现在完成时态讲解与练习.docx

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现在完成时态讲解与练习.docx

现在完成时态讲解与练习

现在完成时态

1.用法:

①过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果:

强调结果

例:

YesterdayIfinishedmyhomework,that’stosay,Ihavefinishedmyhomeworknow.

②过去已经开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态:

强调继续

例:

Ihavelivedheresince1990.

2.现在完成时的构成

have/has+过去分词

3.现在完成时的四个基本句型

肯定句Hehasfinishedthework.一般疑问句Hashefinishedthework?

否定句Hehasnotfinishedthework.两回答Yes,hehas.No,hehasn’t.

特殊疑问句Whathashedone?

4.在下列情形下用现在完成时

1九词语

①already已经肯定句中或句尾例:

Ihavealreadyfoundmypen.=Ihavefoundmypenalready.

②yet已经否定句和疑问句句尾例:

Ihavenotfinishedtheworkyet.

Haveyouboughtacomputeryet?

③ever曾经句中例:

Haveyoueverseenpandas?

④never从不句中例:

IhaveneverbeentoBeijing.

⑤just刚刚句中例:

Ihavejustdonemywork.

⑥before以前句尾例:

Ihaveneverbeentherebefore.

⑦sofar到目前为止例:

Sofarhehaslearnt200words.

⑧howlong多久例:

Howlonghaveyoulivedhere?

⑨howmanytimes多少次

例:

HowmanytimeshashebeentoBeijing?

2两词组

havegoneto去了某地例:

HehasgonetoBeijing(去了北京)

havebeento去过某地例:

HehasbeentoBeijing.(去过北京)

3两结构

fortwomonths

for+一段时间

Jimhaslivedherefor2months.

sincelastyear

since+过去点时间

LucyhasbeeninBeijingsince3yearsago.

since3yearsago

since1990

sincehecamehere

since+过去时态句子

wehavetraveledthreetimessincemyparentscamehome.

IhavetaughtmanystudentsSinceIcametoDingShanmiddleschool.

4如果句子里面没有时间状语,汉语意思能够加“已经”,往往用现在完成时态。

例:

Haveyoulostyourlibrarybook?

你已经弄丢了从图书馆借的那本书吗?

5现在完成时态还常常用于下列句型

Theyhaveplantedmanytreesinthelastfewyears.在过去的几年,他们已经种了很多树。

ThisisthebestbookIhaveeverread.这是我曾经读过的最好的一本书。

ItisthefirsttimeIhaveplayedthecomputergames.这是我第一次玩电脑游戏。

5.在现在完成时中,非延续性性动词不能和一段时间状语连用

例:

Hehasboughtthebookfor3years.(错)

因buy这个一次性动词不能和一段时间for3years连用,改正的办法有五种:

①Hehasboughtthebook..(去掉一段时间for3years)

②Heboughtthebook3yearsago.(改为一般过去时,使句子的意思不变)

③It’s3yearssinceheboughtthebook.=3yearshaspassedsinceheboughtthebook.

(改为固定句型Itis---since---)

⑤Hehashadthebookfor3years.(用延续性动词have/has代替buy)

6.还有其他一次性动词也是这种情况,可参照前面的四种办法改正。

举例如下:

①come/arrive/getto/reach→behere

例:

Ihavecomeherefor3years.(错)改为:

Ihavebeenherefor3years.

②leave/go→beaway

例:

Hehasleftfor3hours.(错)改为:

Hehasbeenawayfor3hours.

③begin/start→beon

例:

Thefilmhasbegunfor3minutes.(错)

改为:

Thefilmhasbeenonfor3minutes.

④open→beopen/close→beclosed

例:

Theshophasopenedfor3years.(错)改为:

Theshophasbeenopenfor3years.

⑤die→bedead

例:

Hisfatherhasdiedfor3years.(错)

改为:

Hisfatherhasbeendeadfor3years.

⑥finish/end→beover

例:

Hehasfinishedtheworkfor3days.(错)

改为:

Theworkhasbeenoverfor3days

⑦join---bein

例:

Ihavejoinedthearmyfor3years.(错)

改为:

Ihavebeeninthearmyfor3years.或Ihavebeenasoldierfor3years.

⑧buy/catch→have/has

例:

Ihaveboughtthebikefor3years.(错)

改为:

Ihavehadthebikefor3years.

例:

Hehascaughtacoldfor3days.(错)改为:

Hehashadacoldfor3days.

