阅读理解训练findingthemainidea.docx

阅读理解训练findingthemainidea.docx

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阅读理解训练findingthemainidea

FindingtheMainIdea:

theauthor'smessage

aboutthetopic.

Wherearethemainideasfound

Itiseasytoidentifyamainideathatis

directlyexpressedinthetext.

Mainideasareoftenfoundatthe

beginningofparagraphs.Thefirstsentenceoftenexplainsthesubjectbeingdiscussedinthepassage.

Mainideasarealsofoundinthe

concludingsentencesofaparagraph.Themainideacanbeexpressedasasummationoftheinformationintheparagraphaswellasalinktotheinformationinthenextparagraph.

Themainideaisnotalwaysclearlystated.Itismoredifficulttoidentifyamainideawhenitisinferredorimplied.Itcanbeimpliedthroughotherwordsintheparagraph.Animpliedmainideacanbefoundinseveralways.

Severalsentencesinaparagraphcan

implythemainideabyintroducingfactsaboutthetopicbeforeactuallystatingthetopic.

Impliedideascanbedrawnfromfacts,reasons,orexamplesthatgivehintsorsuggestionsconcerningthemainidea.Thesehintswillbecluesleadingyoutodiscoverthemainideaintheselectedtext.

Trythepassagebelowtoseeifyoucanpickoutthemainidea.

"Tomanyparents,theinfant'scrying

maybemainlyanirritation,especiallyifitcontinuesforlongperiods.Butcryingservesimportantfunctionsforthechildaswellasfortheparents.Forthechild,cryinghelpsimprovelungcapacityandtherespiratorysystem.Perhapsmoreimportant,thecryservesasasignalofdistress.Whenbabiescry,theyindicatethattheyarehungryorinpain,andthisisimportantinformationforparents."

Usethehintsbelowtodeterminethecorrect

mainideaofthisparagraph.

Afterreadingaparagraphask,"Whatpointis

theauthormakinginthispassage"

Askthefollowingquestions:

HowcanIdetermineifIhaveselectedthecorrectmainideaofaparagraph

Ifyouareabletosummarizetheinformationinthepassageinyourownwords,youhaveabsorbedthecorrectmainidea.Toaccomplishthisgoal,trythestepslistedbelowafterreadingashortsectionofyourtextbook.

Writeashortsummaryinyourownwordsaboutwhatyouhaveread.

Doesyoursummaryagreewiththis

generaltopic

Doesyoursummarycontainthesameideasbeingexpressedbytheauthor

Couldyouwriteaheadline（or

textbooksubheading）thatwouldexpressyoursummaryinlessthanfivewords

Themainideasentenceofaparagraphtellswhattheparagraphisabout.Theothersentencesaredetails.Readthestoryandfindthemainidea.

1.Whenyoutakea

multiple-choicetest,doyoueverchangeyouranswersSomescientiststhinkthat

itisasmartthingtodo.Theyfoundoutthatmoststudentswhochangetheiranswersmaketherightdecisionandmakebetterscoresontheirtests.

Thestorymainlytells

howtostudyfortests

what

scientists

think

about

answers

how

toscore

better

ona

multiple-choicetest

whichanswerstochangeonatest

2.Becauselambsaresometimeseatenbycoyotes,ranchersmayhuntor

trapthecoyotes.However,killingcoyotesmayupsetnature'sbalanee.

Scientistshavefoundawaytoprotectsheepwithoutkillingcoyotes.Coyotesarefedlambmeattreatedwithadrug.

Whentheyeatthemeat,theygetsick.

Later,coyoteswon'tevengonearlambs.They'llhuntrabbitsinstead.

Thisstorymainlytells

whycoyotespreferrabbitstolambswhykillingcoyotesupsets

nature'sbalanee

howscientistsprotectsheepandcoyotes

whatkindofpeopledon'tlikecoyotes

3.DollyMadisonwasthewifeofPresidentJamesMadison.Shewasquite

abraveFirstLady.WhentheWhiteHouseburneddown,Dollyrescuedimportantgovernmentpapers.ShealsosavedtheportraitofGeorgeWashingtonthathangsintheEastRoomtoday.

Thisstorymainlytells

whoDollyMadison'shusbandwashowtheWhiteHouseburneddownaboutDolleyMadison'scourageousacts

wheretheportraitofGeorgeWashingtonhangs

4.Everyyearhungrydeerdo

millionsofdollars'worthofdamageto

youngpinetrees.Scientistsin

Washingtonhavefoundawaytoprotectthetrees.Theyuseasubstaneecalledselenium.Seleniumproducesabadsmellwhendissolved.Abitofthiselementisputinthegroundneartrees.Raindissolvestheselenium,andthetreesabsorbit.Thebadsmellkeepsthedeerawayuntilthetreesarefullygrown.

Thisstorymainlytells

howmuchdamagedeerdototrees

howtreescanbeprotectedfromdeer

whatseleniumis

whydeereatpinetrees

5.Inreallife,rattlesnakestry

toavoidpeopleandseldomattack.Mostpeoplearebittenonlyaftertheysteponthesesnakes.Arattlesnakemaynoteveninjectitspoisonwhenitbites.Infact,moreAmericansdiefrominsectstingsthanfromsnakebites!

thewindshielddoesn'tbreakwhenthe

rubberchickenhitsit,thedesigners

knowthattheglasscanwithstandthe

forceofarealcrash.

