河北省涿州市高考英语阅读理解短文改错系列训练2.docx
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河北省涿州市高考英语阅读理解短文改错系列训练2
涿州市2014高考英语阅读理解、短文改错系列训练
（2）及答案
（第******篇）
HowtoBeaWinner
SirStevenRedgrave
Winnerof5OlympicGoldMedals
“In1997Iwasfoundtohavedevelopeddiabetes（糖尿病）．Believingmycareer（职业生涯）wasover,Ifeltextremelylow.ThenoneofthespecialistssaidtherewasnoreasonwhyIshouldstoptrainingandcompeting.Thatwasit—theencouragementIneeded.IcouldstillbeawinnerifIbelievedinmyself.Iamnotsayingthatitisn’tdifficultsometimes.ButIwantedtoprovetomyselfthatIwasn’tfinishedyet.Nothingistostandinmyway.”
KarenPickering
SwimmingWorldChampion
“Iswim4hoursaday,6daysaweek.Imanagethatsortofworkloadbyputtingitontopofmydiary.Thisisthekeytosuceess—youcan’tfollowacareerinanyfieldwithoutbeingwellorganized.Listwhatyoubelieveyoucanachieve.Trustyourself,writedownyourgoalsfortheday,howeversmalltheyare,andyou’llbeastepclosertoachievingthem.”
KirstenBest
Poet&Writer
“Whenthingsaregettinghard,avoiceinsidemyheadtellsmethatIcan’tachievesomething.Then，thereareotherdistractions,_suchasfamilyorhobbies.Thekeyistoconcentrate.WhenIfeeltense,i
thelpsalottorepeatwordssuchas‘calm’，‘peace’or‘focus’，eitheroutloudorsilentlyinmymind.Itmakesmefeelmoreincontrolandincreasesmyconfidence.Thisisahabitthatcanbecomesecondnaturequiteeasilyandisapowerfulpsychological（心理的）tool.”
[语篇解读] 本文叙述了三位名人在成功的道路上所经历的不同的事情，一是战胜了病痛，一定克服了精力分散的困难，一是通过坚持不懈努力，最后都取得了胜利。
1．WhatdoesSirStevenRedgravemainlytalkabout?
A.Difficultiesinfluencedhiscareer.
B.Specialistsofferedhimmedicaladvice.
C.Traininghelpedhimdefeathisdisease.
D.Heovercametheshadowofillnesstowin.
[解析] 推理判断题。
第一部分写了SirSteven得了糖尿病，但最终克服了病痛拿到了金牌，故D项符合题意。
[答案] D
2．WhatdoesKarenPickeringputontopofherdiary?
A.Hertrainingschedule.
B.Herdailyhappenings.
C.Herachievements.
D.Hersportscareer.
[解析] 事实细节题。
第二部分第二句中，it指代前面的句子内容，即她的训练计划。
[答案] A
3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“distractions”probablyreferto?
A.Waysthathelponetofocus.
B.Wordsthathelponetofeellesstense.
C.Activitiesthatturnone’sattentionaway.
D.Habitsthatmakeithardforonetorelax.
[解析] 猜测词义题。
从下文“Thekeyistoconcentrate.”可以推出是指分散作家注意力的活动。
[答案] C
4．Accordingtothepassage，whatdothethreepeoplehaveincommon?
A.Courage. B.Devotion.
C.Hardwork.D.Selfconfidence.
[解析] 事实细节题。
第一部分中“IcouldstillbeawinnerifIbelievedinmyself.”，第二部分中“Trustyourself...”及第三部分中“Itmakesmefeelmoreincontrolandincreasesmyconfidence...”都表明自信是他们三个的共同之处。
[答案] D
[长难句解读] Trustyourself，writedownyourgoalsfortheday，howeversmalltheyare，andyou’llbeastepclosertoachievingthem.相信你自己，不论目标多小，每天把它们写下来，这样你会向实现它们又迈进了一步。
“祈使句＋and/or＋现在将来时句子”结构中，祈使句可转换成由if引导的条件句。
本句含有两个祈使句，第二个祈使句又含有一个让步状语从句。
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科普说明文：
Africanelephant有两个不同的种类
66.fossils定位，找到第三段第一句，有两种fossils，mam和mas，选项D
67.文中divergenceofthetwospecies指代前文theAseandtheAfehavebeendistinctspecies,divergence与distinct同义替换，对应选项C
68.conclusion,basedon定位，找到倒数第二段最后一句layin与basedon同义替换，答案：
A
69.AR定位，找到倒数第一段，从AR的话中，第一句forconservationpurpose,最后一句forconservationpurpose确定A
70.文章首句点明全文主旨，答案：
C
4.（2011·江西卷）D
Whyshouldmankindexplorespace?
