高三英语阶段性自测试题I.docx

高三英语阶段性自测试题I.docx

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高三英语阶段性自测试题I

2019-2020年高三英语4月阶段性自测试题（I）

一、阅读理解

A

LargerbrainsizelinkedtolongerlifeindeerThesizeofafemaleanimals’brainmaydeterminewhethertheylivelongerandhavemorehealthyoffspring（后代）,accordingtonewresearchledbytheUniversityofCambridge.

Thestudy,publishedintheRoyalSocietyOpenSciencejournal,showsthatfemalereddeerwith

largerbrainslivelongerandhavemoresurvivingoffspringthanthosewithsmallerbrains.Brainsizeispasseddownthroughthegenerations.Thisisthefirstextensivestudyofindividualdifferencesinbrainsizeinwildmammalsanddrawsondataparingseven

generationsofdeer.

Acrossspeciesofmammals,brainsizevarieswidely.Thisisthoughttobeaconsequenceofspecificdifferencesinthebenefitsandcostsofalargerbrain.Mammalswithlargerbrainsmay,forexample,havegreatercognitiveabilitiesthatenablethemtoadaptbettertoenvironmentalchangesortheymayhavelongerlifespans（寿命）.Buttheremayalsobedisadvantages:

forinstance,largerbrainsrequiremoreenergy,soindividualsthatpossessthemmayshowreducedfertility（繁殖力）.

Theresearchers,basedattheUniversityofCambridge’sZoologyDepartmentandEdinburghUniversity’sInstituteofEvolutionaryBiology,wantedtotestiftheycouldfindmoredirectgeneticornon-geneticevidenceofthecostsandbenefitsoflargebrainsizebyparingthelongevity（长寿）andsurvivalofindividualsofthesamespecieswithdifferentsizedbrains.Usingtheskullsof1,314wildreddeerwhoselifehistoriesandbreedingsuccesshadbeenmonitoredinthecourseofalong-termstudyontheIsleofRum,theyfoundthatfemaleswithlargerendocranialvolumes（脑腔容量）livedlongerandproducedmoresurvivingoffspringinthecourseoftheirlives.

LeadauthorDrCorinaLogan,aGatesCambridgeScholar,says,“Thereasonsfortheassociationbetweenbrainsizeandlongevityarenotknown,butotherstudieshavesuggestedthatlargerbrainsareaconsequenceofthelonger-livedspecieshavinglongerdevelopmentalperiodsinwhichthebraincangrow.Thesehypotheses（假设）weregeneratedfromcross-speciescorrelations;however,testingsuchhypothesesrequiresinvestigationsatthewithin-specieslevel,whichiswhatwedid.”

DrLoganadds,“Wefoundthatsomeofthecross-speciespredictionsaboutbrainsizeheldforfemalereddeer,andthatnoneofthepredictionsweresupportedinmalereddeer.Thisindicatesthateachsexlikelyexperiencesitsownsetoftrade-offs（权衡，协调）withregardtobrainsize.”Thestudyalsoshowedthatfemales’relativeendocranialvolumeissmallerthanthatofmales,despiteevidenceofselectionforlargerbrainsinfemales.

ProfessorTimClutton-Brock,whosetuptheRumRedDeerstudywithFionaGuinnessin1972andinitiatedtheworkonbrainsize,pointsout,“Thereasonthatthiskindofstudyhasnotbeenconductedbeforeisthatitrequireslongtermrecordsofalargenumberofindividualsacrossmultiplegenerationsanddataofthiskindarestillrareinwildanimals.”

1．Whatdoesthenewresearchaboutbrainsizereveal?

A.Large-brainreddeertendtobemorereproductive.

B.Large-brainfemaledeersurvivesmall-brainmaledeer.

C.Brainsizecausesindividualdifferencesinsomemammals.

D.Brainsizehasbeenincreasingfromgenerationtogeneration.

2．Fordifferentspeciesofmammals,brainsizevarieswidelyinthat______.

A.mammalscandevelopdifferentadaptiveabilities

B.alargerbrainhasitsadvantagesanddisadvantages

C.differentmammalsarebornwithdifferentlifespans

D.brainsizeisaffectedbygeneticornon-geneticfactors

3．Whatcanwelearnabouttherelationbetweenbrainsizeandlongevity?

A.Thecauseandeffectneedstobefurtherinvestigated.

B.Brainsizeabsolutelydeterminesanimals’longevity.

C.Longer-livedspeciesallowbrainstogrowtoalargesize.

D.Thecross-speciesassumptionsapplytoreddeerofbothsexes.

4．WhatcanweinferfromProfessorTimClutton-Brock’swords?

A.Researcherscan’tpossiblyreachaconclusionaboutthereason.

B.Researchersarenotpatientenoughtokeeplongtermrecords.

C.Suchresearchhasbeenthoroughlyconductedonwildanimalsbefore.

D.Suchresearchwillwitnessgreatdifficultyinthelong-termprocess.

B

Chinahasmorethan30intangibleculturalheritage（非物质文化遗产）recognizedbytheUNESCO,includingpaper-cutting,theDragonBoatFestival,PekingOpera,acupuncture（针灸）andsoon.TheorganizationadoptedadecisionthatChina’s“TheTwenty-FourSolarTerms”（二十四节气）shouldbeputontheRepresentativeListoftheIntangibleCulturalHeritageofHumanityin

2016inEthiopia.

