工业设计外文翻译从生产绿色办公家具到提供可持续的办公环境服务节选.docx

工业设计外文翻译从生产绿色办公家具到提供可持续的办公环境服务节选.docx

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工业设计外文翻译从生产绿色办公家具到提供可持续的办公环境服务节选

中文5100字，2700单词，15700英文字符

出处：

BoughnimN,YannouB,BertoluciG,etal.FromManufacturingGreenOfficeFurnituretoprovidingSustainableWorkplaceServices:

Anecessarychangeinpractices,toolsandapproaches[C]//2005.

本科生毕业设计（论文）

英语翻译

论文题目：

姓名：

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专业：

工业设计

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FromManufacturingGreenOfficeFurnituretoprovidingSustainableWorkplaceServices:

Anecessarychangeinpractices,toolsandapproaches

NabilBoughnim1,BernardYannou,GwenolaBertoluci,CatherineGall,AndréMalsch

Abstract：

AworldleadercompanyinofficefurniturelikeSteelcaseismovingitsbusinessfrommanufacturingphysicalproductstowardmoreintegratedsolutionsforworkenvironment.Throughthisnewstrategy,thiscompanyaimstodevelopanewbusinesswhichmakespossibletosatisfythevariousneedsofcustomerandworkspaceusers,toanticipatethefuturetendencies,organizationalandculturalchangesinworkandtobeincompliancewithsustainabilityrecommendations.TheobjectiveofthispaperistofeatureSteelcaseCompanywithinitsactualcompetingsituation,tocharacterizefromadesignpointofview,itsknow-how,itsprocessesandtools.Afterthisstatement,westresstheissuesraisedbytheshiftfromacurrentstateofgreenproductoffertosustainableintegratedsolutionsofworkplace.Oneofthemainchallengesistomonitortheemergingperformancesofthedesignalternatives-technical,economical,environmentalandsocial-duringthedesignprocessandtobeabletocommentafewvariantsolutionsinamulticriteriawaytotheclients.Thesuggestedsolutionistoadoptamodelingandcapitalizationapproachforheperformancemeasurementofworkplacesolutions.

Keywords：

ustainability；integratedsolutions；workplaceperformances；eco-indicators,socialperformance；performanceaggregation

1.Introduction

Thecompetitivenessoftheofficefurnitureindustryisstronglyaffectedbytheglobalizationoftradeexchanges.ItisheavilysubjectedtothecompetitionofthelowcostlaborcountrieswhichareabletoofferproductsmuchlessexpensivetotheWesterncustomers.Likeotherindustrialsectors,oneofthekeysforthisindustryistocountonthecreationofdifferentiatedofferstotheirprospectivecustomers.Paralleltothesemarketrends,theconceptofsustainabledevelopmentresultingfromtheBundledreport[5]ismoreandmorearealityincompaniesunderthepressureofauthoritiesandmarketdemand.Thisconcretizationappearsinparticularontheenvironmentalsidebyactionsofcertificationofthesites.Generallythesestepsarewelldevelopedonplantswhereenvironmentalworkiscarriedouttoreducewasteflowsandenvironmentalimpactsofprocesses.However,theseactionsrarelyexistforadministrativeandtertiarybuildings.Thisiswhyadditionalactionsmustthenbeplannedforthiskindofspaceinordertoimprovetheorganizationperformanceandtheworkfunctioningwithintheframeworkofsustainabledevelopment-social,economicandenvironmental-.Therefore,thisnewneedconstitutesarealopportunityforindustriesoftheofficefurnituretocreateanewbusinessandtoproposeanewoffer.Thisnewoffershouldnotbebasedanymoreonthesolesaleofmaterialartifacts（offices,chairs,storage...）butonsystemsincorporatingtheseartifacts,theirplacesandusetermsinordertoproposeoptimizedsolutionsduringthelifespanofthesesystemsaccordingtothethreedimensionsofsustainabledevelopment（economical,environmentalandsocial）.

Inthispaper,weareinterestedintheparticularcaseoftheSteelcasecompanywhosepreviousactionsincondensingofproductsandinadjustmentofworkplacesgivesitasignificantleadagainstitscompetitors.It’sanexemplarycaseofanAmericancompanyestablishedinEuropewhichisaworldleaderinitsdomainofofficefurniture.Weendeavortoindexthedifficultieswithwhichitisconfrontedtoshiftfromthesupplyofproductstotheprovisionofintegratedsolutionintheformofatertiaryworkspace.Beyond,wedescribesometracksofchangetoreachthatpointandtoensureperformanceofworkplace.

First,wepresentSteelcaseCompanyanditsknow-howinworkplacedesign,andthenwedescribethedifficultiesandcomplexitiesrelatedtotheshiftfromproductmanufacturingtoserviceproviding.Finallywepresentourapproachfortheevaluationofworkplaceperformancecomplyingwithsustainabilityissuesandtechnicalrequirements.