Whyshouldmoney,timeandeffortbespentexploringandresearchingsomethingwithsofewapparentbenefits?
WhyshouldresourcesbespentonspaceratherthanonconditionsandpeopleonEarth?
Thesearequestionsthat,understandably,areveryoftenasked.
Perhapsthebestanswerliesinourgeneticmakeup（基因构成）ashumanbeings.Whatdroveourancestorstomovefromthetreesintotheplains,andonintoallpossibleareasandenvironments?
Thewiderthespreadofaspecies,thebetteritschanceofsurvival.Perhapsthebestreasonforexploringspaceisthisgenetictendencytoexpandwhereverpossible.
Nearlyeverysuccessfulcivilizationhasexplored,becausebydoingso,anydangersinsurroundingareascanbeidentifiedandpreparedfor.Withoutknowledge,wemaybecompletelydestroyedbythedanger.Withknowledge,wecanlessenitseffects.
Explorationalsoallowsmineralsandotherpotential（潜在的）resourcestobefound.Evenifwehavenoimmediateneedofthem,theywillperhapsbeusefullater.Resourcesmaybemorethanphysicalpossessions.Knowledgeortechniqueshavebeenacquiredthroughexploration.Thetechniquesmayhavemedicalapplicationswhichcanim
provethelengthorqualityofourlives.Wehavealreadybenefitedfromotherspin-offsincludingimprovementsinearthquakeprediction,insatellitesforweatherforecastingandincommunications
systems.Evennon-stickpansandmirroredsunglassesareby-products（副产品）oftechnologicaldevelopmentsinthespace,thechancetosaveourselvesmightnotexist.
Whilemanyresourcesarespentonwhatseemsasmallreturn,theexplorationofspaceallowscreative,braveandintelligentmembersofourspeciestofocusonwhatmayservetosaveus.Whilespacemayholdmanywondersandexplanationsofhowtheuniversewasformedorhowitworks,italsoholdsdangers.Thedangerexists,butknowledgecanhelphumanbeingtosurvive.Withouttheabilitytoreachoutacrossspace,thechancetosaveourselvesmightnotexist.
WhileEarthistheonlyplanetknowntosupportlife,surelytheadaptiveabilityofhumanswouldallowustoliveonotherplanets.Itistruethatthelifestylewouldbedifferent,buthumanlifeandcultureshaveadaptedinthepastandsurelycouldinthefuture.
71.WhydoestheauthormentionthequestionsinParagraph1?
A.Toexpresshisdoubts.
B.Tocompared
ifferentideas.
C.Tointroducepointsfordiscussion.
D.TodescribetheconditionsonE
arth.
72.WhatisthereasonforexploringspacebasedonParagraph2?
A.Humansarenature-borntodoso.
B.Humanshavethetend
encytofight.
C.Humansmayfindnewsourcesoffood.
D.Humansdon’tliketostayinthesameplace.
73.Theunderlinedword“spin-offs”inParagraph4probablyrefersto______.
A.survivalchancesB.potential
resources
C.unexpectedbenefitsD.physicalpossessions
74.Whatmakesitpossibleforhumanstoliveonotherplanets?
A.Ourgeneticmakeup.B.Resourcesontheearth..
C.Theadaptiveabilityofhumans.D.By-productsinspaceexploration.
75.Whichofthestatementscanbestsumunthepassage?
A.Spaceexplorationhascreatedmanywonders.
B.Spaceexplorationprovidedthebestvalueformoney.
C.SpaceexplorationmayhelpusavoidpotentialproblemsonEarth.
