英语写作基本常识.docx
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英语写作基本常识
英语写作基本常识
一、写好句子:
(一)熟悉并掌握形成完整句子的基本框架结构。
我们知道,单词、语法是学习、掌握和运用语言的基础,然而只靠它们拼凑句子是远远不够的,耗时费力不说,拼凑出来的也多是汉语式的英语,很不地道。
因此,平时必须牢记所学过的“固定搭配”及“词组句型”,并会活用。
写句子要注意以下几点:
(1)主谓要一致;
(2)正确使用动词的时态、语态、语气;(3)名词的格要与代词的格一致;(4)句子结构成分完整,特别注意不要漏掉或添加成分。
(二)一个句子一个重心,句意清楚,合乎逻辑。
(三)句子开头首字母要大字,句末要使用正确的英语标点符号。
二、组句成文:
一般说来,文章可以通过句子的进展和句子之间的各种结合来构成。
1)熟悉并掌握表示并列、递进、转折等关系的过渡词(transitionalwords)。
例如:
并列关系:
and,aswellas,also…
递进关系:
besides,inaddition,moreover,what’smore…
转折关系:
but,yet,however,although,
otherwise,or,inspiteof,
despite,insteadof…
时间顺序:
while,when,soon,after,before,afterward,finally,first,then,next,assoonas…
比较、对比:
like,unlike,onthecontrary,ontheotherhand…
总结:
inaword,ingeneral,inshort,aboveall,afterall,generallyspeaking…
进一步阐述:
inotherwords,thatistosay,forexample,forinstance,suchas…
因果关系:
asaresult,so,thus,therefore…
2)明确表达文章主题,内容要点全面,不要节外生枝。
3)要点安排得当,使之文通字顺,合乎逻辑,层次清晰。
4)注意养成写完后自我检查的习惯,应重点检查:
a,要点有无遗漏;
b.句法、词法有没有问题;
c.单词拼写有无错误;
d.大小写、标点符号有无问题;
e.字数是否在题目要求范围之内。
二、英语写作
1.句式要有变化
1复杂句、并列句:
②倒装句:
(1)虚拟语气中if省略;
(2)only+状语置于句首(3)否定词置于句首(4)地点副词置于句首
③强调句型:
Itis……that(who)…
④非谓语动词:
⑤虚拟语气:
⑥固定句型结构:
too…to…so…that…sucha…that…notonly…butalso…neither…nor…suchas…not…until…sothat…either…or…
⑦直接引语与间接引语
⑧多种时态,动名词、不定式,并列结构
2.要使用等级词汇及短语
①使用等级词汇②使用短语③使用谚语④使用表强调的词,如alone,just,single,only,not…atall;ontheearth;thevery;onearth等
⑤使用修辞手法:
明喻,暗喻,夸张,头韵,拟人等:
asbusyasabee;asproudasapeacock;asblindasabat.
3.使用连接词,过渡自然,连贯通顺,一气呵成。
1)用于按空间展开的段落之中的连接词和过渡词有:
abovebeforemehereontheleftacrossbelowinthedistanceontheright
beyondnearbyoppositetooveralsofurthernexttoontopofupdownclosetobeneathunderaroundneartoalong
2)用于按时间顺序展开的段落之中的连接词和过渡词有:
soon,then,suddenly,atthesametime,next,early,
thismorning/year,now,after,atpresent,later,afterwardsfinally,atlast,allofasudden,atnoon,
inthemorning/afternoon/evening
3)用于按分析法展开的段落之中的连接词和过渡词有:
first,second,etc.nowforthispurposebutasaresultfurthermore
finallyatlastmoreoveralsothereforelikewiseanotherforexamplenextyet、forinstanceonthecontraryonceinadditioninsummarysuchinthiscaseontheotherhandthenotherwiseinconclusionthusinclosing
4)用于按比较法展开的段落之中的连接词和过渡词有:
anothermoreoverinaddition(to)
equallyimportanttoo,alsoatthesametime
besidestheninthesameway
infactlike,similarly
5)用于按对比法展开的段落之中的连接词和过渡词有:
onthecontrarydifferentfromontheotherhandincontrasttodespiteinspiteofyet,butunlikeneverthelessnotonly…butalsohere…therethis…thatyearsago…todaytheformer…thelatterthen…nowthefirst…whereasthesecondsome…othersone…theotheronce…nowontheonehand…ontheotherhand(一方面…另一方面)
6)逻辑关系:
递进:
then(然后),besides(还有),furthermore(而且),moreover(此外)
转折:
however(然而),but(但是),onthecountry(相反),afterall(毕竟)
总结:
finally(最后),atlast(最后),inbrief(总之),
inconclusion(最后)。
强调:
indeed(确实),certainly(一定),surely(确定),aboveall(尤其)。
对比:
inthesameway(同样地),
justas(正如),ontheonehand…ontheotherhand
三、书面表达常用句型及短语
1、学校生活及学习成绩
1)I’mgettingonwellwithone’sstudy.
