上海高一英语新教材上教版Unit 1Life in a day语法被动语态.docx
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上海高一英语新教材上教版Unit1Lifeinaday语法被动语态
2020上海高一英语新教材(上教版)Unit1Lifeinaday语法详解
本单元语法重点是:
现在进行时的被动语态;
第一部分:
动词的语态
及物动词的语态有两种:
主动语态和被动语态。
1.定义:
主语是动作的发出者为主动语态;
主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。
2.被动语态的构成
被动语态最基本的句型结构是:
be+及物动词过去分词.即bedone
一般现在时:
is/am/are+done
一般过去时:
was/were+done
现在进行时:
is/am/are+being+done
过去进行时:
was/were+being+done
一般将来时:
will+be+done
过去将来时:
would+be+done
现在完成时:
have/has+been+done
过去完成时:
had+been+done
情态动词can/may/must/need/could/would/should+be+done
【注意】
1)主动语态变为被动语态要加“to”的情况
以下动词变为被动语态时,要在其后加“to”。
此类动词为感官动词,如:
feel,hear,help,listento,lookat,make,observe,see,notice,watch等。
例如:
Theteachermademegooutoftheclassroom.
Iwasmadetogooutoftheclassroom(bytheteacher).
Theymadehimcry.(主动语态)
Hewasmadetocrybythem.(被动语态)
2)主动形式表示被动意义
如wash,clean,cut,read,wear,draw,write,sell等动词虽然用做主动形式却表示被动的意义。
例如:
Thepenwritessmoothly.
Thiskindofclothwasheseasily.
感官动词如feel,look,smell,taste,sound等直接跟形容词作表语。
Thefoodtastesgood.
3)want,need,require表示“需要”时,后接-ing表被动;
①Sth.want/need/requiretobedone=sth.want/need/requiredoing
Yourhairneedscutting=Yourhairneedtobecut.你的头发需要被剪
②beworth+doingsth.值得被做...。
Thebookisworthreading.
第二部分:
被动语态
一、被动语态的基本形式
1.被动语态的基本时态变化
被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式,被动语态由be+过去分词构成,be随时态的变化而变化。
以do为例,各种时态的被动语态形式为:
1)am/is/are+done(过去分词)一般现在时+被动语态
Visitors___________(request)nottotouchtheexhibits.
2)was/weredone一般过去时+被动语态
I___________(give)tenminutestodecidewhichIshouldchoose.
3)has/havebeendone现在完成时+被动语态
Allthepreparations___________(complete).
4)hadbeendone过去完成时+被动语态
Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewgym___________(complete)inBeijing.
5)am/is/aredeingdone现在进行时+被动语态
Anewcinema___________(build)here.
6)was/werebeingdone过去进行时+被动语态
Ameeting___________(hold)whenIwasthere.
7)shall/willbedone一般将来时+被动语态
Hundredsofjobs___________(lose)ifthefactorycloses.
8)should/wouldbedone过去将来时+被动语态
Thenews___________(send)tothesoldier'smother.
9)shall/willhavebeendone将来完成时+被动语态
Theproject___________(complete)beforeJuly.
10)should/wouldhavebeendone过去将来完成时+被动语态
Hetoldmethathisnewclothes___________(make)verysoon.
2.被动语态的特殊结构形式
1)、带情态动词的被动结构:
情态动词+be+done(过去分词)
Thebabyshould___________(take)goodcareofbythebaby-sitter.
2)、在使役动词have,make,get以及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,等后面不定式作宾
语时,在主动结构中不定式to要省略,但变为被动结构时,要加to。
Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.?
3)、非谓语动词的被动语态:
being+done或tobe+done
Idon'tlike___________(laugh)atinthepublic.
Idon'twant___________(laugh)atinthepublic.
4)、Itissaidthat+从句及其他类似句型
一些表示“据说”的动词如believe,consider,expect,report,say,suppose,think等可以用于句型“It+is/was+过去分词+that从句”或“主语+be+过去分词+todosth.”。
有:
Itissaidthat…据说,Itisreportedthat…据报道,Itisbelievedthat…大家相信,Itishopedthat…大家希望,Itiswellknownthat…众所周知,Itisthoughtthat…大家认为,Itissuggestedthat…据建议。
Itissaidthattheboyhaspassedtheexam./Theboyissaidtohavepassedtheexam.