解析：
71.推理判断题。
答案选C。
文章是典型的议论说明文，是提出问题，分析问题的套路。
第一段通过提出一系列关于太空探索利弊的问题引发讨论。
并不是真的有这些怀疑，也没有鲜明的正反观点，所以AB不对。
D偏差较远。
72.主旨题。
答案选A。
第二段是典型的总分总结构，主旨句在段首段尾。
Perhapsthebestanswerliesinourgenetic
makeupashumanbeings.主要原因在于人类基因。
Perhapsthebestreasonforexploringspaceisthisgenetictendencytoexpandwhereverpossible.而B选项错在fight这个词。
CD没提及。
73.词义猜测题。
选C。
根据spinoff前面的wehavealreadybenefitedfromotherspinoff关键词benefit，受益。
而spinoff后面的including…说的全是获得的利益，如improvementsinearthquakeprediction.地震预测的进步等等，而不是什么生存机会，或者潜在资源。
所以选C。
74.细节题。
答案选C。
按照问题顺序一致原则，答案应当出现在
最后两段。
在最后一段的首句我们找到了一个极端词用以定位。
Whileearthistheonlyplanetknowntosupportlife,surelytheadaptiveabilityofhumanswouldallowustoliveonotherplanets.直接由翻译可知，人类的适应能力使我们在其他星球的居住成为可能。
75.推理判断题。
选D。
除去前两段引入，第三段主旨句（首句）的意思是每个文明都会探索周围文明以减低危险，第四段主旨句（首句）说的是探索使得我们能够发现潜在能源。
第五段主旨句（首句）说的是探索使得很多人发现解决问题的有用资源。
总的来说，就可归结为，太空探索可以帮助我们很多，避免很多问题。
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短文改错（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
此题要求改正所给短文中的错误，对标有题号的每一行作出判断：
如无错误，在该行右边的横线上划一个（√）；如有错误（每行只有一个错误）；则按下列情况改正：
此行多一词：
把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉，在该行右边横线上写出该词，并也用斜线划掉。
此行缺一词：
在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），在该行右边横线上写出该加的词。
此行错一词：
在错的词下划一横线，在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。
注意：
原行没有错的不要改。
Thisisastorytoldbymyfather:
“WhenIwasboy,66.
themostexcitingthingwaswhentocelebratetheSpring 67.
Festival．Mygrandmawasthebestcookerintheworld 68.
butcouldmakethemostdeliciousdishes．Onetime,Ijust69.
couldn'twaitfortheSpringFestivaldinner．AsIwas 70.
abouttakeapiecefromacookedduck,IsawGrandmain 71.
thekitchenlookingatme．Shakeherhead,shesaid,‘It 72.
isn'tagoodtimetodothat,dear．'AtonceIapologize 73.
andcontrolledmeatmybesttillthedinnerstarted．You 74.
know,thatwasadinnerwehadwaitedforseveralmonth．" 75.
参考答案、、
66.boy前加a67.去掉when68.cooker改为cook
69.but改为and70.√71.about后加to
72.Shake改为Shaking73.apologize改为apologized
74.me改为myself75.month改为months
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例1（2012江苏卷）DeputyAgricultureSecretaryKathleenMerriganseesanepidemic（流行病）sweepingacrossAmericasfarmland.Ithaslittletodowiththeusualchallenges,suchasflood,risingfuelpricesandcrop-eatinginsects.Thecountry'sfannersaregettingolder,andtherearefewerpeoplestandinginlinetotaketheirplace.Nationalagriculturalcensus（普查）figuresshowthatthefastest-growinggroupoffannersisthepartover65.Merriganisafraidtheaverageagewillbeevenhigherwhenthe2012statisticsarecompleted.
Merrigan,aformercollegeprofessor,ismakingstopsatuniversitiesacrossthecountryinhopesofencouragingmorestudentstothinkaboutcareersinagriculture.Asidefromtryingtostopt
hegrayingof.America'sfarmers,herworkismadetougherbyarecentblogpostingthatputagricultureatNo.1onalistof"useless"collegedegrees.Topfederalagricultureofficialsaretalkingabouttheposting,andithastheattentionofagriculturalorganizationsacrossthecountry.
“Therecouldn'tbeanythingthat'smoreincorrect,"
升级会员 