高级口译真题及答案.docx
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高级口译真题及答案
2008年3月高级真题
SECTION1:
LISTENINGTEST(30minutes)
PartA:
SpotDictation
Directions:
Inthispartofthetest,youwillhearapassageandreadthesamepassagewithblanksinit.Fillineachoftheblankswiththewordorwordsyouhaveheardonthetape.WriteyouranswerinthecorrespondingspaceinyourANSWERBOOKLET.RememberyouwillhearthepassageONLYONCE.
Today,we'lltalkaboutwhatothereffectswatchingTVmightproduceonchildren.
Childrenshouldbe_______
(1)alotoftelevision,manyexpertsandparentsagree,butthereisatleastonecircumstancewhenitmightbebeneficial:
_______
(2).ArecentstudyconductedbyItalianresearchersfoundthatchildren_______(3)immediatelyprecedingandduringbloodtestsexperiencedlesspainthanchildrenwhosemothers_______(4)duringtheprocedure,orchildrenwhosemotherswerepresentbut_______(5).
Theresearch,ledbyCarloBrown,MD,attheUniversityofSiena,ispublishedintheArchivesofDiseaseinChildhood,_______(6)thestudy.Nonereceivedanytypeofanesthesia;thechildrenandtheirmothers_______(7).
Boththegroupwhosemothersattemptedtodistractthemfromthebloodtestsandthosewhosemotherssimplyobservedreported_______(8)thanthegroupwhowatchedcartoons.Forthatgroup,thelevelsofpainwerelessandthechildrenwerebetterableto_______(9).
Oneofthepossibleexplanationsisthatchildrenmighthave_______(10)duringtheprocedures,exacerbatingtheirperceptionofpain."Thehigherpainlevelreportedbychildrenduring_______(11)showsthedifficultymothershaveininteractingpositively_______(12)intheirchildren'slife,"theauthorswrite.
However,theystressedthat_______(13)stillprovidedbenefits,notingthatthechildrenwould_______(14)duringtheprocedures."Indeed,childrenstatethathavingtheirparentpresent_______(15)wheninpain,"saytheauthors.
Anotherpossibilityofferedforconsiderationisthenotionthatthe_______(16)mightreleasepain-quellingendorphins.Endorphins,_______(17)producedbythepituitarygland,resembleopiatesintheirabilitytoproduceanalgesiaandasenseofwell-being.Inotherwords,theymight_______(18).
Inanycase,thestudyresultssuggestthathealthworkersshould_______(19)towatchtelevisionduringpainfulprocedures_______(20).
PartB:
ListeningComprehension
Directions:
Inthispartofthetesttherewillbesomeshorttalksandconversations.Aftereachone,youwillbeaskedsomequestions.Thetalks,conversationsandquestionswillbespokenONLYONCE.NowlistencarefullyandchoosetherightanswertoeachquestionyouhaveheardandwritetheletteroftheansweryouhavechoseninthecorrespondingspaceinyourANSWERBOOKLET.
Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingconversation.
1.(A)AchangeinFrencheatinghabits.
(B)Aboominlong-hourmealsinFrance.
(C)Theoriginofhamburgers.
(D)Thehomeofthesit-downmid-daymeal.
2.(A)Avariationinfoodsupply.
(B)Achangeintheworkforce.
(C)Ariseinfoodprices.
(D)Afallinwhite-collarization.
3.(A)Bakeriesnowofferalimitedrangeofalbeitexcellentproducts.
(B)Thereareaboutfourkindsofbread,breakfastanddessertpastries.
(C)Bakeriessellsandwichesmainlyintheworking-classareas.
(D)Franceiscurrentlywitnessingaboominsandwichbusiness.
4.(A)MenusuallyliketoeatmorehamburgersthanwomendoinFrance.
(B)Men,morelikelytobeworkingbehindajackhammer,needtoeatsomuch.
(C)WomenmakeupalmosthalfthelaborforceinFrancenow.
(D)Womenhavetopickupthechildrenlatefromtheday-carecenter.
5.(A)BecausethebakerieshaveadaptedtheideaoffastfoodandmadeitFrenchproducts.
(B)Becausethebakerieshaveofferedsomethingthat'sveryclosetowhatiscalledfastfood.
(C)Becausethehamburgershavehamandbutterinthem.
(D)BecausethehamburgersdonotcostsomuchasthoseofferedbyMcDonald.
Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowingnews.
6.(A)Three.(B)Four.
(C)Eleven.(D)Eighteen
7.(A)TointensifyTokyo'sroleinpeacekeepingmissionsabroad.
(B)Tostopthecountry'sairforcetransportmissioninIraq.
(C)Tooverridethelowerhouse'sdecision.
(D)ToapprovetheDemocraticParty'sbilltocontinuethemission.
8.(A)Worseningwaterscarcity.(B)Increasingrisksofdiseases.
(C)Triggeringmassdisplacement.(D)ReducingthepopulationinAsia.
9.(A)Toresumepeacetalkswhichhavebeenhaltedforalongtime.
(B)Toforgeandsignapeacetreatypledgedbybothsides.
(C)Todispelhisskepticismoverchancesforadealbeforeheleavesoffice.
(D)Toopena44-nationconferenceovertheMiddleEastissue.
10.(A)60%.(B)26%.
(C)21%.(D)20%.
Questions11to15arebasedonthefollowinginterview.
11.(A)Whattodotocontrolcrime.
(B)Whatrolealawyerplaysinacourtcase.
