉及到,当谈及…
-When it comes to dancing,I'mallthumbs.
谈到跳舞,我真是一窍不通。
insurance:
保险,保险费n.guaranteeofcompensationforloss,damage,sickness,death,etc.inreturnforregularpayment
-Doesyourinsurancecoverdamagebyflooding?
-Ourfirmcarriesfireinsurance.
Collocation:
accidentinsurance意外保险
medicalinsurance医疗保险
privatehealthinsurance私人健康保险
disabilityinsurance伤残保险
socialinsurance社会保险
unemploymentinsurance失业保险
wholelifeinsurance终身人寿保险
pickup:
1)bereadytopay支付2)improve好转,提高3)gain;get获得4)takeholdofandliftup捡起5)gathertogether;collect收集6)collectsomeoneorsomethingfromaplace接
Matchthefollowingsentenceswithappropriatedefinitionsabove.
WheredidyoupickupyourexcellentEnglish?
(3)
Pleasepickupallyourtoyswhenyou’vefinishedplaying.(5)
Ifhelosesthecase,Michaelwillhavetopickupthebillforlegalcosts.
(1)
I’llpickyouupatyourhotel.(6)
Shepickedupastoneandthrewitatthewindow.(4)
Maryhasbeenill,butshe’spickingupnow.
(2)
asidefrom:
除了;除…以外(尚有)exceptfor;inadditionto(moreusualinAmericanEnglish;sameasapartfrom)
-Asidefromanoccasionalgameoftennis,hedoesn’ttakeanyexercise.
-Thiscompositionisgoodasidefromacoupleofspellingmistakes.
-万籁俱寂,只有从远处偶尔传来汽车喇叭声。
(=Everythingwasquiet,asidefromtheoccasionalsoundofacarhorninthedistance.)
cutback:
减少,消减reduceinsizeoramount
Pattern:
cutbacksth.;cutbackonsth.
-Thegovernmenthascutbackondefensespending.
-我们反对任何削减教育预算的计划。
(=Weopposeanyplanstocutback(on)educationbudget.)
dineout:
外出吃饭eatamealawayfromhome(usu.inarestaurant)
-I’mgoingtodineoutwithPetertonight.
suspect:
1.v.
1)believetobetrue,likelyorprobable相信
Pattern:
suspectthat…
-Istronglysuspectthatthey’retryingtogetridofme.
2)believetobeguilty怀疑
Pattern:
suspectsb./sth.ofsth.
-Thepolicesuspecthimofmurder.
2.n.apersonwhoissuspectedofguilt,esp.inacrime嫌疑人
-Thepolicehavearrestedtwosuspectsinconnectionwiththebankrobbery.
3.adj.ofuncertaintruth,quality,etc.可疑的
-Thatisarathersuspe