2.Economicrealityandcompanystrategy

2.1EconomicandcompetitivesituationofSteelcase

SteelcaseistheworldleaderoftheOfficefurniture;itisalsotheworldleaderinthedesignandtheadjustmentofworkplacesolutions.Ithasmorethan500productlineswhicharesoldthroughanetworkofmorethan800dealersintheworld.Itsproductsaremanufacturedinmorethan35factories.CreatedinMichiganinUSAin1912asamanufacturingcompanyofmetalofficefurniture,ithasbecometodayacompanywhichalsoproposesservicesofconsultinginorganizationandplanningofworkplaces.Ithasmorethan80,000clientcompaniesduringthefivelastyearswithasalesturnoverof2,6billion$in2004.TheEuropeanmarketofofficefurniturepresentsatotalsalesturnoverof7,8billionseurosin2002,whichrecordedafallof19,9%comparedto2001（9,7billionsofeuros）.ThisfallofthesalesturnoverisexplainedbythedeclineoftheinvestmentsinofficefurniturebycompaniesresultingfromthehardeconomicsituationtheselastyearsinparticularintheICTsector.Thismarketsituationgeneratedafallofsalesturnoverfrom6to2,6Billion$.ContrarilytotheAmericanmarketwhere5leadercompaniesrepresentmorethan80%,theEuropeanmarketisveryfragmentedsincethe10leadersoftheEuropeanmarketrepresent30%ofthetotalsalesturnover[3].However,Steelcasehasgainedmarketsharestheselastyearsthroughitsinnovationsonproductsandbythediversificationofitsofferthroughservicesoforganizationandplanningofworkplace.Itsnewuser’sorientedstrategygaveitagoodreputationonthemarket.However,itiscurrentlynoticedthatthemarketischaracterizedbyanincreasingnumberofcompaniesandconsultingagenciesinEuropeprovidingservicesoforganizationandadjustmentofworkspace.Thus,theSteelcaseneworientationtowardsintegratedsolutionsofworkspaceadjustmentisinparticulararesultofthestrongcompetitiononproductbytheAsiancountries（Exp.China）andbytheemergenceofnewcustomerneedsforcustomizedsolutionsfortheirworkplaces.ThissituationwasaleverofactionforSteelcasetoreconsideritsstrategyandthustoacquirenewknowledgethatenablesittoberepositionedonthemarket.

2.2SteelcaseStrategytowardinnovationandsustainabledevelopment

TheSteelcaseCompanyhasanhistoricalknow-howinthemanufactureofofficefurniture.In1974,SteelcasecarriedoutaJoint-venturewiththecompany"Strafor"theFrenchleaderofmanufactureoftheofficefurniture.Later,itacquires100%ofthecapitalofStraforin1999.Steelcasereceiveditfirstpatentin1914forasteelwastebasket--amajorinnovationatatimewhenstrawwastebasketswereamajorofficefirehazard.Steelcasedepositedmorethan1400patentsuntiltoday.Today,Steelcaseportfolioofsolutionsaddressesthethreecoreelementsofanofficeenvironment:

interiorarchitecture,furnitureandtechnology.Steelcaseisacompanystronglyresearchoriented,itapproximatelyinvests46million$inR&Dperyear（6millionforfundamentalresearchand40millionfortheindustrialresearchinproductdevelopment）.Itsresearchprogramsaredevelopedincollaborationwithuniversitieslike"Stanford",the"RoyalCollegeofArts"ofLondon,theTechnicalUniversityofVienna,orwithcompanieslikeIBM,Canon.Steelcasepromotestwovaluesofinnovationandsustainabledevelopmentatastrategiclevelaswellasbyin-depthcommitmentoftheleadership.

Consciousthattheofficefurnitureproducthasastrongenvironmentalimpact,SteelcasedevelopedanEcodesignstrategyforitsofficefurnitureproducts.ThisstrategymadepossibleinterestingresultsinthereductionofenvironmentalimpactsandtheoptimizationofLifeCycleCost.Itdevelopedgreenproductlines（exp:

"THINK"seating）.TheenvironmentalperformanceofthisproductshowstheSteelcaseexpertiselevelinEcodesign.Steelcaseisalsothefirstofficefurnituremanufacturertopublishanenvironmentalproductdeclaration（EPD）.

ThecontributionofSteelcasetosustainabledevelopmentisnotlimitedtothecertificationofitsmanufacturingunits（ISO14001）whichisnowthecaseformostofEuropeanandevenworldSteelcasesites.Itisaquestionofcreatingproductswhichintegrate,inadditiontotheusualcriteriaofquality,ofreliabilityandprice,thepreservationoftheenvironmentandthehealthofindividuals.TheenvironmentalresponsibilityforSteelcaseisreflectedonitsknow-howondesignoftheinnovativeproductswithlowenvironmentalimpact.Thatmeanstomeasureandanalyzetheenvironmentalimpactsofproductsateachlifecyclestage.SteelcaseisthefirstmanufacturerofofficefurnituretoapplytheexpertiseofLifeCycleAnalysis（LCA）inthedesignofnewproducts.TheLifeCycleAnalysisandtheEnvironmentalDeclarationsofProductsarecarriedoutbySteelcaseincollaborationwithresearchlaboratories.TheresultofLCAisthencheckedbymeansofacriticalre-examinationonbehalfofFrenchresearchinstitute.Steelcasealsocollaborateswith"McDonoughBraungartDesignChemistry"instituteformaterialsanalysis.

Themattersareanalyzedinaccordancewitharigorouscontrolsprotocol,onlytheproductsconsideredr