高中状语从句精讲.docx
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高中状语从句精讲
状语从句
1状语从句在句中起状语作用,修饰主句的谓语动词,形容词,副词或整个句子。
2状语从句通常由从属连词引导,与主句相连。
3状状语从句放在句首时,常在其后加上逗号;放放在句末时,其前一般不用逗号。
分类
时间状语从句;地点状语从句;原因状语从句;比较状语从句;目的状语从句;结果状语从句;条件状语从句;方式状语从句;让步状语从句。
一时间状语从句
1whenwhileas当……的时候
●When从句可用延续性动词,也可用瞬间动词。
Hewentouttoplaywhenhehadfinishedhishomework..
WhenJohnwentbackhome,theticketswerestillthere.
●While从句需用延续性动词,侧重主句动作与从句动作相对比。
Strikewhiletheironishot.
●As与when相似,侧重强调主从句动作在点或段时间内进行。
Thestudentstooknotesastheylistened.
点拨---延续性动词与结束性动词
延续性动词表示能够延续的动作belearn,work,stand,lie,know,walk,keep,have,wait,watch,sing,read,sleep,live,stay…
延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用,
for+一段时间,for2years;since从句,sincehecamehere;
since+时间点名词,sincelastyear,since5daysago;howlong;foralongtime等。
例:
Hehaslivedherefor6years.Youcankeepthebookfor5days.
Istayedtherefor2weekslastyear.Howlongdidyoustaytherelastyear?
非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词
表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。
open,die,close,begin,finish,come,go,move,borrow,lend,buy…。
非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用,
twoyearsago;at5o'clock;Hedied5yearsago.
否定的终止性动词可以与表示时间段的时间状语连用。
Ihaven'tleftherefor3years.Ihaven'theardfromhimfor3weeks.
2before在……之前;after在……之后;since自从……
●Itwillbe+段时间+beforesb.…表示多久之后才……。
Itwon’tbelongbeforethetermcomestoanend
●Itis/was+一段时间+since…表示自从……有多久了。
Itwasfiveyearssincehecametochina
●Itis/was+时间点+when…表示自从……有多久了。
Itwasfiveyearsago,whenhecametochina
3untiltill直到……才
●主语+谓语(延续性)+until/till+其它表示一直到……为止。
Heremainedthereuntilshearrived
●主语+谓语(延续性和结束性的否定)+until/till+其它表示直到……才。
Hewon’tgotobedtill/untilshereturns
●强调句,itisnotuntil…that…。
Itwasnotuntilthebosscameinthattheybegantowork
●Notuntil放在句首时,主语谓语要部分倒装。
Notuntilmidnightdidhegobackhome
4assoonas,immediately,directly,instantly,nosooner…than…,hardly/barely/scarcely…when...
表示一……就……
●从句用一般现在时代替将来时。
I‘mgoingtotalkwithyouassoonasIfinishmyhomework
●nosooner…than…,hardly/barely/scarcely…when..引导的主句谓语动词用完成时,从句用一般时态。
Nosoonerhadwesetoutthanitbegantorain
●nosooner,hardly/barely/scarcely提到句首时应该用部分倒装语序。
HardlyhadIseenhimwhenIaskedhimaboutthematter
5表示时间名词短语可以引导状语从句。
thetime,themoment,theminute,theday,theyear,thefirsttime,thesecondtime,bythetime,eachtime,everytime,nexttime…
Themomenthecameoutofthecar,Irecognizedatoncewhohewas.
专项练习
1____heheardthis,hegotveryangry.
ImetLucy___Iwaswalkingalongtheriver.
___achild,helivedinthecountryside.
AwhenBwhileCasDwhen/while/as
2Whenwereabouttoleave___itbegantorain
ShethoughtIwastalkingaboutherson,___,infact,Iwastalkingaboutmyson.
HardlyhadIfinishedmycomposition___thebellrang.
AwhenBwhileCasDduring
3Itwillbeyears___wemeetagain.
It’stenyears___Icametothistown.
It’stenyearsago___Icametothistown.