(C)Howtotellahardenedcriminalfromafirst-timeoffender.
(D)Howtoconvictacriminalandputhiminprison.
12.(A)Deterrence.
(B)Quickconviction.
(C)Thesocialstructure.
(D)Theeconomy.
13.(A)Educationprogramsarenotsoeffectiveasrequired.
(B)Drugtreatmentprogramsareinsufficientlyfunded.
(C)Somerehabilitationprogramsinsideprisonshavebeenstopped.
(D)Morepeopleareconvictedthanprisonspacecanaccommodate.
14.(A)Theseprogramsaremainlyintendedforthekingpinsofdrugdealstogetrehabilitated.
(B)Theseprogramsarecurrentlycarriedoutinmoststatesinthecountry.
(C)Theseprogramsaimtodevelopacultureinsidetheprisons.
(D)Theseprogramshavepsychologicalandeducationalcomponents.
15.(A)Becausegangsstartinprisonsandmakeprisonarepressiveexperience.
(B)Becausecriminalstendtoberepeatoffenders.
(C)Becausethereisnostigmaattachedtomostcriminals.
(D)Becausesocietydoesn'tlookatreleasedprisonerswithdisdain.
Questions16to20arebasedonthefollowingtalk.
16.(A)Howtointeractwithcolleaguesandclientsfacetoface.
(B)Howtomakeeffectivetelephoneconversations.
(C)Whatskillsareneededtogetandholddownajob.
(D)Whatmakesforanexcellentabilitytoexpressyourself.
17.(A)(A)Managerial.(B)Technological.
(C)Financial.(D)Social.
18.(A)Basictoadvancedknowledgeofcomputerapplication.
(B)Abilitytocalculatealltransactions,profitsandcosts.
(C)Creativityinmakingpresentationstoclients.
(D)Proficiencyinatleastoneforeignlanguage.
19.(A)Tocreateyourowndatabasesonthecomputer.
(B)Toenhanceyoursocialskillsbyholdingpartieswithyourfriends.
(C)Tousethecomputerinfreetimeandbecomefamiliarwithitsoperation.
(D)Tostoreasmanytelephonenumbersandaddressesasyoucan.
20.(A)Graduatingstudents.
(B)Traineemanagers.
(C)Professionalsecretaries.
(D)Low-leveladministrativestaff.
SECTION2:
READINGTEST(30miniutes)
Directions:
Inthissectionyouwillreadseveralpassages.Eachoneisfollowedbyseveralquestionsaboutit.YouaretochooseONEbestanswer,(A),(B),(C)or(D),toeachquestion.AnswerallthequestionsfollowingeachpassageonthebasisofwhatisstatedorimpliedinthatpassageandwritetheletteroftheansweryouhavechoseninthecorrespondingspaceinyourANSWERBOOKLET.
Question1-5
Lifeexpectancyintherichestcountriesoftheworldnowexceedsthepoorestbymorethan30years,figuresshow.Thegapiswideningacrosstheworld,withWesterncountriesandthegrowingeconomiesofLatinAmericaandtheFarEastadvancingmorerapidlythanAfricaandthecountriesoftheformerSovietUnion.AveragelifeexpectancyinBritainandsimilarcountriesoftheOECDwas78.8in2000-05,anincreaseofmorethansevenyearssince1970-75andalmost30yearsoverthepastcentury.Insub-SaharanAfrica,lifeexpectancyhasincreasedbyjustfourmonthssince1970,to46.1years.Narrowingthis"healthgap"willinvolvegoingbeyondtheimmediatecausesofdisease—poverty,poorsanitationandinfection—totacklethe"causesofthecauses"—thesocialhierarchiesinwhichpeoplelive,saysthereportpublishedbytheGlobalCommissionontheSocialDeterminantsofHealthestablishedbytheWHOin2005.
ProfessorSirMichaelMarmot,chairmanofthecommission,whofirstcoinedtheterm"statussyndrome",saidsocialstatuswasthekeytotacklinghealthinequalitiesworldwide.Inthe1980s,inaseriesofground-breakingstudiesamongWhitehallcivilservants,ProfessorMarmotshowedthattheriskofdeathamongthoseonthelowerrungsofthecareerladderwasfourtimeshigherthanthoseatthetop,andthatthedifferencewaslinkedwiththedegreeofcontroltheindividualshadovertheirlives.
Hesaidyesterdaythatthesameruleappliedinpoorercountries.Ifpeopleincreasedtheirstatusandgainedmorecontrolovertheirlivestheyimprovedtheirhealthbecausetheywerelessvulnerabletotheeconomicandenvironmentalthreats."Whenpeoplethinkaboutthoseinpoorcountriestheytendtothinkaboutpoverty,lackofhousing,sanitationandexposuretoinfectiousdisease.Butthereisanotherissue,thesocialgradientinhealthwhichIcalledstatussyndrome.Itisnotjustthoseatthebottomofthehierarchywhohaveworsehealth;itisallthewayalongthescale.Thosesecondfromthebottomhaveworsehealththanthoseabovethembutbetterhealththanthosebelow."
Theinterimreportofthecommission,intheonlineeditionofTheLancet,saystheeffectsofstatussyndromeextendfromthebottomtothetopofthehierarchy,withSwedishadultsholdingaPhDhavingalowerdeathratethanthosewithamaster'sdegree.Thestudysays:
"Thegradientisaworldwideoccurrence,seeninlow-income,middle-income