现在完成时态讲解与练习.docx
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现在完成时态讲解与练习
现在完成时态
1.用法:
①过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果:
强调结果
例:
YesterdayIfinishedmyhomework,that’stosay,Ihavefinishedmyhomeworknow.
②过去已经开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态:
强调继续
例:
Ihavelivedheresince1990.
2.现在完成时的构成
have/has+过去分词
3.现在完成时的四个基本句型
肯定句Hehasfinishedthework.一般疑问句Hashefinishedthework?
否定句Hehasnotfinishedthework.两回答Yes,hehas.No,hehasn’t.
特殊疑问句Whathashedone?
4.在下列情形下用现在完成时
1九词语
①already已经肯定句中或句尾例:
Ihavealreadyfoundmypen.=Ihavefoundmypenalready.
②yet已经否定句和疑问句句尾例:
Ihavenotfinishedtheworkyet.
Haveyouboughtacomputeryet?
③ever曾经句中例:
Haveyoueverseenpandas?
④never从不句中例:
IhaveneverbeentoBeijing.
⑤just刚刚句中例:
Ihavejustdonemywork.
⑥before以前句尾例:
Ihaveneverbeentherebefore.
⑦sofar到目前为止例:
Sofarhehaslearnt200words.
⑧howlong多久例:
Howlonghaveyoulivedhere?
⑨howmanytimes多少次
例:
HowmanytimeshashebeentoBeijing?
2两词组
havegoneto去了某地例:
HehasgonetoBeijing(去了北京)
havebeento去过某地例:
HehasbeentoBeijing.(去过北京)
3两结构
fortwomonths
for+一段时间
Jimhaslivedherefor2months.
sincelastyear
since+过去点时间
LucyhasbeeninBeijingsince3yearsago.
since3yearsago
since1990
sincehecamehere
since+过去时态句子
wehavetraveledthreetimessincemyparentscamehome.
IhavetaughtmanystudentsSinceIcametoDingShanmiddleschool.
4如果句子里面没有时间状语,汉语意思能够加“已经”,往往用现在完成时态。
例:
Haveyoulostyourlibrarybook?
你已经弄丢了从图书馆借的那本书吗?
5现在完成时态还常常用于下列句型
Theyhaveplantedmanytreesinthelastfewyears.在过去的几年,他们已经种了很多树。
ThisisthebestbookIhaveeverread.这是我曾经读过的最好的一本书。
ItisthefirsttimeIhaveplayedthecomputergames.这是我第一次玩电脑游戏。
5.在现在完成时中,非延续性性动词不能和一段时间状语连用
例:
Hehasboughtthebookfor3years.(错)
因buy这个一次性动词不能和一段时间for3years连用,改正的办法有五种:
①Hehasboughtthebook..(去掉一段时间for3years)
②Heboughtthebook3yearsago.(改为一般过去时,使句子的意思不变)
③It’s3yearssinceheboughtthebook.=3yearshaspassedsinceheboughtthebook.
(改为固定句型Itis---since---)
⑤Hehashadthebookfor3years.(用延续性动词have/has代替buy)
6.还有其他一次性动词也是这种情况,可参照前面的四种办法改正。
举例如下:
①come/arrive/getto/reach→behere
例:
Ihavecomeherefor3years.(错)改为:
Ihavebeenherefor3years.
②leave/go→beaway
例:
Hehasleftfor3hours.(错)改为:
Hehasbeenawayfor3hours.
③begin/start→beon
例:
Thefilmhasbegunfor3minutes.(错)
改为:
Thefilmhasbeenonfor3minutes.
④open→beopen/close→beclosed
例:
Theshophasopenedfor3years.(错)改为:
Theshophasbeenopenfor3years.
⑤die→bedead
例:
Hisfatherhasdiedfor3years.(错)
改为:
Hisfatherhasbeendeadfor3years.
⑥finish/end→beover
例:
Hehasfinishedtheworkfor3days.(错)
改为:
Theworkhasbeenoverfor3days
⑦join---bein
例:
Ihavejoinedthearmyfor3years.(错)
改为:
Ihavebeeninthearmyfor3years.或Ihavebeenasoldierfor3years.
⑧buy/catch→have/has
例:
Ihaveboughtthebikefor3years.(错)
改为:
Ihavehadthebikefor3years.
例:
Hehascaughtacoldfor3days.(错)改为:
Hehashadacoldfor3days.
