专业四级听力原文.docx

专业四级听力原文.docx

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专业四级听力原文

NaturalResources

Throughthechangesinthewaysofmakingalivinginafamilyoverseveralgenerations,thecartoonaimsatsoundingawarningagainstman’swastefuluseofnaturalresourcesandemphasizingtheurgentneedtopreservetheseresources.

Eversincemanappearedontheearth,man’ssurvivalhasbeenheavilydependentonnature.Almosteverythingweuseinoureverydaylifecomesfromnature,rangingfromthefoodweeat,thewaterwedrink,tothewoodwhichisturnedintofurniture.Withthedevelopmentoftechnologyandpopulationgrowth,theamountandrangeofmaterialsusedhasincreasedatanalarmingrate.

However,naturalresourcesarenotinexhaustible.Somereservesarealreadyonthebrinkofexhaustionandthereisnohopeofreplacingthem.Thewidespreadwatershortageisanexampleinpoint.Ifmancontinuedtosquandernaturalresourceswithnothoughtforthefuture,thewholeworldwouldbeinamess.

UsefulWordsandExpressions:

1.makealiving谋生

2.aimat瞄准

3.aimhigh胸怀大志

4.alarming使人惊动的

5.inexhaustible无穷无尽的

6.squander浪费

7.beinamess乱七八糟

HouseandHome

“House”and“home”aretwowordsthathavesimilarmeanings.

“House”and“home”bothrefertoplaceswherepeoplelive.However,thereisadifferencebetweenthem.“Home”isoftenreferredtoastheplacethatweliveinwithourfamilies.Sadly,inoursociety,peoplecanhardlydistinguishahomefromahousebecausetheyoftenseenodifferencebetweenthem.Thisconfusioncanbetracedbacktotheindifferencebetweenfamilymembers.Therefore,wecansaythatloveisanimportantfactorinahome.Ahomeisashelter,notonlyforourbodiesbutalsoforourminds.Wheneverwearedepressed,wecangohomeforcomfort.Everyoneinthefamilywilldohisbesttotakecareofeachotherandsharetheirhappinessaswellassorrow.Withoutlove,ahomeismerelyahousewherelonelinessisallthatcanbefound.Andahousecanneverbeahomeunlessthereislove.

Usefulwordsandexpressions:

1.referto提到

2.distinguish区别，辨别

3.confusion混乱，混淆

4.traceback追溯到

5.indifference不关心

6.depressed沮丧的

Automobiles

Itisimpossibletosaythatanyonemaninventedtheautomobile.Manyindividualslivingandworkingindifferentcountriesandatdifferenttimescontributedtoitsdevelopment.Manyofthediscoveriesthatwentintothecreationoftheautomobileweresmallinthemselves.Buttogethertheywereimportant.Herearetwoexamples.

“Carriageisrunningataspeedof8to9milesanhour.”Itwasalmostunheardofinthosedays.Accordingtoautomobilehistorians,thiswasthefirstpracticaluseofmechanicalpowertomoveavehicle.Afteritsfirstrun,themachinereportedlyburnedupwhiletheinventorandhisfriendswerecelebratingitssuccessatapub.

HenryFordisconsideredthefatherofmodernautomobilesmassproduction.HisfamousModel-Tcar,becauseofitslowprice,madeitpossibletoproducecarsonalargescaleandhiseffortsmadeitaccessibletoordinarypeople.

Usefulwordsandexpressions:

1.reportedly据传说，据传闻

2.massproduction大规模生产

3.onalargescale大规模地

4.accessible易接近的，可到达的

accessibleto与……接近

TheInfluenceofLife

Intheearlytimeswhenhumanbeingshuntedandgatheredfood,theywerenotincontroloftheirenvironment.Theycouldonlyinteractwiththeirsurroundingsastheotherloweranimalsdid.

Whentheylearnedtomakefire,however,theybecamecapableofalteringtheirenvironment.Toprovidethemselveswithfuel,theycutdowntrees.Theyalsoburnedclearingsinforeststoincreasethegrowthofgrassandtoprovideagreatergrazingareaforthewildanimalsthathumanbeingsfedupon.Thisdevelopmentledtofarmingandthedomesticationofanimals.Fireprovidedthemeansforcookingplantswhichhadpreviouslybeeninedible.Onlywhentheprocessofmeetingthebasicneedforfoodreachedacertainlevelwasitpossibleforhumanstofollowotherpursuitssuchassettingupfamilies,formingsocietiesandfoundingcities.

UsefulwordsandExpressions:

1.interactwith与……组合

2.clearing空旷地

3.grazing放牧，牧草

4.domestication驯养，驯服

5.previously先前，以前

6.inedible不能吃的，不适于食用的

7.pursuit追击

8.setup设立

PopulationGrowth

Itiswell-knownthattherehasbeenadrasticincreaseinworldpopulation.Butitisprobablyleswell-knownthattheextinctionrateofwildlifespeciesisexperiencingaparalleltrend.

TaketheUnitedStatesforinstance.In1990,U.S.populationreachedanunprecedentedlevelof250million,whichisapproximately250timesofthatof1800.Ontheotherhand,wildlifespeciesaredisappearingfromthecountryatanalarmingrate.By1990,about70wildlifespecieswouldneverbeseeninU.S.Wearefullyjustifiedindeclaringthattheexplosivepopulationgrowthhashadanadverseeffectonthesurvivalofwildlifespeciesandwillbeaconstantthreattothewildliferesourcesifnoimmediateactionsaretaken.