2)takeseveralcoursesatschool
3)haveEnglish(Chinese,Physics…)
every(other)day
4)workhardat…
5)putone’sheartinto…
6)beinterestedin…
7)befondof
8)likechemistrybest
9)betiredof…
10)begoodat/bepoorat/dowellin
/beweakin/makeprogressin
failin/passtheexamination;
11)Hehasthebestrecordinschool.他的成绩最棒。
12)(Englishis)moreinterestingtosb.13)learnabout;
14)succeedin…;
15)beactiveinclass(work);
16)takeanactivepartin…;
17)workouta(maths)problem;
18)get90marksfor(English);getan“A”intheexam;
19)wonthefirstprize/gotthefirstplaceinthecompetition
20)thefirst/topthreewinners(前三名)
2、师生关系:
1)getonwellwithsb;
2)liketobewithstudents;
3)begentlewithus;
4)bekindtosb;
5)beastrictteacher;
bestrictwithone’spupils;
bestrictinwork
6)besatisfiedwith…
7)Wethinkofhim(her)as…;
8)helpsbwithsth;
9)praisesbforsth…
blamesbforsth.
10)giveadviceon…;
11)makeone’slessonslivelyand
interesting;
12)teachsb.sth.;
teachsbtodosth.
3、课余活动及周末生活:
1)spendone’stimeinmanydifferent
ways;
2)enjoydoingthingsbyoneself;
3)goswimming/fishing/shopping…
4)goforanouting/apicnic;
haveanoutingat(theseashore);
5)seethesightsofBeijing;
6)playthepiano(violin);
playchess(basketball);
7)haveaswim;
havedancesonweekends;
haveapicnicovertheweekend;
gotothecinema;
8)haveaparty;
9)holdasportsmeeting;
10)dosomereading;
11)helpsbdosth;
12)enjoyafamilytrip;
13)geteverythingreadyfor;
14)rideone’sbikewithsb.to(thepark);
15)Therearealotofactivitiesat
(thebeach).
16)Weenjoyachangefromourbusylifeinthecity.
17)Shewouldliketobringsth.tothepicnic.
18)ItwasaveryrelaxingSunday.
19)TherearegoodprogrammesonTV
onweekends.
20)Enjoymyself/ourselves;
haveawonderfultime
4、彼此沟通信息:
1)takeamessageforsb;
2)sendamessagetosb;
3)hearfromsb;
4)talkabout/of(谈到/说到)sth;
5)tell/asksbtodosth;
getinformationabout…;expressone’sidea(feelings)inEnglish;Writesbalettersaying…apologizetosbfor…;makeaspeechtatthemeeting;
6)thankyoufor…;explainsthtosb;lookuponsbas…thinksbtobe…;takesb’sside
5、事件中人的态度:
1)wouldliketodo;
allowsbtodo;forcesbtodo;callonsbtodo;
2)feellikedoing;insistondoing;
drivesb.off;
speakhighlyofsb;speakillofsb;thinkhighlyofsb;
3)beafraidtodo(beafraidof…);
offertodo;refusetodo;agreetodooffertodo,refusetodo;
agreetodo;prefertodoAratherthandoB;hadbetterdo/notdo;regretdoing;wouldrather(not)do.
4)keepsbfromdoing
prevent/stopsb.(from)doing);
6、事情过程:
havethehabitofdoing…;havenotroubledoing;makeupone’smindtodo;preparesb/oneselffor…;
1)giveupdoing…;dosthasusual;sbispreparedfor/tododowhathewantsustodo;setaboutdoing;/setouttodo
2)try/doone’sbesttodo…goallouttodo;getintotrouble;helpsbout;doone’sbitforthecountry;dosomegooddeedstopeople;
3)waitforsbtodo;
findawaytodo;
4)makefriendswithsb;
5)show(tell)sb.howtodo…;take(send)sbto…;passthetimedoing;feelalittleexcitedaboutdoing…;can’thelpdoing…;bepreparedformorehardwork;
Someare(doingsth.A),othersare(doingsth.B),andstillothersaredoing(sthC)
7、感观活动与思维活动:
lookaroundfor…;lookup(down)at…;catchsightof…;takealookat…;hearsbdo(doing);takenoticeof…;takeviewof…;haveagoodunderstandingof…;
considersb(sth)tobe…;cometoknow…;realizethat…;know