浙江高考英语阅读理解 词义猜测题讲解及选练含答案.docx
《浙江高考英语阅读理解 词义猜测题讲解及选练含答案.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《浙江高考英语阅读理解 词义猜测题讲解及选练含答案.docx(12页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
浙江高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题讲解及选练含答案
2017高考英语阅读理解--词义猜测题讲解及选练
高考英语阅读理解常考点分析
阅读理解试题常采用以下四种题型:
1.考查考生快速捕捉信息、处理信息的能力(细节理解题);
2.考查考生对某个词或词语的理解能力(词义猜测题);
3.考查考生对文章主旨大意或段落大意的概括能力(主旨大意题);
4.考查考生对文章的隐含意义、延伸意义的推理判断能力(推理判断题)。
【词义猜测题】
Ⅰ.利用同义词或近义词来猜测词义。
有时,为了避免重复,作者会运用不同的词来表述同一意思。
此时会出现与之同义或近义的词语或结构,此时可以从该熟悉的词语或结构中推知生词的含义。
这种情况下,通常在生词和与其同义或近义的词或短语之间有表并列关系的词and或or等。
Ⅱ.利用反义词或句子中的转折关系猜测词义。
反义词同样能够帮助我们理解生词的含义,像although,but,while,however,otherwise,ontheotherhand等词或词组通常是反义词线索的标志。
Ⅲ.根据定义和解释猜测词义。
有些文章中尽管出现了生词,但作者可能会以某种方式对该生词进行解释,如利用means,or,thatistosay,thatis,inotherwords,namely等释义性词或短语来进行解释,或利用破折号、同位语、同位语从句、定语从句等来解释。
Ⅳ.利用举例说明猜测词义。
有时,有些生词没有给出直接的解释,而是在其后举了一些相关的例子进行说明。
我们可以对这些例子进行归纳,即使不能完全猜测出生词的确切含义,也能猜测出其大致意思。
常见的表示举例说明的词和短语有:
like,forexample,forinstance,suchas,such...as等。
Ⅴ.利用上下文语境猜测词义。
猜测任何一个生词或短语的含义都离不开上下文的语境,此时就要求我们通过上下文来对该生词或短语进行合乎逻辑的推测。
Ⅵ.利用词义搭配猜测词义。
句子中的某个单词总是和其它的词或短语相关联,我们可以通过这些前后关联的词或短语来猜测该生词的含义。
Ⅶ.利用因果关系猜测词义。
有时,我们可以结合上下文利用因果关系来进行推断,可以是根据原因推测结果,也可以是根据结果推测原因。
通常用于表示因果关系的词和短语有:
because,as,since,for,so,thus,asaresult,therefore,so/such...that等。
Ⅸ.利用类属关系猜测词义。
有时,文中出现的生词可能与其他几个我们熟悉的词语同属于一个类别,此时可以利用这种类属关系推测出生词的意思。
Ⅹ.利用生活经验和社会常识猜测词义。
有不少生词可以根据生活经验或社会常识进行推理、分析从而猜测出词义。
比如了解一些西方国家的天文地理、风俗习惯、宗教信仰及社会制度等,可以帮助我们加深对文章的理解,遇到生词时,猜测词义的能力自然就增强了。
Ⅺ.利用构词法猜测词义。
构词法以派生和合成为主,如:
前缀、后缀和词根,或是复合词。
了解构词法并记住一些派生词词缀,可以帮助我们扩充词汇量,也可猜测出不少生词的词义。
【真题回放】
Andno,notbecausethekidsliketopulltheirears.Theculpritisclimatechange,andsomeresearchersfoundthatrisingtemperaturesarehavingharmfuleffectsonatleastfivespeciesofrabbitintheUS.(浙江卷,2012年阅读理解A)
42.Theword“culprit”(Paragraph2)isclosestinmeaningto.
A.criminalB.judgeC.victimD.producer
42.A。
risingtemperaturesarehavingharmfuleffectsonatleastfivespeciesofrabbitintheUS中risingtemperatures与climatechange有关,再根据havingharmfuleffectsonatleastfivespeciesofrabbit可知,上升的温度对五种兔子有不良影响,由此可知,气候变化是引起问题的事物,与criminal(罪犯)意思相近。
【冲向高考】
阅读理解
Shayasked,“Doyouthinkthey’llletmeplay?
”Shay’sfatherknewthatmostoftheboyswouldnotwantsomeonelikeShayontheirteam,butthefatheralsounderstoodthatifhisson,mentallyandphysicallydisabled,wereallowedtoplay,itwouldgivehimamuch-neededsenseofbelongingandsomeconfidence.
