棉杆皮纤维碱改性处理及其性能研究.docx
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棉杆皮纤维碱改性处理及其性能研究
单位代码:
10709
分类号:
TS102.2
硕士学位论文
论文题目:
学科专业:
学号:
2008005
指导教师:
棉秆皮纤维碱改性处理
及其性能研究
纺织工程
研究生姓名:
孙建磊
李龙(教授)
答辩委员会主任委员:
薛少林(教授)
答辩日期:
2011年3月10日
摘要
棉秆皮纤维是一种新型的、环保的、绿色的天然纤维素纤维。
由于纤维粗、
刚度大,使其产品开发受到限制。
如何开发生产具有高附加值、多样化的棉秆皮
纤维产品,是棉秆皮纤维今后发展的主要出路。
因此,棉秆皮纤维的改性研究成
为了一项非常具有实际意义的工作。
本文对碱改性和碱-尿素改性的工艺参数分别进行了单因素分析,在此基础
上,设计正交实验,以失重率、纤维长度、细度、可挠度、断裂强度及断裂伸长
率为指标,对实验结果进行单因素分析显著影响因素,用模糊数学综合评价的方
法对碱改性和碱-尿素改性进行工艺优化,通过实验分析尿素对碱改性结果的影
响。
采用扫描电镜观测改性棉秆皮纤维外观形貌,通过X衍射法分析纤维的结
晶结构,红外光谱测定纤维化学组成,热重分析法观察纤维的热损失规律。
通过研究,得到了碱改性的优化工艺条件:
NaOH浓度50g/L,时间20min,
温度80℃,浴比1:
50;碱-尿素改性的优化工艺条件:
NaOH浓度20g/L,尿素浓
度2.0g/L,时间70min,温度80℃,浴比1:
50。
尿素对于棉秆皮纤维碱改性有一
定影响,但是作用不显著。
纤维经改性后,分散程度明显变好,纤维变细且表面
变得更加粗糙,转曲程度增加。
改性对于棉秆皮纤维的特征基团产生了影响,采
用X衍射对棉秆皮纤维的结晶度进行了研究,发现了改性前后的特征衍射峰的
位置和纤维素I的特征峰理论值基本吻合,表明经过碱和碱-尿素处理后,纤维
晶型并未受到较大影响,其结晶类型仍属于纤维素I晶型,用PEAKFFIT软件采
用高斯函数进行分峰,得到改性前的纤维结晶度68.55%,与黄麻结晶度值接近,
碱-尿素改性样结晶度62.98%,碱改性样的结晶度为62.53%,改性后纤维结晶度
有所降低。
棉秆皮纤维与麻纤维的热失重过程基本相似,在100℃以前,有失水
的重量损失,在250℃左右纤维开始热分解,有较大的失重发生。
改性后的纤维
热稳定性比改性前稍差。
关键词:
棉秆皮纤维,碱改性,碱-尿素改性,性能,结构
InvestigationonthePropertiesanditsalkali
modificationofCotton-stalkpeelfiber
ABSTRACT
Cotton-stalkpeelfiberisakindofnew,environmentalprotection,greennatural
cellulosefiber.Howtodevelophighvalue-addedandproductionofcottonstalks,is
themainwayoftheCotton-stalkpeelfiberforthefuturedevelopmentTherefore,the
researchonthemodificationofcotton-stalkspeelfiberhasbecomeaverypractical
work.
Theorthogonalexperimentaldesignandfuzzycomprehensiveevaluationmethod
wereusedinordertoobtainchemicalmodificationofparameters,Throughthe
experimentalanalysisofchemicalmodificationofureaaffecttheresult.Themodified
Cotton-stalkpeelfibermorphologywasobservedbySEM.Thefibercrystallinewas
calculatedbyX-raydiffractionanalysismethod.Ifraredspectrometryand
thermogravimetricanalysisofthefibersweretested.