⑨borrow→keep
例:
Ihaveborrowedthebookfor3years.(错)
改为:
Ihavekeptthebookfor3years.
还有其它的归纳如下:
break→bebrokengetup→beup
marry→bemarriedbecome→belose→belost
7.延续性动词和终止性动词
①延续性动词:
表示的动作是能延续的动作,这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久的影响。
如:
learnworkstandlieknowwalkkeephavewaitwatchsingreadsleeplive
②终止性动词:
也叫非延续性动词,瞬间动词,一次性动词。
表示的动作不能延续,即动作发生后立即结束,产生某种结果。
在有了某种结果后,动作就不能再继续下去。
如:
leavestartsetoutarrivereachgettobeginstopshutturnoffmarryputputongetupwakefalljoinmeetreceivefinishendcompletebecomecomegodieopenclosebreakgivejumpbuyborrow
8.终止性动词不能和一段时间状语连用。
Hehasdiedforthreedays.(错,终止性动词die不能和一段时间forthreedays连用)
1.过去将来时:
表示对于过去某一时间而言将要发生的动作或存在的状态,常用于宾语从句
例:
Johnsaidthathewouldcomethenextdayifhewasfree.(构成:
would+动词原形)
Johnsaidthathewasgoingtoplanttrees.(构成:
was/weregoingto+动词原形)
2.过去完成时:
由had+过去分词构成。
用法有二:
①过去某一时刻或某一动作之前就已经发生的动作或存在的状态:
即过去的过去
例:
Whenwegottothestation,thetrainhadleft.当我到车站的时候,火车已经离开了。
Bytheendoflastweek,hehadlearnt1000words.到上个星期尾为止,他已经学了1000个单词。
②过去某时间开始,一直延续到过去另一时间为止的动作或状态
例:
HesaidthathehadmadeafewfriendssincehecametoChina.
他说自从他来中国,他已经交了几个朋友。
用所给动词的适当形式填空
1.Thanksalot.It’ssunnyagain.It_______________(rain)foralongtime.
2_____________Mr.Li_______________(live)heresince8yearsold?
3.SinceMr.Licamehere,he_______________(teach)inthisschool.
4.It’sthethirdtimethatI_______________(see)himthismonth.
5.Isyourmotherathome?
------No,she_______________(go)towork.
6.Hermother_______________(become)adoctorin1970.She_______________(work)inthehospitalsince26yearsold.
7.He_______________(teach)Englishheresincewe_______________(see)him5yearsago.
8.Howmanytimes_______________you_______________(be)toBeijing?
------Onlyonce.I_______________(go)theretwoyearsago.
9.I’velostmycat._______________youever_______________(see)itanywhere?
10.Myparentsarenotathome.They_______________(leave)forShanghai.
11.Waithere,please.Thetrain_______________(notarrive)yet.
12.Whereismydictionary?
------LiPing_______________(take)itaway.
13.I_______________(lose)mypen,andI_______________(look)foritnow.
14.I_______________(notsee)suchastrangethingbefore.
15.HejoinedthePartyin1990.He_______________(be)apartymemberfor10years.
16.Howlong______________UncleWang______________(work)inthisfactory?
------Since1995.
17.Sofarthechildren_______________(learn)1,000Englishwords.
18._______________you_______________(mend)yourbike?
------Yes.Imendeditamomentago.
19.I’lltellhimthenewsthatourclass_______________(win)already.
20.She_______________(stay)hereforover5years.
21.Theboxisempty.Who_______________(eat)allthecakes?
22.Hehasfoundhisbike.When_______________he_______________(find)it?
23.Hersister_______________(go)toShanghai.She_______________(leave)thismorning.
24.MyfriendWangHaioften_______________(swim)intheriver.
25.Theteacher_______________(reach)Beijingtwodaysago.
每处划线中有错误,在题后改正
1.Jimhasboughtthebookforjust3days.
2.UncleWanghasdiedfor3years.
3.IhavegonetoBeijingthreetimes.
4.Jimisn’there.HehasbeentoBeijing.Hewenttherethismorning.
5.Shehaslivedtheresince8years.
6.Hashebeenateacherfor1990?
7.Ilivedheresince3monthsago.
8.Haveyoufinishedtheworkyet?
------Yes,Idid.
9.Jim’sbrothershasmademanykindsofkites.
10.Hehastakedthebooksaway.
按要求句型转换
Katehasalreadyfinishedthehomework.
否定句:
______________________
一般疑问句:
__________________
两回答:
______________________
特殊疑问句:
__________________