四级听力原文.docx
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四级听力原文
NewsReport1
TheInternationalLaborOrganizationsaysthenumberofpeoplewithoutjobsisincreasing.Initslatestupdateonglobalemploymenttrends,theagencysaysprojectionsofthenumberofunemployedpeoplethisyearrangefrom210milliontonearly240millionpeople.Thereportwarnsthat200millionpoorworkersareatriskofjoiningtheranksofpeoplelivingonlessthan2dollarsperdayinthepastthreeyears.ThedirectorgeneraloftheInternationalLaborOrganizationJuanSomavianotesthatsomecountrieshavetakenmeasurestoaddresstheeffectsoftheglobalcrisis.
However,hepointsoutthatmanycountrieshavenotdoneso.Andbasedonpastexperiences,ittakesfourtofiveyearsaftereconomicrecoveryforunemploymenttoreturntopre-crisislevels.Mr.SomaviasaystheInternationalLaborOrganizationisproposingaglobaljobs'agreementtodealwithunemployment.'It'skeyobjectiveistoplaysothecenterofrecoveryefforts,measuresthatwouldgeneratehighlevelsofemploymentandprovidebasicsocialprotectionforthemostvulnerable.'
Q1.Whatisthenewsreportmainlyabout?
Q2.Whatdoes,JuanSomavia,thedirectorgeneraloftheInternationalLaborOrganizationsay?
NewsReport2
BigfastfoodchainsinNewYorkCityhavestartedtoobeyafirstofitskindrule,requiringthemtopostcaloriecountsrightonthemenu.CathyNursesiswiththeNewYorkCitydepartmentofhealth,'Wewantedtogivepeopleanopportunitytoactuallyseethecaloriesbeforetheypurchasedthefoodandmakeadecisionandinformdecision.Thatiftheywanttomaketheirhealthierchoice,iftheywanttoeatfewercaloriestheycan.Andweexpectthiswillhaveahugeimpactonobesity.Andofcourse,ifithasanimpactonobesity,itwillhaveanimpactondiabetesandheartdiseaseandhighbloodpressure.'Thenewruleswillintroduceasapartofanti-obesitycampaign.Thatalsoincludesarecentcitywidebanandartificialtrans-fatsinrestaurantfood.Themenurollonlyappliestorestaurantsthatservestandardizedpotionsizesandhavefiftymorelocationsnationwide.StartinglastSaturday,chainsbigenoughtofallundertherulewillfacepenaltiesabout2000dollarsfornotshowingcalorieinformationinaprominentspotontheirmenuspreferablynexttotheprice.
Q3.WhatarebigfastfoodchainsinNewYorkCityrequiretodoaccordingtothenewrule?
Q4.Whatwouldhappentobigrestaurantchainsthatviolatethenewrule?
NewsReport3
Almostallcompaniesrecognizetheimportanceofinnovationtoday.Butnotmanyareabletointegrateinnovationintotheirbusiness.
AcommentaryintheShanghaiDailypointsoutthatinnovationdoesn'tmeanpilesofdocuments.Itissomethingmorepractical.Thearticlesaysmanypeopletendtoassumethatinnovationjustmeanscreatingsomethingnew,butactuallyit'smorethanthat.It'sanattitudeofdoingthings.Acompanyshouldfindwaystoinnovatenotjustinproductsbutalsoinfunctions,businessmodelsandprocesses.
ThearticlecitestheglobalgiantProcter&Gambleasanexample,sayingarealinnovativecompanyshoulddevelopaninnovationcultureanduseitasaprimarytoolforsuccess.Procter&Gamblehasa“CorporateInnovationFund”whichoffersbigrewardsforhigh-riskideasthatsucceed.Italsohasaspecialinnovationfacilityforitsemployees.Sometimesitsemployeesarereleasedfromtheirdailyjobsforweeksandspendtheirtimeinteractingintheinnovationfacilityinstead.Inconclusion,thearticlesaysinnovativeideasalonedonotensuresuccess.It'spointlessunlessthereisarepeatableprocessinplacetoturninspirationintofinancialperformance.
Q5.Whatistheproblemwithmanycompaniesaccordingtothenewsreport?
Q6.Whatdomanypeopletendtothinkofinnovation?
Q7.WhatdoesthecompanyProcter&Gambleoweitssuccessto?
ConversationOne
M:
So,Linzy,doyouliketotextmessageonyourcellphone?
W:
Yeah,Itextmessagealot.
M:
Idon'tdoitsomuch.IprefertomakeacallifI'minahurry.
W:
Yeah,Igobothways.SometimesIdon’treallywanttotalktotheperson.Ijustwanttoaskthemonequestion,soit'smucheasierformejusttotextmessage.IfIcallthem,I'llhavetohavealongconversation.
M:
Yeah,Icanseewhatyoumean.ButIgetoffthephoneprettyquicklywhenIcall.I'mnotabigtalker.
W:
Yeah,that'strue.Youdon'ttalkalot.
M:
Soareyoufastatwritingthemessageswithyourthumb?
W:
Well,whenIfirstgotacellphone,Iwassoslow.IthoughtIwouldnevertextmessage.Butthenpeoplekepttextmessagingme,soIfeltobligedtolearnhowtotextmessage.SonowI'mprettyfast.Whataboutyou?
M:
ActuallyIhavetheoppositeproblem.WhenIfirstgotmycellphone,Ithoughtitwassocooltotextmessageallmyfriendswhohaveone,andIwasprettyfastwithmythumbthen.ButitseemslikenowIdon'tuseitsomuch,I'vegotsloweractually.