Shay’sfatherapproachedoneoftheboysonthefieldandaskedifShaycouldplay,notexpectingmuch.Theboylookedaroundandsaid,“We’relosingbysixruns(分)andthegameisintheeighthinning(局).Iguesshecanbeonourteamandwe’lltrytoputhimintobatinthefinalinning.
Shaystruggledovertotheteam’sbenchandputonateamshirtwithabroadsmileandhisfatherhadasmalltearinhiseyeandwarmthinheart.Theboyssawthefather’sjoyathissonbeingaccepted.
Inthebottomoftheeighthinning,Shay’steamscoredafewrunsbutwasstillbehindbythree.Inthetopofthefinalinning,Shayputonagloveandplayedinthefield.Eventhoughnohitscamehisway,hewasobviouslyjoyfuljusttobeinthegameandonthefield.Inthebottomofthefinalinning,Shay’steamscoredagain.Now,Shaywasscheduledtobenextatbat.WouldtheyletShaybatandgiveawaytheirchancetowinthegame?
Surprisingly,Shaywasgiventhebat.Everyoneknewthatahitwasalmostimpossible.Thefirstpitch(投)cameandShaymissed.ThepitcheragaintookafewstepsforwardtothrowtheballsoftlytowardsShay.Asthepitchcamein,Shayswungattheballandhitaslowgroundballrightbacktothepitcher.
ThepitchercouldhaveeasilythrownheballtothefirstbasemanandShaywouldhavebeenoutandthatwouldhavebeentheendofthegame.Instead,thepitcherthrewtheballrightovertheheadofthefirstbaseman,beyondthereachofallteammates,Theaudienceandtheplayersfrombothteamsstartedscreaming,“Shay,runtofirst!
”NeverinhislifehadShayeverrunthatfarbutmadeittofirstbase,wide-eyedandshocked.
Everyoneshould,“Runtosecond!
”Catchinghisbreath,Shayawkwardlyrantowardssecond.BythetimeShayroundedtowardssecondbase,thesmallestguyontheirteam,whohadachancetobetheheroforhisteamforthefirsttime,couldhavethrowntheballtothesecondbaseman,butheunderstoodthepitcher’sintentionsandhetoointentionallythrewtheballhighandfaroverthethirdbaseman’shead.
Allwerescreaming,“Shay,Shay,Shay,allthewayShay.”Shayreachedthirdbasewhenoneopposingplayerrantohelphimandshouted,“Shay,runtothird.”AsShayroundedthird,allwereontheirfeet,crying,“Shay,runhome!
”Shayrantohome,steppedonthehomebaseandwascheeredastheherowhotwonthegameforhisteam.
Thatday,theboysfrombothteamshelpedbringapiecetrueloveandhumanityintothisworld.Shaydidn’tmakeittoanothersummeranddiedthatwinter,havingneverforgottenbeingtheheroandmakinghisfathersohappyandcominghomeandseeinghismothertearfullyhugherlittleherooftheday!
()1.Notexpectingmuch,Shay’sfatherstillaskedtheboyifShaycouldplay,mainlybecausethefather_________.
A.noticedsomeoftheboysonthefieldwereheisting
B.guessedhispresencewouldaffecttheboy’sdecision
C.learnedsomeoftheboysonthefieldknewShaywell
D.understoodShaydidneedafeelingofbeingaccepted
()2.InthebottomofthefinalinningShaywasgiventhebatbecausetheboys_________.
A.believedtheyweresuretowinthegame
B.wouldliketohelpShayenjoythegame
C.foundShaywassoeagertobeawinner
D.fellforcedtogiveShayanotherchance
()3.Thesmallestboythrewtheballhighandfaroverthethirdbaseman’shead,probablybecausethatboy________.
A.wasobviouslyawareofthepitcher’spurpose
B.lookedforwardtowinningthegameforhisteam
C.failedtothrowtheballtothesecondbaseman
D.sawthatShayalreadyreachedsecondbase
()4.WhichofthefollowinghasnothingtodowithShay’sbecomingtheheroforhisteam?
A.Thepitcherdidnotthrowtheballtothefirstbaseman.
B.Theaudienceandtheplayersfrombothteamscheeredforhim.
C.Theopposingplayersfailedtostophisrunningtohome.
D.Oneoftheopposingplayersrantohelphim.
()5.Whattoyouthinkisthethemeofthestory?
A.Truehumannaturecouldberealizedinthewaywetreateachother.
B.Everyonehashisownstrengthevenifmentallyorphysicallydisabled.
C.Everyonecandevelophisteamspiritinsportsandpleasehisparents.
D.Theresultsofthegameshouldnotbetheonlyconcernoftheplayers.
