高中状语从句精讲.docx

高中状语从句精讲.docx

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高中状语从句精讲

状语从句

1状语从句在句中起状语作用，修饰主句的谓语动词，形容词，副词或整个句子。

2状语从句通常由从属连词引导，与主句相连。

3状状语从句放在句首时，常在其后加上逗号；放放在句末时，其前一般不用逗号。

分类

时间状语从句；地点状语从句；原因状语从句；比较状语从句；目的状语从句；结果状语从句；条件状语从句；方式状语从句；让步状语从句。

一时间状语从句

1whenwhileas当……的时候

●When从句可用延续性动词，也可用瞬间动词。

Hewentouttoplaywhenhehadfinishedhishomework..

WhenJohnwentbackhome,theticketswerestillthere.

●While从句需用延续性动词，侧重主句动作与从句动作相对比。

Strikewhiletheironishot.

●As与when相似，侧重强调主从句动作在点或段时间内进行。

Thestudentstooknotesastheylistened.

点拨---延续性动词与结束性动词

延续性动词表示能够延续的动作belearn,work,stand,lie,know,walk,keep,have,wait,watch,sing,read,sleep,live,stay…

延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用，

for+一段时间,for2years;since从句,sincehecamehere;

since+时间点名词,sincelastyear,since5daysago;howlong;foralongtime等。

例:

Hehaslivedherefor6years.Youcankeepthebookfor5days.

Istayedtherefor2weekslastyear.Howlongdidyoustaytherelastyear?

非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词

表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。

open,die,close,begin,finish,come,go,move,borrow,lend,buy…。

非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用，

twoyearsago;at5o'clock;Hedied5yearsago.

否定的终止性动词可以与表示时间段的时间状语连用。

Ihaven'tleftherefor3years.Ihaven'theardfromhimfor3weeks.

2before在……之前；after在……之后；since自从……

●Itwillbe+段时间+beforesb.…表示多久之后才……。

Itwon’tbelongbeforethetermcomestoanend

●Itis/was+一段时间+since…表示自从……有多久了。

Itwasfiveyearssincehecametochina

●Itis/was+时间点+when…表示自从……有多久了。

Itwasfiveyearsago,whenhecametochina

3untiltill直到……才

●主语+谓语（延续性）+until/till+其它表示一直到……为止。

Heremainedthereuntilshearrived

●主语+谓语（延续性和结束性的否定）+until/till+其它表示直到……才。

Hewon’tgotobedtill/untilshereturns

●强调句，itisnotuntil…that…。

Itwasnotuntilthebosscameinthattheybegantowork

●Notuntil放在句首时，主语谓语要部分倒装。

Notuntilmidnightdidhegobackhome

4assoonas,immediately,directly,instantly,nosooner…than…,hardly/barely/scarcely…when...

表示一……就……

●从句用一般现在时代替将来时。

I‘mgoingtotalkwithyouassoonasIfinishmyhomework

●nosooner…than…,hardly/barely/scarcely…when..引导的主句谓语动词用完成时,从句用一般时态。

Nosoonerhadwesetoutthanitbegantorain

●nosooner,hardly/barely/scarcely提到句首时应该用部分倒装语序。

HardlyhadIseenhimwhenIaskedhimaboutthematter

5表示时间名词短语可以引导状语从句。

thetime,themoment,theminute,theday,theyear,thefirsttime,thesecondtime,bythetime,eachtime,everytime,nexttime…

Themomenthecameoutofthecar,Irecognizedatoncewhohewas.

专项练习

1____heheardthis,hegotveryangry.

ImetLucy___Iwaswalkingalongtheriver.

___achild,helivedinthecountryside.

AwhenBwhileCasDwhen/while/as

2Whenwereabouttoleave___itbegantorain

ShethoughtIwastalkingaboutherson,___,infact,Iwastalkingaboutmyson.

HardlyhadIfinishedmycomposition___thebellrang.

AwhenBwhileCasDduring

3Itwillbeyears___wemeetagain.

It’stenyears___Icametothistown.

It’stenyearsago___Icametothistown.