Nothinghaseverequaledthemagnitudeandspeedwithwhichthehumanspeciesisalteringthephysicalandchemicalworld.Ithasbeendemolishingtheenvironmentwearelivingin.

Usefulwordsandexpressions:

1.drastic激烈的

2.parallel平行的

3.trend倾向

4.unprecedented空前的

5.magnitude大小，数量

6.alter改变

7.demolish毁坏

Don’tgiveup

Ifwewouldeveraccomplishanythinginlife,letusnotforgetthatwemustpersevere.Ifwewouldlearnourlessonsinschool,wemustbediligentandnotgiveupwheneverwecometoanythingdifficult.Weshallfindmanyofourlessonsveryhard,butletusconsiderthatthehardertheyarethebettertheywilldotousifwewillpreserveandlearnthemthoroughly.

Buttherearesomeamonguswhoarereadytogiveupwhentheycometoahardexampleinmathematics,andsay,“Ican’tdothis.”Theyneverwilliftheyfeelso.“Ican’t”neverdoesanythingworthwhile,but“I’lltry”accomplisheswonders.

Letusrememberthatweshallmeetwithdifficultiesallthroughlife.Theyareinthepathwayofeveryone.Ifwewillonlytryandkeeptrying,weshallbesuretoconquerandovercomeverydifficultywemeet.

OurConcern

Thehistoryoflifeonearthhasbeenahistoryofinteractionbetweenlivingthingsandtheirsurroundings.Toalargeextent,thephysicalformandthehabitsoftheearth’svegetationanditsanimallifehavebeenmoldedbytheenvironment.Onlyinthepresentcenturyhasonespeciesofmanacquiredsignificantpowertoalterthenatureofhisworld.

Therapidityofchangefollowsthepaceofmanratherthanthepaceofnature.Radiationisnowtheunnaturalcreationofman’stamperingwiththeatom.Thechemicalsarethecreationsofman’sinventivemind,havingnocounterpartsinnature.

Wehaveputpoisonousandbiologicallypotentchemicalsintothehandsofpersonslargelyignorantoftheirpotentialsforharm.Wehavesubjectedenormousnumbersofpeopletocontactwiththeseenormousnumbersofpeopletocontactwiththesepoisons,withouttheirconsentandoftenwithouttheirknowledge.Wehaveallowedthesechemicalstobeusedwithlittleornoadvanceinvestigationoftheireffect.Futuregenerationsareunlikelytoforgiveourlackofconcern.

UsefulWordsandExpressions:

1.interaction交互作用，交感

2.vegetation植被

3.mold塑造，浇铸

4.species种类

5.unnatural不自然的

6.temperwith损害，影响

7.counterpart配对物

8.poisonous有毒的

9.potent有力的，有效的

10.consent同意，赞成

Sleep

Whyisitsodifficulttofallasleepwhenyouareovertired?

Thereisnooneanswerthatappliestoeveryindividual.Itispossibletofeel“tired”physicallyandstillbeunabletofallasleep,becausewhileyourbodymaybeexhausted,youdonotfeelsleepy.Itisnotsoeasytosimply“turnoff”.

Lackofsleepcomplicatesmattersevenmore.Expertssayadultsneedatleastseventoeighthoursofsleepanighttofunctionproperly.Whenyougetlesssleepthanthatonconsecutivethreenights,youbegintoaccruefour“sleepdebt”.Assleepdebtincreasesyourbodyexperiencesastressresponse.Nowaviciouscyclehasbeencreated:

Youexperiencethefeelingofbeingmoreandmoretired,butyourbodyisincreasinglystimulated.“Powersleeping”formorehoursonweekendsisonlyatemporarysolution.Thereisnosubstituteforgettingagoodnight’ssleeponaregularbasis.

UsefulWordsandExpressions:

1.overtire使过度疲劳

2.applyto将……应用于

3.consecutive连续的，连贯的

4.accrue自然增加，产生

5.vicious恶的

viciouscycle恶性循环

6.stimulate刺激，激励

7.substitutefor代替……，替换……

ApologyHelps

Itisnevereasytoadmityouareinthewrong.Beinghuman,weallneedtoknowtheartofapologizing.Lookbackwithhonestyandthinkhowoftenyouhavejudgedroughly,yousaidunkindthings,andpushedyourselfaheadattheexpenseofafriend.Thencounttheoccasionswhenyouindicatedclearlyandtrulythatyouweresosorry.Abitfrightening,isn’tit?

Itisfrightening,isn’tit?

Itisfrighteningbecausesomedeepwisdominusknowsthatwhenevenasmallwronghasbeencommitted,somemysteriousmoralfeelingisdisturbed;anditstaysoutofbalanceuntilfaultisacknowledgedandregretexpressed.

Aheartfeltapologycannotonlyhealadamagedrelationshipbutalsomakeitstronger.Ifyoucanthinkofsomeonewhodeservesanapologyfromyou,someoneyouhavewronged,orjudgedtooroughly,orjustneglected,dosomethingaboutitrightnow.

UsefulWordsandExpressions:

1.pushahead捉紧进行

2.attheexpenseof在损害……的情况下

3.mysterious神秘的

4.moral道德的

5.disturbed扰乱的

6.stayoutof不参与……，置身于……之外

7.heartfelt衷心的，真心真意的

8.roughly粗糙地，概略地

HowHighCanYouJump?

Fleastrainershaveobservedastrangehabitoffleaswhiletrainingthem.

Fleasaretrainedbyputtingtheminacardboardboxwithatoponit.Thefleaswilljumpupandhitthetopofthecardboardboxoverandoverandoveragain.Asyouwat