二、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义
1、英语中有很多动词如lock,open,sell,read,write,wash等,当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时,常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物。
Thiskindofclothwasheswell.
注意:
主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征,而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。
试比较:
Thedoorwon'tlock.(指门本身有毛病)
Thedoorwon'tbelocked.(指不会有人来锁门,指“门没有锁”是人的原因)
2、系动词没有被动形式,但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel,sound,taste,
look,smell常以主动形式表示被动意义。
Yourreasonsoundsreasonable.
三、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义
1、在need,want,require等词的后面,动名词用主动形式表示被动意义,其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
Thehouseneedsrepairing(toberepaired).这房子需要修理。
2、形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义,但不能跟动词不定式;而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。
Thepicture-bookiswellworthreading.(=Thepicture-bookisveryworthytoberead.)
3、在too…to…结构中,不定式前面可加逻辑主语,所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。
Thisbookistooexpensive(forme)tobuy.
被动语态同步练习:
()1.Itissaidthatanewrobot____byhiminafewdays
A.designedB.hasbeendesigned
C.willbedesignedD.willhavebeendesigned
()2.Shewillstopshowingoffifnonotice____ofher.
A.istakenB.takesC.willbetakenD.hastaken
()3.Diamond____inBrazilin1971.
A.isfoundB.hasbeenfoundC.wasfoundD.hadbeenfound
()4.“Haveyoumovedintothenewflat?
”“Notyet.Theroom____.”
A.hasbeenpaintedB.ispaintedC.paintsD.isbeingpainted
()5.Mypictures____untilnextFriday.
A.won'tdevelopB.aren'tdeveloped
C.don'tdevelopD.won'tbedeveloped
()6.Tim____sincehelosthisjobthreeweeksago.
A.hadbeenunemployedB.wasunemployed
C.hasbeenunemployedD.hasunemployed
()7.I'llpushthecartothesideoftheroadbecausewe____ifweleaveithere.
A.wouldbefinedB.willbefined
C.willbeingfinedD.willhavebeenfined
()8.Ifoundabottle____droppedonthefloorofDavid'sroom.
A.wasB.hadC.hadbeenD.is
()9.Yououghttohaveputthemilkintherefrigerator.Now____sour.
A.IsmellB.itissmeltC.itsmellsD.itissmelling
()10.Ithinkmuchattention____yourpronunciation.
A.mustbepaidtoB.oughttobepaid
C.mustpaytoD.shouldpaidto
()11.Idon'tremember____thechancetotrythismethod.
A.havingbeengivenB.tohavebeengiven
C.havinggivenD.tohavegiven
()12.Theconstructionofthelab____bytheendofnextmonth.
A.mustbecompletingB.musthavebeencompleted
C.willbecompletingD.willhavebeencompleted
()13.Asweapproachedtheworksite,theworkerswereseen____thenewhouse.
A.buildingB.buildC.builtD.tobuild
()14.Thecomposition____anymore.
A.neednottobecorrectedB.doesn'tneedtobecorrected
C.doesn'tneedbecorrectedD.neednotcorrect
()15、ThePeople'sRepublicofChinaonOctober1,1949.
A.foundB.wasfoundedC.hasbeenfoundedD.wasfound
参考答案:
1-5CACDD6-10CBCCA11-15ADABB
第三部分:
现在进行时的被动语态
一、现在进行时的被动语态的基本结构
1.肯定式:
am/is/are + being + done
Another bridge is being built over the river at present. 目前江上正在建造另一座大桥。
Wecan’ttakethisroadfortheroadisbeingrepairednow.我们不能走这条路,因为这条路正在修建。
2.否定式:
am/is/are + not + being + done
Areyourclothesbeingwashedinthewashingmachine?
你的衣服正在洗衣机里洗着吗?
The animals are not being set free at present. 目前这些动物还不能被放出。
3.疑问式:
疑问词 + am/is/are + (主语) + being + done?
What is being done to the machine?
现在对这台机器要采取什么措施?
Howmanybuildingsarebeingbuiltinthetown?
在这个城镇里有多少建筑物在建设?
二、现在进行时的被动语态的用法
1.表示说话时/此时此刻正在进行的被动性动作。
Look!
Thewaterisbeingturnedintosteam.瞧!
水正在变成蒸汽。
He is being interviewed by our headmaster now. 他正在接受我们校长的采访。
2.表示现阶段正在进行的被动的动作,但此动作不一定在此时此刻发生。
A modern school is being built in our hometown.
