棉杆皮纤维碱改性处理及其性能研究.docx

1、棉杆皮纤维碱改性处理及其性能研究单位代码：10709分类号： TS102.2硕士学位论文论文题目：学科专业：学号：2008005指导教师：棉秆皮纤维碱改性处理及其性能研究纺织工程研究生姓名：孙建磊李 龙(教授)答辩委员会主任委员：薛少林（ 教 授）答辩日期：2011 年 3 月 10 日摘 要棉秆皮纤维是一种新型的、环保的、绿色的天然纤维素纤维。由于纤维粗、刚度大，使其产品开发受到限制。如何开发生产具有高附加值、多样化的棉秆皮纤维产品，是棉秆皮纤维今后发展的主要出路。因此，棉秆皮纤维的改性研究成为了一项非常具有实际意义的工作。本文对碱改性和碱-尿素改性的工艺参数分别进行了单因素分析，在此基础上

2、，设计正交实验，以失重率、纤维长度、细度、可挠度、断裂强度及断裂伸长率为指标，对实验结果进行单因素分析显著影响因素，用模糊数学综合评价的方法对碱改性和碱-尿素改性进行工艺优化，通过实验分析尿素对碱改性结果的影响。采用扫描电镜观测改性棉秆皮纤维外观形貌，通过 X 衍射法分析纤维的结晶结构，红外光谱测定纤维化学组成，热重分析法观察纤维的热损失规律。通过研究，得到了碱改性的优化工艺条件：NaOH 浓度 50g/L，时间 20min，温度 80，浴比 1:50；碱-尿素改性的优化工艺条件：NaOH 浓度 20g/L，尿素浓度 2.0g/L，时间 70min，温度 80，浴比 1:50。尿素对于棉秆皮纤

3、维碱改性有一定影响，但是作用不显著。纤维经改性后，分散程度明显变好，纤维变细且表面变得更加粗糙，转曲程度增加。改性对于棉秆皮纤维的特征基团产生了影响，采用 X 衍射对棉秆皮纤维的结晶度进行了研究，发现了改性前后的特征衍射峰的位置和纤维素 I 的特征峰理论值基本吻合，表明经过碱和碱-尿素处理后，纤维晶型并未受到较大影响，其结晶类型仍属于纤维素 I 晶型，用 PEAKFFIT 软件采用高斯函数进行分峰，得到改性前的纤维结晶度 68.55%，与黄麻结晶度值接近，碱-尿素改性样结晶度 62.98%，碱改性样的结晶度为 62.53%，改性后纤维结晶度有所降低。棉秆皮纤维与麻纤维的热失重过程基本相似，在

4、100以前，有失水的重量损失，在 250左右纤维开始热分解，有较大的失重发生。改性后的纤维热稳定性比改性前稍差。关键词：棉秆皮纤维，碱改性，碱-尿素改性，性能，结构Investigation on the Properties and its alkalimodification of Cotton-stalk peel fiberABSTRACTCotton-stalk peel fiber is a kind of new, environmental protection, green naturalcellulose fiber. How to develop high value-a

5、dded and production of cotton stalks, isthe main wayof the Cotton-stalk peel fiber for the future development Therefore, theresearch on the modification of cotton-stalks peel fiber has become a very practicalwork.The orthogonal experimental design and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation methodwere used i

6、n order to obtain chemical modification of parameters, Through theexperimental analysis of chemical modification of urea affect the result. The modifiedCotton-stalk peel fiber morphology was observed by SEM. The fiber crystalline wascalculated by X-ray diffraction analysis method. Ifrared spectromet

7、ry andthermogravimetric analysis of the fibers were tested.Through the study, we get the optimum process conditions of the alkalimodification: NaOH concentration: 50g/L , time: 20min, temperature: 80 degrees,bath: 1:50, the optimum process conditions of the alkali-urea modification: NaOHconcentratio

8、n: 20g/L, urea concentration: 2.0g/L, temperature: 80degrees, time:70min, bath: 1:50. Meanwhile, we found the urea had certain influence in the alkalimodification Cotton-stalk peel fiber, but no significant effect. We also found that thefiber classics after modification, the dispersion degree became

9、 better, the finenessbecame thinner and the surface became more rough, bending degree increases. Theresults showed that the modification had influenced the characteristic groups of theoriginal one. Through the X-ray diffraction test, we found the characteristic diffractionpositions of the original a

10、nd modified fiber were basic agreement with theoreticalvalue of cellulose I. It showed the type of crystallization still belongs to the cellulose Iafter alkali-urea and alkali modification. With gauss function of PEAKFFIT softwarepoints peaks, it was showed that crystallinity of the original fiber w

11、as 68.55%,crystallinity of the alkali-urea modified fiber was 62.98%, and crystallinity of thealkali modified fiber was 62.53%. Crystallinity of the modified fiber was less than theorigina. The thermo-gravimetric process of the Cotton-stalk peel fiber was similar tohemp fibers. In 100C, weight loss

12、was the cause of the loss, the fiber began topyrolysis in about 250C Celsius, and weight losts rapidly. The thermal stability of themodification fiber was less than the origina.Sun Jian-lei (Textile Engineering)Directed by Professor Li LongKEY WORDS: cotton-stalk peel fiber, alkali modification, alk

13、ali-urea modification,property, structure目 录1 绪论 .11.1 引言.11.2 国内外棉秆皮纤维的研究现状.11.3 棉秆皮纤维研究方向及研究意义.21.3.1 棉秆皮纤维研究发展方向.21.3.2 本课题的研究意义.31.4 本课题的主要研究内容.32 棉秆皮纤维碱改性机理及实验方法 .52.1 棉秆皮纤维碱改性基本原理.52.1.1 棉秆皮纤维碱改性机理.52.1.2 棉秆皮纤维碱-尿素改性机理 .62.2 实验原料和试验方法.62.2.1 实验原料准备.62.2.2 实验所用试剂.62.2.3 实验所用设备及仪器.62.2.4 性能测试方法.

14、72.2.5 实验分析方法.83 棉秆皮纤维碱改性工艺 .133.1 碱改性工艺参数分析.133.1.1 温度.133.1.2 反应时间.133.1.3 碱浓度.133.2 碱改性工艺实验.143.2.1 试验工艺流程.143.2.2 改性前纤维性能.143.3 碱改性单因素实验.143.3.1 碱浓度对棉秆皮纤维性能的影响分析.143.3.2 处理时间对棉秆皮纤维性能的影响分析.153.3.3 处理温度对棉秆皮纤维性能的影响分析.163.4 碱改性工艺优化.173.4.1 正交试验方案的确定.173.4.2 实验结果分析.193.4.3 基于模糊综合评价的正交试验结果分析.273.4.4 验

15、证试验.283.5 本章小结.284 棉秆皮纤维碱-尿素改性工艺.314.1 碱-尿素改性单因素实验 .314.1.1 碱浓度对棉秆皮纤维性能的影响分析.314.1.2 尿素浓度对棉秆皮纤维性能的影响分析.324.1.3 处理时间对棉秆皮纤维性能的影响分析.334.2 碱-尿素工艺优化 .344.2.1 正交试验方案的确定.344.2.2 实验结果分析.344.2.3 基于模糊综合评价的正交试验结果分析.434.2.4 验证试验.444.3 本章小结.455 尿素改性作用对比实验 .475.1 对比实验参数的确定.475.2 结果与讨论.475.3 本章小结.506 改性前后纤维结构比较 .516.1 棉秆皮纤维改性前后形态的变化.516.2 红外光谱测试.536.2.1 实验原理.536.2.2 实验仪器.536.2.3 结果与分析.