跨国并购财务风险外文翻译文献.docx
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跨国并购财务风险外文翻译文献
跨国并购财务风险外文翻译文献
(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)
FinancialRisksofChineseEnterprises’Cross-BorderMergersandAcquisitions
Abstract
WithoverallstrengthofChineseenterprisesandnationalgoingoutstrategy,cross-borderM&AsinitiatedbyChineseenterpriseshavebeenbooming.However,comparedwithdevelopedcountries,ChineseenterprisesstartedtheirM&Aslateandlackedexperienceandprofessionals.Asaresult,Chineseenterprisesfacedwithnumerousrisksincross-borderM&As,especially
15
withthefinancialrisks.Thispaper,basedontheanalysisofChineseenterprises’cross-borderM&Ascasesinrecentyears,explainedhowthefinancialrisksformedandfinallycameupwithefficaciousprecautionarymeasures.
Keywords:
Chineseenterprise;M&As;Financial;risks
1.OVERVIEWOFFINANCIALRISKSOFCROSS-BORDERM&AS
Financialrisksrefertothereimbursementrisksandchangeofreturnstoshareholderstriggeredbyfinancingdecisionintheprocessofenterprises’cross-bordermergersandacquisitions(abbr.M&As).Enterprisesoftengothroughthreephases—valuation,financing,andpayment—intheprocessofcross-borderM&As.Basedonvaluation,financing,andpayment,decisionsaffectenterprises’assetsstructureandeventheirsolvencyandreturnstotheirshareholders.Inaddition,cross-borderM&Asuseaninternationalcurrencyformostcountries.Changeinexchangeratesaffectscorporateearnings,aswellasshareholders’returns.Therefore,therearefourmaintypesoffinancialrisks:
valuationrisk,financingrisk,paymentrisk,andexchangeraterisk.
2.STATUSOFCHINESEENTERPRISES’CROSS-BORDERM&AS
Combiningwithgoingoutstrategy,Chineseenterprisesupgradetheirstrengthandparticipateinthecontextofeconomicglobalization.Chineseenterprisesbegintogoabroad,mergingandacquiringforeignones.AlthoughChineseenterprises’cross-borderM&Asstartedlate,Chinahasbecometheworld’sfifthcross-borderacquiringpowerin2009.StatusofChineseenterprises’cross-borderM&Asisasfollows:
2.1IncreasesintheNumberandScaleofM&As
Intheyearof2008,Chinesecompaniescompletedonly30casesofcross-borderM&As,costinglessthan$9billion.Intheyearof2013,Chinesecompaniescompleted99cross-borderM&A,amountingto$38.5billion.ThenumberofM&Asdoubled,whilethetotalamountgrewmorethanthreetimes.
2.2LargeState-OwnedEnterprisesasM&AsSubject
Comparedwithprivateenterprises,largestate-ownedenterpriseshavemoretheirowncapital.Itiseasyforthemtogetloansandfinance,soChinesecross-borderM&Asaremostlydonebylargestate-ownedenterprises.OntheSummerDavosForumin2013,Andrew,GlobalChairmanofKPMGInternational,pointedoutthat86%oftheChina’sforeigninvestmentcame
fromChina’s
state-ownedenterprises.ByfarinChina,thelargestcross-borderM&AswasinitiatedbyChina’sstate-ownedenterprisesCNOOC.OnFebruary27,2013,CNOOCsuccessfullyacquiredNexenCorp.,aCanadiancompany,byspending$15.1billion.
2.3CashastheMainFormofPayment
China’smarketeconomystatushasnotbeenrecognizedbyallcountries,and,toacertainextent,Chineseenterprisesarediscriminatedincross-borderM&As.Inaddition,China’sfinancialmarketisnotperfect.Inordertogaindirectcontroloftheacquiredenterprises,Chineseenterprisesmostlypaybycash.AccordingtoBloomberg,79.4%ofChina’scross-borderM&Asmadetheirpaymentbycash,3.3%bystock,andonly1.18%byothermode.
2.4IncreasedImpactofExchangeRateonM&As
Beforetheyearof2012,thefloatingrangeofRMBagainstU.S.dollarwasonly0.5%.Since2012,China’scentralbankadjustedthefloatingrangeofRMBagainstU.S.dollarto1%,andonMarch15,2014,extendeditto2%.Comparedtothepreviousfixedexchangerate,thechangeofexchangeratesignificantlyincreased,whichmadetheChineseenterprisesbegintoconsidertheimpactofexchangeratechangeonacquisitioncostsintheirM&As.
3.FINANCIALRISKSFACEDWITH
CHINESEENTERPRISESINCROSSBORDERM&ASChineseenterprisesbegantoparticipateincross-borderM&Asactivelyonlyinthepasttenyears.Thelackofexperiencemadeitdifficulttoaccuratelyvaluethetargetenterprises.China’sfinancialmarketisnotmature,itisdifficultforChineseenterprisestofinanceandchoosepaymentmode.Atthesametime,theinternationalfinancialmarketfluctuates,and RMBisnotan internationalmonetary.Cross-borderM&Asisdonebydollaroreuro,whichbringsriskstoChinesecross-borderM&As.
3.1TheValuationRisk
DeterminationofthetransactionpriceofM&AsisactuallyagameplayingbyinitiatorsandtargetsofM&As.Undernormalcircumstances,theinitiatorscannotfullygrasptheinformationoftargetcorporat