集美大学外国语学院英国文学简史课本I老师画的主要内容.docx

集美大学外国语学院英国文学简史课本I老师画的主要内容.docx

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集美大学外国语学院英国文学简史课本I老师画的主要内容

集美大学外国语学院英国文学简史课本（老师画的主要内容）

I.第一部分

中古英语时期

一、TheOldEnglishPeriod

TheBritishcivilizationisoneoftheoldestintheworld.Oneofitsextantsigns,theStonehenge,datesbackto1400-1800BC.

Thisprehistoricmonumentalpileofstonesindicatesafairlyadvancedlevelofengineeringandastronomy.

Ancientpeopleofthelandmusthavehadaprehistoricliteratureoftheirown.

TheCeltswereprobablythefirstinhabitantsoftheBritishIslesinrecordedhistory.Oneoftheirtribes,theBritons.“Britain”means“thelandoftheBritons.”TheCeltsleftbehindarichoraltraditionofmythsandlegends,ofwhichtheArthurianlegendsareandimportantpart.

TheAnglo-SaxonswereabranchoftheGermanictribes.

Anglo-SaxonbecameOldEnglish,andtheplacebecameEngland,ortheAngle-land,“thelandoftheAngles.”

7thcentury,thefirstEnglishpoet,Caedmonbyname,begantosing.

8th,Beowulf,（epic史诗）thefirstEnglishpoemstillintactasawholepiecetoday.

Thewife’slament妻子的哀怨ruin废墟

TheEcclesiasticalHistoryofEngland------Bede英格兰宗教史

Anglo-SaxonChronicle---KingAlfredtheGreat盎格鲁撒克逊编年史

Beowulf

Lengthynarrativepoem长篇叙事诗

TheonlyorganicwholepoemtocomeoutoftheAnglo-SaxonperiodisBeowulf,anepicofwellover3000lines.

ThestorytakesplaceinScandinavia.TheherocomesfromSweden,andperformshisdeedsinDenmark.

Itwashandeddownbywordofmouthfromgenerationtogeneration.

Beowulf’sfightwiththesea-monstersGrendelandhismotherinthefirstpart,andhiskillingafierydragonandhisdeathinthesecond.

Butthestoryisuniqueasahybrid（混合的）offactwithlegend.

写作修辞手法

1、useof“kenning”比喻的复合辞

Akenningisakindofmetaphorchieflydesignedtoappealtopeoplethinkinginimagesandpicturesandfacilitateaprocessofattainingknowledgebyguesswork.KenningsembellishthewholeofBeowulf.

2、Thereistheconspicuous显而易见的occurrenceofalliteration.头韵

Alliterationisbydefinitionasuccessionofsimilarconsonant辅音soundsrepeatedatthebeginningofsuccessivewords.Itisgoodforrhythmicchantingeffects,emphasis,andhelpingtomemorizethings.

3、Equallynoticeableistheuseofassonance.协韵

Anotherpopularsoundpatternofrepeatingvowelsoundsinsuccessivewordseitherinitially句首orinternally句中.

二、MiddleEnglish:

Medievalliterature中世纪文学

Romance浪漫主义

1、ThelegendsofKingArthurandhisknights

HeclaimedthatthebookwasatranslationofaWelshhistoryofKingArthurandhisknightsoftheRoundTable.亚瑟王和他的圆桌骑士

OneofthesewasWaceofJerseywhoseRomandeBrut布鲁特传奇madethestoryaromanceofchivalry.

2、SirGawainandtheGreenKnight高文爵士和绿衣骑士

Itvirtuesofloyalty忠诚,valor勇敢,rectitude公正,andintegrity正直.

Itisa4-partworkof2530linesin101sections.

骑士精神对照：

Totheintensityofthelady’soffensive,thehuntingservesasanaptfoil——deer（timidity）怯懦,theboar（thewildandaggressive）攻击性,andthefox（thecunning）.狡猾

3、RobinHood罗宾汉

RobinHood,theheroofthepoor,andtheenemyoftherichandthepowerful.