AwhenBthatCbeforeDsince

4___youtalktosomeoneorwriteamessage,youshowyourskillstoothers.

AAttimesBEverytimeCBythetimeDSometime

5ThefieldresearchwilltakeJohnandPaulaboutfivemonths;itwillbealongtime___wemeetthemagain.

AafterBbeforeCsinceDwhen

6Ifeltlikeafishoutofwater___IarrivedintheUSA.

AfirsttimeBforthefirsttimeCthefirsttimeDbythefirsttime

7Thatwasreallyasplendidevening.It’syears___Ienjoyedmyselfsomuch

AwhenBthatCsinceDonce

8Hemadeamistake,butthenhecorrectedthesituation___itgotworse.

AuntilBwhenCbeforeDas

9___timewenton,thewholeforestwasalmostdestroyed.Thegreenhillshavegraduallychangedintowasteland.

AwithBsinceCwhileDas

10–it’salongtime___Ilastsawyou.

--Yes,anditwillbeanothermonth___wecanmeetagain.

Abefore;sinceBwhen;beforeCsince;whenDsince;before

11Thedrivergotoutofthecar___itcaughtfire.

AimmediatelyBthatCunlessDuntil

12___Isawthecomputer,Ishowedgreatinterestinit.

AAtfirstBForthefirsttimeCUntilDThefirsttime

13IknewMrGreen___IknewMrs.Green.

AlongbeforeBbeforelongClongagoDafterlong

14IusuallywatchTVintheevening___Ihavetostudyforanexamination.

AbeforeBsinceCafterDwhen

15I’msorryyou’vebeenwaitingsolong,butit’llstillbesometime___Briangetsback.

AbeforeBsinceCtillDafter

16Thereweresomechairsleftover___everyonehadsatdown.

AwhenBuntilCthatDwhere

17WeoftenwonderwhyMr.Smithwalkstohisoffice___hehasacar.

AwhenBunlessCwhileDif

18Hewastoldthatitwouldbeatleastthreemoremonths___hecouldrecoverandreturntowork.

AwhenBbeforeCsinceDthat

19Itisdifficultforustolearnalessoninlife___we’veactuallyhadthatlesson

AuntilBafterCsinceDwhen

20Howlongdoyousupposeitwillbe___hearrivesatthesmallvillage?

AwhenBbeforeCsinceDafter

原因状语从句

1because，as，since，for.表示……的原因。

●because强调主要原因且不被人知的原因，语气最强；位置，可位于句首，也可位于主句之后；可放在强调结构中Itisbecause…that

Shehastostayathomebecauseshewasill.

●As强调较为明显的原因，语气较because弱；位置，常位于句首。

Asyouobject,I’llchangetheplay

●Since强调明显事实；位置，常位于主句之后。

I’lldoforyousinceyouarebusy.

●For强调推测，语气较弱；位置，总是位于主句之后，且常用逗号与主句隔开。

Itmusthaverainedlastnight,forthegroundiswet.

2nowthat,seeingas,seeingthat,considerthat表示既然…考虑到…

Seeingaswe’regoingthesameway,I’llgiveyouagift.

专项练习

1Itwas___itrainedheavilythattheydidn’tcome

AasBbecauseCforDsince

2Whynotbuyacheaperone,___youdon’thaveenoughmoney?

AsinceBbecauseCforDthough

3___therainhasstopped，let’scontinuetowork.

AForBNowthatCThatDBecause

4DidyoureturnFred’scall?

Ididn’tneedto___I’llseehimtomorrow

AthoughBunlessCwhenDbecause

5TomwasverysadoverthelossofthephotosshehadshotatCanada,___thiswasamemorysheisespeciallytreasured.

AasBifCwhenDwhere

6–MayIgoandplaywithTomthisafternoon,Mum？

--No，youcan’tgoout_____yourhomeworkisbeingdone.

AuntilBsinceCbeforeDif

地点状语从句

Where在……的地方；wherever无论何地

Pleasestaywhereyouare.

WhereverIgo,IwillneverforgetthepromiseImadetoyou.