The disease is being studied by scientists. 科学家们正在研究这种疾病。
3.表示一种经常性的被动行为,常与always,constantly等副词连用,往往带有夸奖、羡慕、埋怨、讨厌等感情色彩。
He is always being praised by the teacher.他总是受到老师的表扬。
Ifeelveryamazedthattheglassesofourlivingroomarefrequentlybeingbroken.
我感到非常吃惊的是我们起居室的玻璃杯经常被打破。
三、现在进行时的被动语态应注意的问题
1.不可遗漏being。
现在进行时的被动语态表示说话时正在进行的一个被动的动作,如果我们把being漏掉,即成为一般现在时的被动语态或系表结构。
Look!
Thechildrenarebeingtakencareofbytheiraunt.瞧!
那些孩子正由他们的姑妈照看着。
(指现在正在被进行的情况)
Childrenaretakengoodcareofatschool.孩子们在学校被照看得很好。
(指通常情况)
2.“be+under/in等介词+名词”结构可表示现在进行时的被动语态的含义。
Theproblemisunderdiscussion(isbeingdiscussed)atthemeeting.这个问题正在会上讨论。
Thetelephoneisinuse(=isbeingused)now.这部电话正在使用中。
3.像takecareof,lookafter,talkabout,thinkof等动词与介词构成的短语用于现在进行时的被动语态时,其中的介词不可省略。
Thequestionisbeingtalkedaboutinthemeetingroom.这个问题正在会议室里讨论。
4.一些表示情况、状态或存在的动词(短语)(sell,become,wear,wash,happen,succeed,takeplace,takepartin,disappear等),没有现在进行时的被动语态。
Thebooksellswell.这本书卖得很好。
Footballislovedbymoreandmorepeople.足球被越来越多的人喜爱。
5.注意不可忽视“现阶段”
现在进行时的被动语态也可表示目前这一阶段正在进行的一个被动的动作。
Manyinterestingexperimentsarebeingcarriedoutthesedays.
如今许多有趣的实验正在被进行着。
(说话时,并不一定在进行)
巩固练习题
一、单句语法填空
1.We____________(kill)forthewoolbeneathourstomachs.
2.Ourfur____________(use)tomakesweatersforpeoplelikeyou.
3.Sogoodthings____________(do)heretosavelocalwildlife.
4.Theschool____________(rebuild)elsewherewithabiggerandbettercampus.
5.—What’sthatnoise?
—Oh,Iforgottotellyou.Thenewmachine____________(test).
6.Wecanhearthatthepapers____________(print)quicklyonthefastmovingprintingmachines.
7.Ihavetogotoworkbytaxibecausemycar____________(repair)atthegarage.
8.Listen!
Theproject____________(discuss)atthemeetingnow.
9.Look!
Theforeignguests____________(show)aroundourschoolbyMr.Zhang.
10.Thepatient____________(examine)now.Hewillcomeoutsoon.
二、把下列句子变为被动语态。
1.Nowheiswateringthetrees.→
______________________________________________________________
2.Wearepaintingourclassroomnow.→
______________________________________________________________
3.Somefactoriesarepollutingtherivers.→
______________________________________________________________
4.Peoplearenothuntingwildanimals.→
______________________________________________________________
5.Whyareyoucleaningthehouse?
→
______________________________________________________________
三、用被动语态翻译下面句子
1.熊猫正受到人们的保护。
2.这个事件正受到更多的关注。
3.这个学校正接受市长的检查。
4.你知道你的眼睛正受到电脑的危害吗?
5.看!
越来越多的人正被你的话影响。
一、单句语法填空
1.arebeingkilled2.isbeingused3.arebeingdone4.isbeingrebuilt
5.isbeingtested6.arebeingprinted7.isbeingrepaired
8.isbeingdiscussed9.arebeingshown10.isbeingexamined
二、把下列句子变为被动语态。
1.Theboyisbeingtaught(byher).
2.Ourclassroomisbeingpaintedbyusnow.
3.Theriversarebeingpollutedbysomefactories.
4.Wildanimalsarenotbeinghuntedbypeople/
5.Whyisthehousebeingcleanedbyyou?
三、用被动语态翻译下面句子
1.Pandasarebeingprotectedbypeople.
2.Moreattentionisbeingpaidtotheincident./Theincidentisbeingpaidmoreatt