数控机床改造外文文献翻译中英文翻译.docx

数控机床改造外文文献翻译中英文翻译.docx

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数控机床改造外文文献翻译中英文翻译

TheNumericalControlEngineBedTransforms

HarveyB.Mackey

Firstnumericalcontrolsystemdevelopmentsummarybriefhistoryandtendency

In1946thefirstelectronicaccountingmachinewasbornintheworld,thisindicatedthehumanitycreatedhasbeenpossibletostrengthenandpartiallytoreplacethementallaborthetool.Itwiththehumanitythesewhichintheagriculture,theindustrysocietycreatedonlyisstrengthensthephysicallaborthetooltocompare,gotupthequantitiveleap,enteredtheinformationsocietyforthehumanitytolaythefoundation.

After6years,in1952,computertechnologyappliedtotheenginebed,thefirstnumericalcontrolenginebedwereborninUS.Fromthistimeon,thetraditionalenginebedhashadthearcherytargetchange.Sincenearlyhalfcentury,thenumericalcontrolsystemhasexperiencedtwostagesandsixgenerationofdevelopment.

1.1Numericalcontrol（NC）stage（1952~1970）

Theearlycomputeroperatingspeedislow,wasnotbigtothensciencecomputationandthedataprocessinginfluence,butcouldnotadapttheenginebedreal-timecontrolrequest.Thepeoplecannotbutusenumerallogiccircuit"tobuild"tobecomeanenginebedspecialpurposecomputertotakethenumericalcontrolsystem,iscalledthehardwareconnectionnumericalcontrol（HARD-WIREDNC）,JianChengweinumericalcontrol（NC）.Alongwiththeprimarydevicedevelopment,thisstagehashadbeenthroughrepeatedlythreegenerations,namely1952firstgenerationof--electrontube;1959secondgenerationof--transistor;1965thirdgeneration--smallscaleintegrationelectriccircuit.

1.2Computernumericalcontrol（CNC）stage（in1970~present）

In1970,thegeneralminicomputeralreadyappearedandthemassproduction.Thereupontransplantsittakesthenumericalcontrolsystemthecorepart,fromthistimeonenteredthecomputernumericalcontrol（CNC）thestage（"whichshouldhavecomputerinfrontofthegeneral"twocharacterstoabbreviate）.In1971,AmericanINTELCorporationintheworldfirsttimethecomputertwomostcorespart--logicunitsandthecontroller,usedthelargescaleintegratedcircuittechnologyintegrationontogetherthechip,calleditthemicroprocessor（MICROPROCESSOR）,alsomightbecalledthecentralprocessingelement（tobecalledCPU）.

Themicroprocessorisappliedto1974inthenumericalcontrolsystem.Thisisbecauseminicomputerfunctiontoostrong,controlledanenginebedabilitytohavewealthily（thereforeonceusesincontrollingthemulti-Taiwanenginebedatthattime,calleditgroupcontrol）,wasinferiortousedthemicroprocessoreconomytobereasonable.Moreoverthensmallmachinereliabilitywasnotideal.Theearlymicroprocessorspeedandthefunctionalthoughinsufficientlyarealsohigh,butmaysolvethroughthemulti-processorstructure.Becausethemicroprocessoristhegeneral-purposecalculatorcorepart,thereforestillwascalledthecomputernumericalcontrol.

In1990,PCmachine（personalcomputer,domesticcustomhadcalledmicrocomputer）theperformancehasdevelopedtotheveryhighstage,maysatisfiedlytakethenumericalcontrolsystemcoreparttherequest.ThenumericalcontrolsystemhenceforthenteredbasedonthePCstage.

Inbrief,thecomputernumericalcontrolstagehasalsoexperiencedthreegenerations.Namely1970fourthgenerationof--minicomputer;1974fivedynasties--microprocessorand1990sixthgeneration--（overseaswascalledPC-BASED）basedonPC.

Alsomustpointout,althoughoverseasalreadyrenamedasthecomputernumericalcontrol（namelyCNC）.

　　Alsomustpointout,althoughoverseasalreadyrenamedasthecomputernumericalcontrol（namelyCNC）,butourcountrystillthecustomcalledthenumericalcontrol（NC）.Thereforewedailysay"numericalcontrol",themateriallyalreadywasrefersto"computernumericalcontrol".

1.3thenumericalcontrolfuturewilldeveloptendency

1.3.1openstylecontinuesto,todevelopbasedonthePCsixthgenerationofdirection

ThesoftwareandhardwareresourceshaswhichbasedonPCarerichandsoonthecharacteristic,themorenumericalcontrolsserialproductionfactorycanstepontothispath.UsesPCmachinetotakeatleastitsfrontendmachine,processestheman-machinecontactsurface,theprogramming,theassociation

Questionandsoonnetcorrespondence,undertakesthenumericalcontroldutybytheoriginalsystem.PCmachinehasthefriendlyman-machinecontactsurface,willpopularizetoallnumericalcontrolssystem.Thelong-distancecommunication,thelong-distancediagnosisandtheservicewillbemorecommon.

1.3.2approachesandthehighaccuracydevelopment

Thisisadaptstheenginebedtobehighspeedandthehighaccuracydirectionneedtodevelop.