本篇文章是一篇关于爱的教育的故事。
一位父亲鼓励帮助自己心智和身体残疾的儿子,和正常人一样参与棒球运动,并且得到同伴的认可。
文章富有教育意义。
1.细节题。
根据题干关键词定位到文章第一段,but处出题,最后一句”itwouldgivehimamuch-neededsenseofbelongingandsomeconfidence”得出答案D为正确选项。
2.细节题。
答案在原文第五段surprisingly处,显示了一种转折。
在上一段讲了Shay的团队赢分了,在上文eventhough点出尽管他没有一个球是他进的,但他仍然感到很喜悦。
在第五段文章说他被伙伴们同意进入了最后一局。
可见答案B是正确的,所有人都希望能够帮助他成功。
3.细节题。
根据题干将关键词定位到第七段”thesmallestguyontheirteam”,这是个长难句,who引导了一个非限制性定语从句,他本可以成为比赛最后的hero,可but点出了转折,他明白pitcher的意图并且帮助了Shay的成功。
可见答案A正确。
4.推断题。
题干问下面哪一项是和Shay的成功无关的。
文章第八段最后说众人喊道:
“Shay,runhome”,当他runhome之后,我们看到结果是他成功了,他成为了Hero,可见没有任何人在这个时候阻止了他。
可见C选项是与他的成功无关的,为正确选项。
5.主旨大意题。
文章处处渗透了球队人与人之间的相互尊重,因此A选项包容性最大,B,C,D都是很片面的。
【2016年沈阳市高中三年级教学质量监测
(一)】阅读理解。
阅读下面短文,选择最佳答案填空。
B
ItwasacoldnightinWashington,D.C.,andIwasheadingbacktothehotelwhenamanapproachedme.Heaskedmeforsomemoneysohecouldgetsomethingtoeat.I’dreadthesigns:
“Don’tgivemoneytobeggars.”SoIshookmyheadandkeptmarching.
Iwasn’tpreparedforareply,buthesaid,“IreallyamhomelessandIreallyamhungry!
Youcancomewithmeandwatchmeeat!
”ButIkeptonmarching.
Theincidentbotheredmefortherestoftheweek.Ihadmoneyinmypocketanditwouldn’thavekilledmetohandoveradollarortwoevenifhehadbeenlying.Onafreezingcoldnight,Istillassumedtheworstofafellowhumanbeing.
FlyingbacktoAnchorage,Icouldn’thelpthinkingofhim.Itriedtoseekexcusesformyfailuretohelpbyassuminggovernmentagencies,churchesandcharitiesweretheretofeedhim.Besides,you’renotsupposedtogivemoneytobeggars.
SomewhereoverSeattle,IstartedtowritemyweeklygardencolumnforTheAnchorageDailyNews.Outoftheblue,Icameupwithanidea.Bean’sCafe,thesoupkitcheninAnchorage,feedshundredsofhungryAlaskanseveryday.WhynottrytogetallmyreaderstoplantonerowintheirgardensdevotedtoBean’s?
Beforelongmyideatookoff.Peoplewouldfaxmeorcallwhentheytooksomethingin.Thosewhoonlygrewflowersdonatedthem.Foodforthespirit.Andreliefformyconscience.
AsmoreandmorepeoplestartedworkingwiththePlantaRowconcept,manycompaniesgavefreeseedstocustomersanddisplayedthelogo,whichalsoaroseinnationalgardeningpublications.RowmarkerswiththePlantaRowlogoweredistributedtogardenerstosetaparttheir“RowfortheHungry”.
ItisunexpectedthatmillionsofAmericansarethreatenedbyhunger.IfeverygardenerinAmerica—andwe’reseventymillionstrong—plantsonerowforthehungry,wecanlowerthenumberofneighborswhodon’thaveenoughtoeat.MaybethenIwillstopfeelingguiltyaboutabandoningahungrymanIcouldhavehelped.
1.Whydidtheauthorturndownthebeggar’srequest?
A.Hewaspreviouslyremindednottodoso.
B.Hewaseagertomarchbacktothehotel.
C.Hethoughtthatitwasbeyondhisduty.
D.Hewasshortofmoneyatthatmoment.
2.Whichofthefollowingistheclosesttotheunderlinedphrase“tookoff”(Paragraph6)?
A.Weeventuallytookoffat11o’clockandlandedinSeattlesafely.
B.Totakeoffpounds,youhavetocutdownthenumberofcalories.
C.Onhearingthenews,hetookoffatonceandheadedbacktothehotel.
D.Hisbusinesshasreallytakenoffowingtohisadvancedmanagement.
3.