上海高一英语新教材上教版Unit 1Life in a day语法被动语态.docx

1、上海高一英语新教材上教版Unit 1Life in a day语法被动语态2020上海高一英语新教材（上教版）Unit 1Life in a day语法详解本单元语法重点是： 现在进行时的被动语态；第一部分：动词的语态及物动词的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。1.定义：主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。2.被动语态的构成被动语态最基本的句型结构是： be +及物动词过去分词.即be done 一般现在时：is/am/are+done一般过去时:was/were+done现在进行时:is/am/are+being+done过去进行时:was/were+being+don

2、e一般将来时:will+be+done过去将来时:would+be+done现在完成时:have/has+been+done过去完成时:had+been +done情态动词can/may/must/need/could/would/should+be+done【注意】1) 主动语态变为被动语态要加“to”的情况以下动词变为被动语态时，要在其后加“to”。此类动词为感官动词，如：feel, hear, help, listen to, look at, make, observe, see, notice, watch等。例如：The teacher made me go out of the

3、classroom.I was made to go out of the classroom (by the teacher).They made him cry. (主动语态) He was made to cry by them. (被动语态)2) 主动形式表示被动意义 如wash, clean, cut, read, wear, draw, write, sell等动词虽然用做主动形式却表示被动的意义。例如：The pen writes smoothly.This kind of cloth washes easily.感官动词如feel，look，smell，taste，sound等

4、直接跟形容词作表语。The food tastes good.3)want, need, require表示“需要”时，后接-ing表被动；Sth. want/need/require to be done=sth. want/need/require doingYour hair needs cutting= Your hair need to be cut.你的头发需要被剪be worth+doing sth.值得被做.。The book is worth reading.第二部分：被动语态一、被动语态的基本形式1. 被动语态的基本时态变化被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由be

5、过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：1）am/is/are + done(过去分词) 一般现在时 + 被动语态Visitors _(request) not to touch the exhibits.2）was/were done 一般过去时 + 被动语态I _(give) ten minutes to decide which I should choose.3) has/have been done 现在完成时 + 被动语态All the preparations _ (complete).4）had been done 过去完成时 + 被动语态B

6、y the end of last year, another new gym _ (complete) in Beijing.5) am/is/are deing done 现在进行时 + 被动语态A new cinema _ (build) here6）was/ were being done 过去进行时 + 被动语态A meeting _ (hold) when I was there.7) shall/will be done 一般将来时 + 被动语态Hundreds of jobs _ (lose) if the factory closes.8）should/would be do

7、ne 过去将来时 + 被动语态The news _ (send) to the soldiers mother.9）shall/will have been done 将来完成时 + 被动语态The project _ (complete) before July.10）should/would have been done 过去将来完成时 + 被动语态He told me that his new clothes _ (make) very soon.2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式1)、带情态动词的被动结构：情态动词+be+done(过去分词)The baby should _ (take)

8、good care of by the baby-sitter.2)、在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear,等后面不定式作宾语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. ?3)、非谓语动词的被动语态：being + done 或 to be + doneI dont like _ (laugh) at in the public.I dont want _ (laugh) at in the public.4)、It i

9、s said that+从句及其他类似句型一些表示“据说”的动词如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“Itis/was过去分词that从句”或“主语be过去分词to do sth.”。有：It is said that 据说,It is reported that据报道，It is believed that大家相信，It is hoped that大家希望，It is wel l known that众所周知，It is thought that大家认为，It is suggested that据建议。I

10、t is said that the boy has passed the exam./ The boy is said to have passed the exam.二、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义1、英语中有很多动词如lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物。This kind of cloth washes well.注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。试比较：The door wont lock（指门本身有毛病）The door wont

11、be locked.（指不会有人来锁门, 指“门没有锁”是人的原因）2、系动词没有被动形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel, sound, taste,look,smell常以主动形式表示被动意义。Your reason sounds reasonable.三、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义1、在need，want，require等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。The house needs repairing（to be repaired）这房子需要修理。2、形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而wor

12、thy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。The picture-book is well worth reading（The picture-book is very worthy to be read）3、在too to结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。This book is too expensive (for me) to buy.被动语态同步练习:( ) 1. It is said that a new robot _by him in a few days A. designed B. has been designed C. will be designed

13、 D. will have been designed( ) 2. She will stop showing off if no notice_ of her. A. is taken B. takes C. will be taken D. has taken( ) 3. Diamond _in Brazil in 1971. A. is found B. has been found C. was found D. had been found( ) 4. “Have you moved into the new flat?” “Not yet. The room_.” A. has b

14、een painted B. is painted C. paints D. is being painted( ) 5. My pictures _until next Friday. A. wont develop B. arent developed C. dont develop D. won t be developed( ) 6. Tim _since he lost his job three weeks ago. A. had been unemployed B. was unemployed C. has been unemployed D. has unemployed(

15、) 7. Ill push the car to the side of the road because we _if we leave it here. A. would be fined B. will be fined C. will being fined D. will have been fined( ) 8. I found a bottle _dropped on the floor of Davids room. A. was B. had C. had been D. is( ) 9. You ought to have put the milk in the refri

16、gerator. Now _ sour. A. I smell B. it is smelt C. it smells D. it is smelling( ) 10. I think much attention _your pronunciation. A. must be paid to B. ought to be paid C. must pay to D. should paid to( ) 11. I dont remember _the chance to try this method. A. having been given B. to have been given C