4、WilliamLanglandwroteVisionofPiersthePlowman.威廉·朗格兰（英国文学之父，著有《耕者皮尔斯》）

1、GeoffreyChaucer

1）FatherofEnglishpoetry

2）MasterofEnglishlanguage

3）Firstrealisticwriter

4）Forerunnerofhumanism

HewasthefirstpreeminentEnglishpoetinhistoryandrankswithShakespeareasthemostpopularandmostwidelyreadofallpoetstoday.

TheBookofDuchess

CanterburyTales坎特伯雷故事集诗体小说

Heroiccouplet英雄双韵;rhymedstanza雅韵诗节；endrhyme尾韵

ByfarthemostfamousofallhisworksisTheCanterburyTales,acollectionof20-oddstories.

Boccaccio’sDecameron薄伽丘的《十日谈》（模仿、借鉴坎特伯雷）worksinasimilarwayinthattennarratorseachtellastoryadayfortendays.

Onthepilgrimage朝拜toCanterbury

ThepaintingbeginsintheGeneralPrologue,whichisChaucer’spurelyEnglishwork.Itofferssuchapanoramaofsociallifethatthereaderscaninstantlyimaginethemselvesbackintothetimetunnelandrelivethe14th-centuryasoneofthetravelersintheTales.Thevarietyoflifestyles,customsandtraditions,thewayspeoplewalkintheirpeculiargaitsandtalkintheirpeculiarlanguage,thejuxtapositionoftheseriousandthedignifiedalongsidethejocularandthevulgar,thecandidfolkwiththetreacherous,thehighwiththelow,andfemalewithmale——alltheserevealChaucer’sthoroughknowledgeofhiscountryandhisraregiftforadequateexpression.

“TheWifeofBath’sTale”AyoungknightinKingArthur’stimeviolatestheknightlycodeandrapesayoungwoman.违反骑士美德，骚扰女性

Womanwantstobethemistressofherownhousemost.

Theimplicationisthathersmaynotbeaphysicalbeauty,butonethatresidesinthesoulandthatamanshouldloveawomanforherworthratherthanherface.

“ThePardoner’sTale”“TheMiller’sTale”

三、ThePre-ElizabethanPeriod

The150yearsbetweenthedeathofChaucerandtheascensionofQueenElizabethIwasaveryimportantperiodIhistory.

Freefromspiritualrestraint,loyaltyofGodandauthorityofclergyweredeclining.

Reformation

ThegrowingcorruptpracticesoftheCatholicChurch

FirststaredinGermanbyMartinLuther

TheProtestants,suchastheLutheriansandtheCalvinists

Therebirthorrevivalofclassicallearning,whichfirstbeganin14th-centuryItaly

Humanismasamovementcameintoexistence.

2、ThomasMore

UtopiaconsistsoftwobookswithemphasisonBookIIinwhichtheUtopianwealrepublicisdescribedindetail.

BookIiswrittenintheformofadialoguebetweenMoreandatravelerbythenameofRapaelHythloday.

Toexplorethepotentialofhumanlife

Utopia,akindof“Nowhereland”

Utopiaoffersthebestidealsocialsystempossiblethatcouldbeofferedatthetime.

ThelimitationofUtopianSociety:

TheUtopiansocietyisclearlymale-dominated:

thereisnomentionofgenderequality,noequalopportunityforadministrativeandreligiousjobs,noclearrecognitionofthefemalesexandtheirrights,butaveryclearindicationthatthewomenfolkhavetosubmittotheirmenfolkas,forinstance,theyhavetokneelbeforetheirmenandconfessondaysofreligiousobservance.

Renaissance文艺复兴时期

四、TheElizabethanAge

1、TheElizabethanperiodbeganwiththeascensionofQueenElizabethIin1588.

TheWaroftheRoses（1455-1483）

FrancisDrakedefeatedtheSpanishArmadain1588,Englandbecamethefirstseapowerintheworld.

TheElizabethanagewasoneinwhichRenaissancetransformedChaucer’sMedievalEnglandintoShakespeare’smodernone.