1.3.3developstotheintellectualizeddirection

Alongwiththeartificialintelligenceinthecomputerdomainunceasingseepageandthedevelopment,thenumericalcontrolsystemintellectualizeddegreeunceasinglywillenhance.

（1）appliestheadaptivecontroltechnology

Thenumericalcontrolsystemcanexamineintheprocesssomeimportantinformation,andtheautomaticcontrolsystemrelatedparameter,achievestheimprovementsystemrunningstatusthegoal.

（2）introducestheexpertsysteminstructionprocessing

Theskilledworkerandexpert'sexperience,theprocessinggeneralruleandthespecialrulestoreinthesystem,takethecraftparameterdatabaseasthestrut,theestablishmenthastheartificialintelligencetheexpertsystem.

（3）introducesthebreakdowntodiagnosetheexpertsystem

（4）intellectualizednumeralservodrive

Maythroughtheautomaticdiagnosisload,buttheautomaticcontrolparameter,causestheactuationsystemtoobtainthebestmovement.

Second,enginebednumericalcontroltransformationnecessity

2.1microscopiclooksatthetransformationthenecessity

Fromonmicroscopiclookedbelowthat,thenumericalcontrolenginebedhastheprominentsuperioritycomparedtothetraditionalenginebed,moreoverthesesuperioritycomefromthecomputermightwhichthenumericalcontrolsystemcontains.

2.1.1mayprocessthetraditionalenginebedcannotprocessthecurve,thecurvedsurfaceandsoonthecomplexcomponents.

Becausethecomputerhastheexcellentoperationability,maytheinstantaccuratelycalculateeachcoordinateaxisinstanttobesupposedthemovementphysiologicalloadofexercise,thereforemayturnroundthesynthesiscomplexcurveorthecurvedsurface.

2.1.2mayrealizetheprocessingautomation,moreoveristheflexibleautomation,thustheefficiencymayenhance3~7timescomparedtothetraditionalenginebed.

Becausethecomputerhasthememoryandthememoryproperty,maytheprocedurewhichinputsrememberandsave,thentheorderwhichstipulatedaccordingtotheprocedureautomaticcarriesout,thusrealizationautomation.Thenumericalcontrolenginebedsolongasreplacesaprocedure,mayrealizeanotherworkpieceprocessingautomation,thuscausesthesingleunitandthesmallbatchofproductioncanautomate,thereforeiscalledhasrealized"flexibleautomation".

2.1.3processingscomponentsprecisionhigh,sizedispersiondegreesmall,makestheassemblytobeeasy,nolongerneeds"tomakerepairs".

2.1.4mayrealizethemulti-workingprocedurescentralism,reducesthecomponentsinenginebedbetweenfrequenttransporting.

2.1.5hasauto-alarm,theautomaticmonitoring,automaticcompensationandsoonthemanykindsofautonomyfunction,thusmayrealizelongtimenobodytosafeguardtheprocessing.

2.1.6advantagewhichderivesbyabovefive.

Forexample:

Reducedworker'slaborintensity,savedthelaborforce（apersontobepossibletosafeguardthemulti-Taiwanenginebed）,reducedtheworkclothes,reducedthenewproducttrialmanufacturingcycleandtheproductioncycle,mighttothemarketdemandmakerapidreactionandsoon.

Abovethesesuperiorityarethepredecessorcannotimagine,isanextremelysignificantbreakthrough.Inaddition,theenginebednumericalcontrolcarriesoutFMC（flexiblemanufactureunit）,FMS（flexiblemanufacturesystem）aswellasCIMS（computerintegrationmanufacturesystem）andsoontheenterprisebecominganinformationbasedsocietytransformationfoundation.Thenumericalcontroltechnologyalreadybecamethemanufacturingindustryautomationthecoretechnologyandthefoundationtechnology.

2.2greatwatchesthetransformationthenecessity

Fromonmacroscopiclookedthat,theindustrydevelopedcountryarmedforces,theairplaneweaponindustry,intheendofthe70's,atthebeginningofthe80'sstartedthelarge-scaleapplicationnumericalcontrolenginebed.Itsessenceis,usestheinformationtechnologytothetraditionalindustry（includingthearmedforces,airplaneweaponindustry）carriesonthetechnologicaltransformations.Exceptthatusesoutsidethenumericalcontrolenginebed,FMC,FMSinthemanufactureprocess,butalsoincludesintheproductdevelopmentcarriesoutCAD,CAE,CAM,thehypothesizedmanufactureaswellascarriesoutMISintheproductionmanagement（managementinformationsystem）,CIMSandsoon.Aswellasincreasestheinformationtechnologyinitsproductionproduct,includingartificialintelligenceandsooncontent.Becauseusestheinformationtechnologytothecountryforeigntroops,theairplaneweaponindustrycarriesonthethoroughtransformation（tocallitbecominganinformationbasedsociety）,finallycausesthemtheproductintheinternationalmilitarygoodsandinthegoodsforcivilianusemarketthecompetitivepowergreatlyistheenhancement.Butweintheinformationtechnologytransformationtraditionindustryaspectcomparedtothedevelopedcountrytofallbehindapproximatelyfor20