17、. having given D. to have given( ) 12. The construction of the lab _by the end of next month. A. must be completing B. must have been completed C. will be completing D. will have been completed( ) 13. As we approached the work site, the workers were seen _the new house. A. building B. build C. built

18、 D. to build( ) 14. The composition _ any more. A. need not to be corrected B. doesnt need to be corrected C. doesnt need be corrected D. need not correct( ) 15、The Peoples Republic of China on October 1, 1949.A. found B. was founded C. has been founded D. was found参考答案:1-5 CACDD 6-10 CBCCA 11-15 AD

19、ABB第三部分：现在进行时的被动语态一、现在进行时的被动语态的基本结构1. 肯定式：am/is/are+being+done Anotherbridgeisbeingbuiltovertheriveratpresent.目前江上正在建造另一座大桥。We cant take this road for the road is being repaired now我们不能走这条路，因为这条路正在修建。2. 否定式：am/is/are+not+being+doneAre your clothes being washed in the washing machine? 你的衣服正在洗衣机里洗着吗？T

20、heanimalsarenotbeingsetfreeatpresent.目前这些动物还不能被放出。3. 疑问式：疑问词+am/is/are+(主语)+being+done？Whatisbeingdonetothemachine?现在对这台机器要采取什么措施？How many buildings are being built in the town?在这个城镇里有多少建筑物在建设？二、现在进行时的被动语态的用法1. 表示说话时/此时此刻正在进行的被动性动作。Look! The water is being turned into steam. 瞧！水正在变成蒸汽。 Heisbeinginte

21、rviewedbyourheadmasternow. 他正在接受我们校长的采访。2. 表示现阶段正在进行的被动的动作，但此动作不一定在此时此刻发生。 Amodernschoolisbeingbuiltinourhometown.Thediseaseisbeingstudiedbyscientists.科学家们正在研究这种疾病。3. 表示一种经常性的被动行为，常与 always, constantly 等副词连用，往往带有夸奖、羡慕、埋怨、讨厌等感情色彩。Heisalwaysbeingpraisedbytheteacher. 他总是受到老师的表扬。I feel very amazed that

22、the glasses of our living room are frequently being broken我感到非常吃惊的是我们起居室的玻璃杯经常被打破。三、现在进行时的被动语态应注意的问题1. 不可遗漏 being。现在进行时的被动语态表示说话时正在进行的一个被动的动作，如果我们把 being 漏掉，即成为一般现在时的被动语态或系表结构。Look! The children are being taken care of by their aunt瞧！那些孩子正由他们的姑妈照看着。(指现在正在被进行的情况)Children are taken good care of at sch

23、ool孩子们在学校被照看得很好。(指通常情况)2. “beunder/in 等介词名词”结构可表示现在进行时的被动语态的含义。The problem is under discussion (is being discussed) at the meeting. 这个问题正在会上讨论。 The telephone is in use (=is being used) now. 这部电话正在使用中。3. 像 take care of, look after, talk about, think of 等动词与介词构成的短语用于现在进行时的被动语态时，其中的介词不可省略。The question

24、is being talked about in the meeting room. 这个问题正在会议室里讨论。4. 一些表示情况、状态或存在的动词(短语)(sell，become，wear, wash, happen, succeed，take place, take part in, disappear 等)，没有现在进行时的被动语态。The book sells well. 这本书卖得很好。 Football is loved by more and more people. 足球被越来越多的人喜爱。5. 注意不可忽视 “现阶段”现在进行时的被动语态也可表示目前这一阶段正在进行的一个被动

25、的动作。 Many interesting experiments are being carried out these days. 如今许多有趣的实验正在被进行着。(说话时, 并不一定在进行) 巩固练习题 一、单句语法填空 1. We _(kill) for the wool beneath our stomachs.2. Our fur _ (use) to make sweaters for people like you.3. So good things _(do) here to save local wildlife.4. The school _(rebuild) elsew

26、here with a bigger and better campus.5. Whats that noise?Oh, I forgot to tell you. The new machine _(test).6. We can hear that the papers _ (print) quickly on the fastmoving printing machines.7. I have to go to work by taxi because my car _ (repair) at the garage.8. Listen! The project _(discuss) at

27、 the meeting now.9. Look! The foreign guests _(show) around our school by Mr. Zhang.10. The patient _(examine) now. He will come out soon.二、把下列句子变为被动语态。 1.Now he is watering the trees._2. We are painting our classroom now._3. Some factories are polluting the rivers._4. People are not hunting wild an

28、imals._5. Why are you cleaning the house? _三、用被动语态翻译下面句子1. 熊猫正受到人们的保护。2. 这个事件正受到更多的关注。3. 这个学校正接受市长的检查。4. 你知道你的眼睛正受到电脑的危害吗？5. 看！越来越多的人正被你的话影响。一、单句语法填空 1are being killed 2is being used 3. are being done 4. is being rebuilt5. is being tested 6. are being printed 7. is being repaired8. is being discusse

29、d 9. are being shown 10. is being examined二、把下列句子变为被动语态。 1. The boy is being taught (by her).2. Our classroom is being painted by us now.3. The rivers are being polluted by some factories.4. Wild animals are not being hunted by people/5. Why is the house being cleaned by you?三、用被动语态翻译下面句子1. Pandas are being protected by people.2. More attention is being paid to the incident./ The incident is being paid more att