Throughthestudy,wegettheoptimumprocessconditionsofthealkali
modification:
NaOHconcentration:
50g/L,time:
20min,temperature:
80degrees,
bath:
1:
50,theoptimumprocessconditionsofthealkali-ureamodification:
NaOH
concentration:
20g/L,ureaconcentration:
2.0g/L,temperature:
80degrees,time:
70min,bath:
1:
50.Meanwhile,wefoundtheureahadcertaininfluenceinthealkali
modificationCotton-stalkpeelfiber,butnosignificanteffect.Wealsofoundthatthe
fiberclassicsaftermodification,thedispersiondegreebecamebetter,thefineness
becamethinnerandthesurfacebecamemorerough,bendingdegreeincreases.The
resultsshowedthatthemodificationhadinfluencedthecharacteristicgroupsofthe
originalone.ThroughtheX-raydiffractiontest,wefoundthecharacteristicdiffraction
positionsoftheoriginalandmodifiedfiberwerebasicagreementwiththeoretical
valueofcelluloseI.ItshowedthetypeofcrystallizationstillbelongstothecelluloseI
afteralkali-ureaandalkalimodification.WithgaussfunctionofPEAKFFITsoftware
pointspeaks,itwasshowedthatcrystallinityoftheoriginalfiberwas68.55%,
crystallinityofthealkali-ureamodifiedfiberwas62.98%,andcrystallinityofthe
alkalimodifiedfiberwas62.53%.Crystallinityofthemodifiedfiberwaslessthanthe
origina.Thethermo-gravimetricprocessoftheCotton-stalkpeelfiberwassimilarto
hempfibers.In100°C,weightlosswasthecauseoftheloss,thefiberbeganto
pyrolysisinabout250°CCelsius,andweightlostsrapidly.Thethermalstabilityofthe
modificationfiberwaslessthantheorigina.
SunJian-lei(TextileEngineering)
DirectedbyProfessorLiLong
KEYWORDS:
cotton-stalkpeelfiber,alkalimodification,alkali-ureamodification,
property,structure
目录
1绪
论........................................................................................................................1
1.1引言............................................................................................................................1
1.2国内外棉秆皮纤维的研究现状................................................................................1
1.3棉秆皮纤维研究方向及研究意义............................................................................2
1.3.1棉秆皮纤维研究发展方向.....................................................................................2
1.3.2本课题的研究意义.................................................................................................3
1.4本课题的主要研究内容............................................................................................3
2棉秆皮纤维碱改性机理及实验方法................................................................5
2.1棉秆皮纤维碱改性基本原理....................................................................................5
2.1.1棉秆皮纤维碱改性机理.........................................................................................5
2.1.2棉秆皮纤维碱-尿素改性机理...............................................................................6
2.2实验原料和试验方法................................................................................................6
2.2.1实验原料准备.........................................................................................................6
2.2.2实验所用试剂.........................................................................................................6
2.2.3实验所用设备及仪器.............................................................................................6
2.2.4性能测试方法.........................................................................................................7
2.2.5实验分析方法.........................................................................................................8
3棉秆皮纤维碱改性工艺.....................................................................................13
3.1碱改性工艺参数分析..............................................................................................13
3.1.1温度.......................................................................................................................13
3.1.2反应时间...............................................................................................................13
3.1.3碱浓度...................................................................................................................13
3.2碱改性工艺实验......................................................................................................14
3.2.1试验工艺流程.......................................................................................................14
3.2.2改性前纤维性能...................................................................................................14
3.3碱改性单因素实验..................................................................................................14
3.3.1碱浓度对棉秆皮纤维性能的影响分析...............................................................14
3.3.2处理时间对棉秆皮纤维性能的影响分析...........................................................15
3.3.3处理温度对棉秆皮纤维性能的影响分析...........................................................16
3.4碱改性工艺优化......................................................................................................17
3.4.1正交试验方案的确定...........................................................................................17
3.4.2实验结果分析.......................................................................................................19
3.4.3基于模糊综合评价的正交试验结果分析...........................................................27
3.4.4验证试验...............................................................................................................28
3.5本章小结..................................................................................................................28
4棉秆皮纤维碱-尿素改性工艺..........................................................................31
4.1碱-尿素改性单因素实验.........................................................................................31
4.1.1碱浓度对棉秆皮纤维性能的影响分析...............................................................31
4.1.2尿素浓度对棉秆皮纤维性能的影响分析...........................................................32
4.1.3处理时间对棉秆皮纤维性能的影响分析...........................................................33
4.2碱-尿素工艺优化....................................................................................................34
4.2.1正交试验方案的确定...........................................................................................34
4.2.2实验结果分析.......................................................................................................34
4.2.3基于模糊综合评价的正交试验结果分析...........................................................43
4.2.4验证试验...............................................................................................................44
4.3本章小结..................................................................................................................45
5尿素改性作用对比实验.....................................................................................47
5.1对比实验参数的确定..............................................................................................47
5.2结果与讨论..............................................................................................................47
5.3本章小结..................................................................................................................50
6改性前后纤维结构比较.....................................................................................51
6.1棉秆皮纤维改性前后形态的变化..........................................................................51
6.2红外光谱测试..........................................................................................................53
6.2.1实验原理................................................................................................................53
6.2.2实验仪器................................................................................................................53
6.2.3结果与分析.....................