W:
Yeah,Ithinktextmessagingactuallyiswhatyouhavetodowithyourage.Forexample,peopleinhighschool,theytextmessagealot.ButIaskmyfatherifhetextedmessages,andguesswhathesaid?
M:
What?
W:
Hesaidhe'dnevertextmessage.Hethinksit'sverychildishandunprofessionaltotextmessage.
M:
Yeah,Icanseewhathemeans.It'sconsideredprettyinformaltotextmessagetosomeone.
Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyou'vejustheard.
Q8:
Whatdoesthemansayabouthimself?
Q9:
Whatdoesthewomantendtodowhilesheisonthephone?
Q10:
Whydidthemantextmessageallhisfriendswhenhefirstgothiscellphone?
Q11:
Whatdoesthewoman'sfatherthinkoftextmessaging?
ConversationTwo
W:
Goodmorning,Mr.Johnson.HowcanIhelpyou?
M:
Well,I'dliketotalktoyouaboutTimBond,thedepartmentmanager.
W:
Whatseemstobetheproblem?
M:
Well,eversinceSandraleftthedepartment,IfeellikeI'vebeentargetedtodoallherworkaswellasmine.I'mexpectedtoattendtoomanymeetingsandIseemtobespendingalotofmytimedoingunnecessarypaperwork.
W:
I'msorrytohearthat.
M:
And,ontopofthat,I'dspecificallyaskedifIcouldleaveearlylastFridayasIdonealotofovertimeduringtheweek.Butthatafternoon,eventhoughI'dfinishedmyassignedwork,Iwastoldtohelpothercolleaguesfinishtheirwork,too.
W:
Butsurelythat'sapositivesignshowingthatMr.Bondhasalotoftrustinyou.
M:
Yes,butothercolleaguesgettoleaveearly,andtheydon'thavesuchalotofworktodo.
W:
Soyoufeelhe'sreallymakingunrealisticdemandsonyou?
M:
Yes,absolutely.
W:
HaveyouapproachedMr.Bondaboutthisparticularproblem?
M:
I'vetried,butitseemslikehejusthasnotimeforme.
W:
Well,atthisstage,itwouldbebetterifyouapproachedhimdirectly.Ifnothingelseshowingthatyou'vetriedtosolvetheproblemyourselfbeforeyoutakeitfurther.Makesitclearthatyou'rejustnotacomplainer.Whydon'tyousendanemailrequestingameetingwithhiminprivate?
M:
Hmm,I'vebeenabitworriedabouthisreaction.ButanywayI'llsendhimanemailtorequestameeting,andI'llseewhathappensfromthere.Thanksforyouradvice.
W:
Goodluck.Andletusknowtheoutcome.
Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyou'vejustheard.
Q12.Whatdowelearnaboutthemanfromtheconversation?
Q13.Whatistheman'schiefcomplaint?
Q14.Howdoesthewomaninterpretthefactthatthemanwasaskedtohelphiscolleagueswiththeirwork?
Q15.Whatdidthewomanadvisethemantodo?
Passages
PassageOne
Themassivedeclineinsleephappenedsoslowlyandquietlythatfewseemedtonoticethetrend.WasitbecauseofthegrowingattractionoftheInternet,videogamesandendlessTVchannels?
Neverdisconnectingfromwork?
Nomatterhowithappened,millionsofAmericansareputtingtheirhealth,qualityoflifeandevenlengthoflifeindanger.
Newevidenceshowswhygettingenoughsleepisatoppriority.Some40%ofAmericansgetlessthan7hoursofshut-eyeonweeknights."Thelinkbetweensleepandhealth,andbadsleepanddiseaseisbecomingclearerandclearer."saysLawrenceAlberstaine,asleepexpertatHarvardUniversity.Forexample,sleepdurationhasdeclinedfromsome8hoursinthe1950sto7inrecentyears.Atthesametime,highbloodpressurehasbecomeanincreasingproblem.Bloodpressureandheartratearetypicallyattheirlowestlevelsduringsleep.Peoplewhosleeplesstendtohavehigherbloodpressure,heartattack,diabetes,weightgainandotherproblems.
Sleepingbettermayhelpfightoffillness."Whenpeoplearesleep-derived,therearehigherlevelsofstresshormonesintheirbodieswhichcandecreaseimmunefunction."saysDoctorFelice,ofNorthwesternUniversityinChicago.AuniversityofChicagostudyshowspeoplewhosleepwelllivelonger.Sosaygoodnightsooneranditmayhelpyoustayactiveandvitaltoaripeoldage.
Q16.Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?
Q17.Whatdowelearnfromthetalkabouttoday'sAmericans?
Q18.Whatdoesthespeakersaywillhappentopeoplewholacksleep?
PassageTwo
Parentsandteacherswilltellyounottoworrywhenapplyingforaplaceatauniversity.Butinthesamebreathwillremindyouthatitisthemostimportantdecisionofyourlife.
Thefirstdecisionisyourchoiceofcourse.Itwilldependonwhatyouwanttogetoutofuniversity,whatyouaregoodatandwhatyouenjoy.Thenextdecisioniswheretoapply.Aimhighbutwithinreason.Doyouhavetherightcombinationofsubjectsandareyourexpectedgradeslikelytomeetentryrequirements?
ThedeadlineisJanuary15th.Butitisbesttosubmityourapplicationearlybecauseuniversitiesbeginworkassoonasformsstartrollingin.
Themostimportantpartoftheapplicatio