TheTwenty-FourSolarTerms,knowledgeoftimeandpracticesinagriculture,startsfromtheBeginningofSpringandendswiththeGreaterCold,movingincycles.Itdevelopedthroughtheeobservationofthesun’sannualmovementinChina.Inancienttime,themethodoftugui,earthsundial（日暑）,wasusedtomeasuretheshadowofthesunfordeterminingthesolarterms.

TheTwenty-FourSolarTermscameintobeinganddevelopedincloserelationshipwithChineseagriculturalproduction.Attheinitialstageofagriculturaldevelopment,peoplebegantoexploretheseasonalrulesintheagriculturalproductiontomeettheneedsinseeding,harvestingandotheractivities.Gradually,theyformedtheconceptof“seedinspring,growinsummer,harvestinautumnandstoreinwinter”.Duringthespringandautumnperiods,theagriculturalproductionwashighlyinfluencedbytheseasonalchanges,thusformingtheconceptofSolarTerms.

AsatraditionalChineseknowledgesystemoftimewithahistoryofthousandsofyears,theTwenty-FourSolarTermsclearlyexpressestheconceptsofrespectfornature,andharmonybetweenmanandnature.CreatedbyChineseancestors,ithasfunctionedasapletesetofweathercalendar（日历）toguidetheagriculturalproductioninChina.IthasalsobeenintroducedintoNorthKorea,JapanandotherneighboringcountriesandstillusedinJapan.TheChineseheritagehasprovablyinfluencedthepeople’swayofthinkingandbehavingandwillcontinuetobeanimportantcarrierofChineseculturalidentity.

5．Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,theTwenty-FourSolarTerms______.

A.wasusedtomeasuretheshadowofthesun

B.hasnotbeenlistedasoneintangibleculturalheritageofhumanity

C.repeatsfromtheBeginningofSpringtotheGreaterColdeveryyear

D.isthebestintangibleculturalheritagerecognizedbytheUNESCO

6．Wecanlearnfromthetextthat_______inChinainthepast.

A.theTwenty-FourSolarTermsonlyinfluencedspringandautumn

B.theTwenty-FourSolarTermshadsomethingtodowithagriculture

C.peoplecaredaboutthechangesofweatherjustforfun

D.agriculturalproductionhighlyinfluencedtheseasonalchanges

7．WecaninferfromthetextthattheTwenty-FourSolarTerms_______.

A.isanagriculturalcalendarmerelyusedinChina

B.isstronglyinfluencedbyNorthKoreaandJapan

C.isscarcelyconnectedwithnaturalreles

D.ispartoftraditionalChineseculture

C

Soonenough,wewilllosesomeofthemostamazingsitesonEarth!

TheGreatBarrierReef---Risingairtemperatureswillcauseseatemper

aturestoriseaswell.Alllifesupportedbytheoceanswillbeaffectedwiththisshocktotheirecosystem.Coralaresomeofthemostvulnerablemarineanimalsandwearealreadywatchingwholereefsdisappear.TheGreatBarrierReefinAustraliaisnoexceptionandwillcontinuetoshrinkasthetemperaturesrise!

Thesereefsaresomeofthebestintheworldfordiving,buttheywillsoondisappear!

Venice---Sprawingacross（横跨）hundredsofsmallislandsinNortheastItaly,VeniceisatextremeriskofsinkingintotheAdriaticSea.Risingsealevelsareinfactaseriousthreattomanycoastalcitieslocatedatsealevel.Luckyforus,however,Veniceisdevelopingaseriesofseawallstoprotectthecityintimesofhightide.

Glacier（冰川）NationalPark---GlacierNationalParkwasoncecoveredbyover150glaciers,butby2005itonlyhadabout27!

LocatedinMontana,Canada,thisparkisoveramillionacresandhasahugeplantandwildlifepopulation.Astemperaturesrise,theglaciersandicemelt,whichwillupsettheecosystemssustainingoverathousandplantspeciesandhundredsofanimals.

TheAmazon---Thecausebehindthedisappearanceofthesefantasticplacesultimatelyesdowntohumans.Ourexpansionusuallyrequirescuttingdownforestsforland,fuelandmaterials,butrarelyconsiderstheconsequences.Theseforestsaresourcesoffoodandmedicineforjustabouteveryoneontheplanet!

Whatwillhappenifwelosethesevaluableplacesandbeautifuldestinations?

!

8．Accordingtothetext,whatiscausingcoral’sdeath?

A.Risingsealevels

B.Humans’divingactivities

C.Risingseatemperatures

D.Theshrinkage（缩小）oftheirhabitats

9．Whatcanweinferfromthepartof“Venice”?

A.VeniceistheonlycoastalcityofItaly

B.Manyplacesareintheriskofsinkingbelowthesealevel

C.Venicewillneversinkbecauseoftheprotectionofseawalls

D.ItalyconsistsofhundredsofsmallislandsintheAdriaticSea

10．WhatcanwelearnaboutGlacierNationalParkfromthetext?

A.ItcoversalargeareainMontana

B.Itiscoveredbyover150glaciers

C.Plantspeciesandanimalsinithavediedout

D.Itdoesn’tsupportanylivingthingforitscold

11．Whichsite’sshrinkingreasondiffersfromtheothersites?

A.TheGreatBarrierReefB.Venice

C.GlacierNationalParkD.TheAmazon

D

Anewgenerationaddictionisquicklyspreadingallovertheworld.Weboholism,atwentiethcenturydisease,affectspeoplefromdifferentages.Theysurfthenet,useemailandspeakinchatrooms.Theyspendmanyhoursontheputer,anditbeesap