⑨borrow→keep

例:

Ihaveborrowedthebookfor3years.(错)

改为:

Ihavekeptthebookfor3years.

还有其它的归纳如下:

break→bebrokengetup→beup

marry→bemarriedbecome→belose→belost

7.延续性动词和终止性动词

①延续性动词:

表示的动作是能延续的动作,这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久的影响。

如:

learnworkstandlieknowwalkkeephavewaitwatchsingreadsleeplive

②终止性动词:

也叫非延续性动词,瞬间动词,一次性动词。

表示的动作不能延续,即动作发生后立即结束,产生某种结果。

在有了某种结果后,动作就不能再继续下去。

如:

leavestartsetoutarrivereachgettobeginstopshutturnoffmarryputputongetupwakefalljoinmeetreceivefinishendcompletebecomecomegodieopenclosebreakgivejumpbuyborrow

8.终止性动词不能和一段时间状语连用。

Hehasdiedforthreedays.(错,终止性动词die不能和一段时间forthreedays连用)

1.过去将来时:

表示对于过去某一时间而言将要发生的动作或存在的状态,常用于宾语从句

例:

Johnsaidthathewouldcomethenextdayifhewasfree.(构成:

would+动词原形)

Johnsaidthathewasgoingtoplanttrees.(构成:

was/weregoingto+动词原形)

2.过去完成时:

由had+过去分词构成。

用法有二:

①过去某一时刻或某一动作之前就已经发生的动作或存在的状态:

即过去的过去

例:

Whenwegottothestation,thetrainhadleft.当我到车站的时候,火车已经离开了。

Bytheendoflastweek,hehadlearnt1000words.到上个星期尾为止,他已经学了1000个单词。

②过去某时间开始,一直延续到过去另一时间为止的动作或状态

例:

HesaidthathehadmadeafewfriendssincehecametoChina.

他说自从他来中国,他已经交了几个朋友。

 

用所给动词的适当形式填空

1.Thanksalot.It’ssunnyagain.It_______________(rain)foralongtime.

2_____________Mr.Li_______________(live)heresince8yearsold?

3.SinceMr.Licamehere,he_______________(teach)inthisschool.

4.It’sthethirdtimethatI_______________(see)himthismonth.

5.Isyourmotherathome?

------No,she_______________(go)towork.

6.Hermother_______________(become)adoctorin1970.She_______________(work)inthehospitalsince26yearsold.

7.He_______________(teach)Englishheresincewe_______________(see)him5yearsago.

8.Howmanytimes_______________you_______________(be)toBeijing?

------Onlyonce.I_______________(go)theretwoyearsago.

9.I’velostmycat._______________youever_______________(see)itanywhere?

10.Myparentsarenotathome.They_______________(leave)forShanghai.

11.Waithere,please.Thetrain_______________(notarrive)yet.

12.Whereismydictionary?

------LiPing_______________(take)itaway.

13.I_______________(lose)mypen,andI_______________(look)foritnow.

14.I_______________(notsee)suchastrangethingbefore.

15.HejoinedthePartyin1990.He_______________(be)apartymemberfor10years.

16.Howlong______________UncleWang______________(work)inthisfactory?

------Since1995.

17.Sofarthechildren_______________(learn)1,000Englishwords.

18._______________you_______________(mend)yourbike?

------Yes.Imendeditamomentago.

19.I’lltellhimthenewsthatourclass_______________(win)already.

20.She_______________(stay)hereforover5years.

21.Theboxisempty.Who_______________(eat)allthecakes?

22.Hehasfoundhisbike.When_______________he_______________(find)it?

23.Hersister_______________(go)toShanghai.She_______________(leave)thismorning.

24.MyfriendWangHaioften_______________(swim)intheriver.

25.Theteacher_______________(reach)Beijingtwodaysago.

每处划线中有错误,在题后改正

1.Jimhasboughtthebookforjust3days.

2.UncleWanghasdiedfor3years.

3.IhavegonetoBeijingthreetimes.

4.Jimisn’there.HehasbeentoBeijing.Hewenttherethismorning.

5.Shehaslivedtheresince8years.

6.Hashebeenateacherfor1990?

7.Ilivedheresince3monthsago.

8.Haveyoufinishedtheworkyet?

------Yes,Idid.

9.Jim’sbrothershasmademanykindsofkites.

10.Hehastakedthebooksaway.

按要求句型转换

Katehasalreadyfinishedthehomework.

否定句:

______________________

一般疑问句:

__________________

两回答:

______________________

特殊疑问句:

__________________

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