AwhenBthatCbeforeDsince
4___youtalktosomeoneorwriteamessage,youshowyourskillstoothers.
AAttimesBEverytimeCBythetimeDSometime
5ThefieldresearchwilltakeJohnandPaulaboutfivemonths;itwillbealongtime___wemeetthemagain.
AafterBbeforeCsinceDwhen
6Ifeltlikeafishoutofwater___IarrivedintheUSA.
AfirsttimeBforthefirsttimeCthefirsttimeDbythefirsttime
7Thatwasreallyasplendidevening.It’syears___Ienjoyedmyselfsomuch
AwhenBthatCsinceDonce
8Hemadeamistake,butthenhecorrectedthesituation___itgotworse.
AuntilBwhenCbeforeDas
9___timewenton,thewholeforestwasalmostdestroyed.Thegreenhillshavegraduallychangedintowasteland.
AwithBsinceCwhileDas
10–it’salongtime___Ilastsawyou.
--Yes,anditwillbeanothermonth___wecanmeetagain.
Abefore;sinceBwhen;beforeCsince;whenDsince;before
11Thedrivergotoutofthecar___itcaughtfire.
AimmediatelyBthatCunlessDuntil
12___Isawthecomputer,Ishowedgreatinterestinit.
AAtfirstBForthefirsttimeCUntilDThefirsttime
13IknewMrGreen___IknewMrs.Green.
AlongbeforeBbeforelongClongagoDafterlong
14IusuallywatchTVintheevening___Ihavetostudyforanexamination.
AbeforeBsinceCafterDwhen
15I’msorryyou’vebeenwaitingsolong,butit’llstillbesometime___Briangetsback.
AbeforeBsinceCtillDafter
16Thereweresomechairsleftover___everyonehadsatdown.
AwhenBuntilCthatDwhere
17WeoftenwonderwhyMr.Smithwalkstohisoffice___hehasacar.
AwhenBunlessCwhileDif
18Hewastoldthatitwouldbeatleastthreemoremonths___hecouldrecoverandreturntowork.
AwhenBbeforeCsinceDthat
19Itisdifficultforustolearnalessoninlife___we’veactuallyhadthatlesson
AuntilBafterCsinceDwhen
20Howlongdoyousupposeitwillbe___hearrivesatthesmallvillage?
AwhenBbeforeCsinceDafter
原因状语从句
1because,as,since,for.表示……的原因。
●because强调主要原因且不被人知的原因,语气最强;位置,可位于句首,也可位于主句之后;可放在强调结构中Itisbecause…that
Shehastostayathomebecauseshewasill.
●As强调较为明显的原因,语气较because弱;位置,常位于句首。
Asyouobject,I’llchangetheplay
●Since强调明显事实;位置,常位于主句之后。
I’lldoforyousinceyouarebusy.
●For强调推测,语气较弱;位置,总是位于主句之后,且常用逗号与主句隔开。
Itmusthaverainedlastnight,forthegroundiswet.
2nowthat,seeingas,seeingthat,considerthat表示既然…考虑到…
Seeingaswe’regoingthesameway,I’llgiveyouagift.
专项练习
1Itwas___itrainedheavilythattheydidn’tcome
AasBbecauseCforDsince
2Whynotbuyacheaperone,___youdon’thaveenoughmoney?
AsinceBbecauseCforDthough
3___therainhasstopped,let’scontinuetowork.
AForBNowthatCThatDBecause
4DidyoureturnFred’scall?
Ididn’tneedto___I’llseehimtomorrow
AthoughBunlessCwhenDbecause
5TomwasverysadoverthelossofthephotosshehadshotatCanada,___thiswasamemorysheisespeciallytreasured.
AasBifCwhenDwhere
6–MayIgoandplaywithTomthisafternoon,Mum?
--No,youcan’tgoout_____yourhomeworkisbeingdone.
AuntilBsinceCbeforeDif
地点状语从句
Where在……的地方;wherever无论何地
Pleasestaywhereyouare.
WhereverIgo,IwillneverforgetthepromiseImadetoyou.
专项练习
1Thisphotoofminewastaken___stoodthefamousEasternBrightPearlinShanghai.