Thisstorymainlytells

whybirdscanbedangeroustoairplanes

howachickcannontestsglass

howbigabirdhastobetodamage

anairplane

Thisstorymainlytells

howthechickencannonworks

howrattlesnakes

aren'tas

dangerousaseveryonebelieves

7.Thediamondisahardelement

whyinsectskillpeoplethatcancutthroughalmostanymetal.

whenrattlesnakesusetheirpoisonhowsnakesbite

6.Imaginetestingglassby

throwingchickensatitSometimesfastmovingairplanesflythroughflocksofbirds.Ifthebirdshitthewindshieldofaplane,theglasscouldshatterandcauseacrash.Airplanemanufacturershavemadeachickencannonthatfiresrubberchickensatglasswindshields.If

Thatiswhyitisoftenusedforindustrialpurposes.Wholediamond

stonesaresetintotools.Dustfrom

crusheddiamondstonesisusedforcoatingtheedgesoftools.Caremustbetakenwhenexposingdiamondstoextremeheatbecauseheatcanturntheminto

graphite.Graphiteisthesoftmaterialusedinthemanufactureofleadforpencils.

Thisstorymainlytells

howtoturnadiamondintoagraphite

howdiamondsareusedinindustryhowdiamonddustcoatstooledgeswhendiamondsareusedinpencils

8.AlfredNobelinventeddynamite

tohelpbuilders,butitwasusedforwar,whichmadehimfeelveryguiltyaboutthemisuseofhisinvention.Hewasarichman,sohesetupa$9millionfund.Today

thefundisusedtorewardpeoplewhohaveimprovedhumanlife.NobelPrizesareawardedinsixfields,including

peace,medicine,andchemistry.

Thisstorymainlytells

whattheNobelPrizesareawarded

for

whyNobelfoundedtheNobelPrize

fund

howmuchmoneywassetasideforrewards

whatinventionAlfredNobel

created

9.ThetemperatureofAntartica

oncefellto128degreesbelowzeroFahrenheit.Inthesummertime,temperaturesaveragewellbelowfreezing.Mostofthelandiscovered

withicethatisupto2milesthick.Onlyafewstrongmossesandsturdyspiderscanliveonthisbigblockofice.Sinceverylittlesnoworrainfallsthere,

Antarticaisadesert.

Thisstorymainlytells

aboutadesertwithextremelycoldtemperatures

whichplantsandinsectslivein

Antartica

howmuchsnowandrainfallthere

howlowthetemperatureoncefell

10.TheMarineshadaproblemin

WorldWarII.Ordersweresentincode,buttheenemykeptlearningthecode.

otherpeoplecouldspeakNavajo,this

Nothingcouldbekeptsecret.ThensomeonethoughttheNavajosoldierscouldhelptheMarines.Sinceveryfew

Ianguagewasusedasacode.NooneontheenemysideknewNavajo,sothemessagesstayedsecret.

Thisstorymainlytells

howNavajopeoplekeptsecrets

whenthesecretcodewasused

howtheMarinesusedNavajoasa

code

whytheoriginalcodehadtobe

changed

11.Sharkshaveakeensenseof

hearingandcansmellbloodfromalmost2,000yardsaway.Sharksalsohaveaspecialsystemofchannelsintheirskinthathelpsthemfeelthevibrationsofasplashingswimmer.Weknowthatin

clearwater,sharkscanseedinnerfromabout50feetaway.Ifyoueverspotashark,alwaysswimawaysmoothly!

Thisstorymainlytells

howwellsharkshear

whysharkshavepoorvision

howsharkssensefood

whentoswimawaysmoothly

12.Trousersarearecentstyleinthehistoryoffashion.Menworetightsundershort,loosepantsuntiltheearly1800swhenthefirstrealpantsformenappeared.Untilthe1940sfewwomenworelongpants.DuringWorldWarII,womenfactoryworkersstartedwearinglongpants.Thefashioncaughton.

Thestorymainlytells

thatlongpantsareasomewhatnewfashion

whenmenstoppedwearing

pantaloons

whoworetights

whywomendon'tweartrousers

13.A

scientist

believes

that

millionsofanimalshavediedevery26

millionyears

Hethinks

thatcometsare

responsible

forthose

deaths.

Comets

wouldexplode

onimpact

asthey

slammed

intoEarth.

Dustfrom

theexplosions

blockedlight

andheat

fromthe

Sun.

PlantsandanimalsonEarthcouldnotwithstandsuchconditions,sotheydied.

Thisstorymainlytells

howoftenanimalsdied

whycometsmaycomenearEarth

wherethedustcomesfrom

aboutapossiblecauseofanimal

deathsinthepast

14.TherareChinesepandalivesontender,youngbambooshoots.Mostbambooplantsdierightafterflowering.

Withoutthebamboothepandasstarve.Becausesomepeoplefearthattherarepandasmaydieout,insomeplacesfoodisgiventothehungryanimals.Some

pandasareairliftedtoplaceswherebambooisstillplentiful.

Thisstorymainlytells

whattheChinesepandasusuallyeathowthebambooplantsflowerhowpeoplearekeepingpandasalivewhypandassometimesstarvetodeath

15.BobGeldoftalkedtothetopmusicaltalentsoftheworldandasked

themtosinga