专项练习

1Thisphotoofminewastaken___stoodthefamousEasternBrightPearlinShanghai.

AinwhichBwhichCthereDwhere

2Inpeace,too,theRedCrossisexceptedtosendhelp___thereishumansuffering.

AwhoeverBhoweverCwhateverDwherever

3Ifyouwanttodotheexperimentagain,you’dbetterbemorecarful___youmadeamistake.

AwhenBwhyCwhereDincase

4–-Thethreadofmykitebrokeanditflewaway.

--Itoldyouitwouldeasilybreak___itwastheweakest.

AwhenBthereCthatDwhere

5You’dbetternotleavethemedicine___kidscangetatit.

AevenifBwhichCwhereDsothat

6Althoughheknowlittleaboutthelargeamountofworkdoneinthefield,hesucceeded___othermorewell-informationexperimentersfailed.

AwhichBwhereCwhatDthat

7____youdecidetospendyourholidays,onethingiscertain,youwillgettoyourdestination,freshandsafe.

AWhateverBWhoeverCWhereverDwhichever

比较状语从句

1同级比较：

as…as与……一样

Heisastallasyouare.

2不同级比较notas/so…as…;…than…

MusicisnotsodifficultasEnglish

Icanrunfasterthanyoucan.

3递进比较the+比较级…the+比较级…结构中第一个是从句，第二个是主句。

在主句中可用陈述性语序也可用倒装语序.

Theharderyou’llpractice,thegreaterprogressyouwillmake.

4倍数比较

●Ais…timesas+adj+asB

●Ais…times+比较级+thanB

●Ais…timesthesize/length/width/heigh/depth+ofB

TomisthreetimesastallasLucy.

专项练习

1Ipaidonly3poundsforthebook,___Iexcepteditwouldcost.

AnotasmanyasBnotsomuchasCnotcheaperthanDnotsoexpensive

2Tenyearsagothepopulationofourvillagewas___thatoftheir.

AastwicelargeasBtwiceaslargeasCtwiceasmuchasDastwicemuchas

3–Haveyougotanyideaforthesummervacation?

--Idon’tmindwherewegot___there’ssun,seaandbeach.

AasifBaslongasCnowthatDinorderthat

4—Doyouhaveaminutes?

I’vegotsomethingtotellyou.

--Ok,___youmakeitshort.

AnowthatBifonlyCaslongasDeverytime

5Beijingischangingtorapidlythatmapsofthecitygooutofdatealmost___theyarepublished.

AafterBonceCassoonasDsince

6Itishardtoavoidmistakes.___youcorrectthemconscientiously,itwillbeallright.

AInthecaseBAslongasCAlthoughDDespite

目的状语从句

sothat=inorderthat以便,forfearthat=lest如果…以防..，that以便…，incase以免…。

1sothat=inorderthat以便……

Hegotupearlyinorderthathecouldgetthereintime.

●在状语从句中常会有助动词may/might/will/would/shall/can/could

Let’stakethefrontseatssothatwemayseeclearly.

●当主句贺从句主语一致时，目的状语可以与表示目的的的不定式或介词短语转换。

We’llsitinthefrontofthehallsothatwecanhearbetter.

2forfearthat=lest以免

Becarefulforfear（that）youshouldbemisunderstood.

3incase以防……

Incasethepolicemancannoticemore,theydidn’tsuspectus.

专项练习

1you’dbettertakesomethingtoreadwhenyougotoseethedoctor___youhavetowait.

AevenifBasifCincaseDinorderthat

2Pleaseremindmeofthemeetingagaintomorrow___Iforget.

AthoughBsothatCincaseDuntil

3Myparentsliveinasmallvillage.Theyalwayskeepcandlesinthehouse___thereisapowerout.

AifBsothatCincaseDsothat

4Idon’tthinkMariawillbedisappointedatthenews,butIwillseeher___sheis.

AasifBsothatCincaseDeventhough

5TheweatherinLondonissochangeablethatpeoplealwaystaketheirumbrellaswiththem___rain.

AforfearthatBincaseofCinspiteofDbecauseof

结果状语从句

That,so,sothat,suchthat,