AinwhichBwhichCthereDwhere
2Inpeace,too,theRedCrossisexceptedtosendhelp___thereishumansuffering.
AwhoeverBhoweverCwhateverDwherever
3Ifyouwanttodotheexperimentagain,you’dbetterbemorecarful___youmadeamistake.
AwhenBwhyCwhereDincase
4–-Thethreadofmykitebrokeanditflewaway.
--Itoldyouitwouldeasilybreak___itwastheweakest.
AwhenBthereCthatDwhere
5You’dbetternotleavethemedicine___kidscangetatit.
AevenifBwhichCwhereDsothat
6Althoughheknowlittleaboutthelargeamountofworkdoneinthefield,hesucceeded___othermorewell-informationexperimentersfailed.
AwhichBwhereCwhatDthat
7____youdecidetospendyourholidays,onethingiscertain,youwillgettoyourdestination,freshandsafe.
AWhateverBWhoeverCWhereverDwhichever
比较状语从句
1同级比较:
as…as与……一样
Heisastallasyouare.
2不同级比较notas/so…as…;…than…
MusicisnotsodifficultasEnglish
Icanrunfasterthanyoucan.
3递进比较the+比较级…the+比较级…结构中第一个是从句,第二个是主句。
在主句中可用陈述性语序也可用倒装语序.
Theharderyou’llpractice,thegreaterprogressyouwillmake.
4倍数比较
●Ais…timesas+adj+asB
●Ais…times+比较级+thanB
●Ais…timesthesize/length/width/heigh/depth+ofB
TomisthreetimesastallasLucy.
专项练习
1Ipaidonly3poundsforthebook,___Iexcepteditwouldcost.
AnotasmanyasBnotsomuchasCnotcheaperthanDnotsoexpensive
2Tenyearsagothepopulationofourvillagewas___thatoftheir.
AastwicelargeasBtwiceaslargeasCtwiceasmuchasDastwicemuchas
3–Haveyougotanyideaforthesummervacation?
--Idon’tmindwherewegot___there’ssun,seaandbeach.
AasifBaslongasCnowthatDinorderthat
4—Doyouhaveaminutes?
I’vegotsomethingtotellyou.
--Ok,___youmakeitshort.
AnowthatBifonlyCaslongasDeverytime
5Beijingischangingtorapidlythatmapsofthecitygooutofdatealmost___theyarepublished.
AafterBonceCassoonasDsince
6Itishardtoavoidmistakes.___youcorrectthemconscientiously,itwillbeallright.
AInthecaseBAslongasCAlthoughDDespite
目的状语从句
sothat=inorderthat以便,forfearthat=lest如果…以防..,that以便…,incase以免…。
1sothat=inorderthat以便……
Hegotupearlyinorderthathecouldgetthereintime.
●在状语从句中常会有助动词may/might/will/would/shall/can/could
Let’stakethefrontseatssothatwemayseeclearly.
●当主句贺从句主语一致时,目的状语可以与表示目的的的不定式或介词短语转换。
We’llsitinthefrontofthehallsothatwecanhearbetter.
2forfearthat=lest以免
Becarefulforfear(that)youshouldbemisunderstood.
3incase以防……
Incasethepolicemancannoticemore,theydidn’tsuspectus.
专项练习
1you’dbettertakesomethingtoreadwhenyougotoseethedoctor___youhavetowait.
AevenifBasifCincaseDinorderthat
2Pleaseremindmeofthemeetingagaintomorrow___Iforget.
AthoughBsothatCincaseDuntil
3Myparentsliveinasmallvillage.Theyalwayskeepcandlesinthehouse___thereisapowerout.
AifBsothatCincaseDsothat
4Idon’tthinkMariawillbedisappointedatthenews,butIwillseeher___sheis.
AasifBsothatCincaseDeventhough
5TheweatherinLondonissochangeablethatpeoplealwaystaketheirumbrellaswiththem___rain.
AforfearthatBincaseofCinspiteofDbecauseof
结果状语从句
That,so,sothat,suchthat,