Spiritofadventurepermeatedallthefields

Theagefurnishedafertilesoil,asitwere,onwhichaplethoraafreshflowersandplantsgrewtosurvive.

三个时期

I、Thefirstofthesestretchesovertwodecades,beginningwiththeprintingofTottel’sMiscellanyandconcludingwiththepublicationofEdmundSpenser’sTheShepheardesCalendar.

ThemaincontributorstoTottel’sMiscellanywereThomasWyatt,whointroducedthesonnetintothecountry,andHenryHoward,EarlofSurrey,whobroughttheblankverse（素体诗、无韵诗）intoEnglishpoetry（blankversebeingrhyme-lessiambicpentameter（不押韵，五步抑扬格）oralineoftensyllablesinfiveiambs（五个抑扬格，十个音节）,arhythmicunitoftwosyllablewiththeunstressedfollowedbythestressedsyllable）

II、Thesecondphasecoverssometwodecadesfrom1580through1599,theyearofSpenser’sdeath.ThiswasaperiodofintenseliteraryactivityinwhichthegreatestElizabethanwritersmadetheirpresencefelt.

Spenser——TheFaerieQueene《仙后》

PhilipSidney——AstrophelandStella《爱星者与星星》

JohnLyly’s——EupheusItsquaintstylewithitsextravagant,conceited,andfloridlanguage最初文章很奢华

Euphemism委婉语JohnLylycontributedtotheEnglishlanguage

UniversityWits大学才子派eachandeveryoneofwhomwasamanofgenius,outwiththeirbrilliantcreations,andwouldhavealltakenupalotmorespaceinliteraryhistoryhadtherenottoweredabovethemtheall-timeShakespeare.These“Wits”includeChristopherMarlowe,RobertGreene,GeorgePeele,ThomasLodge,ThomasNash,andThomasKyd.AllweregraduateseitherfromOxfordorCambridgeorboth,hadashortbutbrilliantliterarycareerthatplacedthemamongtheancestorsofmodernEnglishwriters,andmostleftthesceneassoonastheycamemainlyasresultoftheirrecklessanddissoluteBohemianlifestyleforwhichtheElizabethanagewasfamousornotorious.

大学才子派的常用手法“戏中戏”Themechanismoftheplaywithintheplay

Lodge’sRosalynde（洛奇的罗莎琳达）gavethestorylineforShakespeare’sAsYouLikeIt（皆大欢喜）.TheworkoftheUniversityWitspavedthewayfortheriseofShakespeare.

III、Thethirdphasespansoversomethreedecades.ThiswastheperiodinwhichShakespearefinishedallhislaterplays,andBenJonsondidalmostthewholeofhiswork.

TheAuthorizedVersionoftheBible——授权版本的圣经

KingJames’Bible——国王詹姆斯圣经

TheElizabethanageisfamousineverypossiblesenseoftheword,involume数量,quality,variety,originality,andpermanence持久性.

2、EdmundSpenser埃德蒙·斯宾塞

TheFaerieQueen《仙后》先给伊丽莎白女王的诗，cameoutin1590andmadehimthebestofpoetsofhistime.

HewasburiednearChaucerinthePoet’sCornerofWestminsterAbbey角落的威斯敏斯特教堂.Spenser’smajorworksincludeTheShepheardesCalendar（牧羊人日历）,TheFaerieQueene,ColinCloutsComeHomeAgaine,twoodestoMarriage——Epithalamium祝婚诗andProthalamium婚前曲,andAmoretti祝婚曲,acollectionofsonnets.

TheFaerieQueeneisagrandepicpoem.

Spenserianstanza斯宾塞诗体

Spenserianstanza,whichhascontinuedtobeapopularstanzaicformfordreamyandmeditativeworks.

Therhymeschemeisababbcbcc

3、Shakespeare’splaysrevealtracesofacquaintancewithSpenser’spoems.Miltoncallshimhis“poeticalfather.”

DrydenandPopewerebothindebtedtohim.

AndsowereJamesThomson,Wordsworth,Byron,Shelley,Keats,Tennyson,andhundredsmore.

4、PhilipSidney

ApologieforPoetrie