高三英语阶段性自测试题I.docx

1、高三英语阶段性自测试题I2019-2020年高三英语4月阶段性自测试题(I)一、阅读理解ALarger brain size linked to longer life in deerThe size of a female animals brain may determine whether they live longer and have more healthy offspring (后代), according to new research led by the University of Cambridge.The study, published in the Royal S

2、ociety Open Science journal, shows that female red deer with larger brains live longer and have more surviving offspring than those with smaller brains. Brain size is passed down through the generations. This is the first extensive study of individual differences in brain size in wild mammals and dr

3、aws on data paring seven generations of deer.Across species of mammals, brain size varies widely. This is thought to be a consequence of specific differences in the benefits and costs of a larger brain. Mammals with larger brains may, for example, have greater cognitive abilities that enable them to

4、 adapt better to environmental changes or they may have longer lifespans (寿命) . But there may also be disadvantages: for instance, larger brains require more energy, so individuals that possess them may show reduced fertility (繁殖力).The researchers, based at the University of Cambridges Zoology Depar

5、tment and Edinburgh Universitys Institute of Evolutionary Biology, wanted to test if they could find more direct genetic or non-genetic evidence of the costs and benefits of large brain size by paring the longevity (长寿) and survival of individuals of the same species with different sized brains. Usi

6、ng the skulls of 1,314 wild red deer whose life histories and breeding success had been monitored in the course of a long-term study on the Isle of Rum, they found that females with larger endocranial volumes (脑腔容量) lived longer and produced more surviving offspring in the course of their lives.Lead

7、 author Dr Corina Logan, a Gates Cambridge Scholar, says, “The reasons for the association between brain size and longevity are not known, but other studies have suggested that larger brains are a consequence of the longer-lived species having longer developmental periods in which the brain can grow

8、. These hypotheses (假设) were generated from cross-species correlations; however, testing such hypotheses requires investigations at the within-species level, which is what we did.”Dr Logan adds, “We found that some of the cross-species predictions about brain size held for female red deer, and that

9、none of the predictions were supported in male red deer. This indicates that each sex likely experiences its own set of trade-offs (权衡，协调) with regard to brain size.” The study also showed that females relative endocranial volume is smaller than that of males, despite evidence of selection for large

10、r brains in females.Professor Tim Clutton-Brock, who set up the Rum Red Deer study with Fiona Guinness in 1972 and initiated the work on brain size, points out, “The reason that this kind of study has not been conducted before is that it requires long term records of a large number of individuals ac

11、ross multiple generations and data of this kind are still rare in wild animals.”1What does the new research about brain size reveal?A. Large-brain red deer tend to be more reproductive.B. Large-brain female deer survive small-brain male deer.C. Brain size causes individual differences in some mammal

12、s.D. Brain size has been increasing from generation to generation.2For different species of mammals, brain size varies widely in that _.A. mammals can develop different adaptive abilitiesB. a larger brain has its advantages and disadvantagesC. different mammals are born with different lifespansD. br

13、ain size is affected by genetic or non-genetic factors3What can we learn about the relation between brain size and longevity?A. The cause and effect needs to be further investigated.B. Brain size absolutely determines animals longevity.C. Longer-lived species allow brains to grow to a large size.D.

14、The cross-species assumptions apply to red deer of both sexes.4What can we infer from Professor Tim Clutton-Brocks words?A. Researchers cant possibly reach a conclusion about the reason.B. Researchers are not patient enough to keep long term records.C. Such research has been thoroughly conducted on

15、wild animals before.D. Such research will witness great difficulty in the long-term process.BChina has more than 30 intangible cultural heritage(非物质文化遗产) recognized by the UNESCO, including paper-cutting, the Dragon Boat Festival, Peking Opera, acupuncture(针灸) and so on. The organization adopted a d

16、ecision that Chinas “The Twenty-Four Solar Terms”(二十四节气) should be put on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2016 in Ethiopia.The Twenty-Four Solar Terms, knowledge of time and practices in agriculture, starts from the Beginning of Spring and ends with the Gre

17、ater Cold, moving in cycles. It developed through thee observation of the suns annual movement in China. In ancient time, the method of tugui, earth sundial(日暑), was used to measure the shadow of the sun for determining the solar terms.The Twenty-Four Solar Terms came into being and developed in clo

18、se relationship with Chinese agricultural production. At the initial stage of agricultural development, people began to explore the seasonal rules in the agricultural production to meet the needs in seeding, harvesting and other activities. Gradually, they formed the concept of “seed in spring, grow

19、 in summer, harvest in autumn and store in winter”. During the spring and autumn periods, the agricultural production was highly influenced by the seasonal changes, thus forming the concept of Solar Terms.As a traditional Chinese knowledge system of time with a history of thousands of years, the Twe

20、nty-Four Solar Terms clearly expresses the concepts of respect for nature, and harmony between man and nature. Created by Chinese ancestors, it has functioned as a plete set of weather calendar(日历) to guide the agricultural production in China. It has also been introduced into North Korea, Japan and

21、 other neighboring countries and still used in Japan. The Chinese heritage has provably influenced the peoples way of thinking and behaving and will continue to be an important carrier of Chinese cultural identity.5According to the first two paragraphs, the Twenty-Four Solar Terms_.A. was used to me

22、asure the shadow of the sunB. has not been listed as one intangible cultural heritage of humanityC. repeats from the Beginning of Spring to the Greater Cold every yearD. is the best intangible cultural heritage recognized by the UNESCO6We can learn from the text that _ in China in the past.A. the Tw

23、enty-Four Solar Terms only influenced spring and autumnB. the Twenty-Four Solar Terms had something to do with agricultureC. people cared about the changes of weather just for funD. agricultural production highly influenced the seasonal changes7We can infer from the text that the Twenty-Four Solar T

24、erms _.A. is an agricultural calendar merely used in ChinaB. is strongly influenced by North Korea and JapanC. is scarcely connected with natural relesD. is part of traditional Chinese cultureCSoon enough, we will lose some of the most amazing sites on Earth!The Great Barrier Reef-Rising air tempera

25、tures will cause sea temperatures to rise as well. All life supported by the oceans will be affected with this shock to their ecosystem. Coral are some of the most vulnerable marine animals and we are already watching whole reefs disappear. The Great Barrier Reef in Australia is no exception and wil

26、l continue to shrink as the temperatures rise! These reefs are some of the best in the world for diving, but they will soon disappear!Venice-Sprawing across(横跨)hundreds of small islands in Northeast Italy, Venice is at extreme risk of sinking into the Adriatic Sea. Rising sea levels are in fact a se

27、rious threat to many coastal cities located at sea level. Lucky for us, however, Venice is developing a series of sea walls to protect the city in times of high tide.Glacier(冰川)National Park-Glacier National Park was once covered by over 150 glaciers, but by 2005 it only had about 27! Located in Mon

28、tana, Canada, this park is over a million acres and has a huge plant and wildlife population. As temperatures rise, the glaciers and ice melt, which will upset the ecosystems sustaining over a thousand plant species and hundreds of animals.The Amazon-The cause behind the disappearance of these fanta

29、stic places ultimately es down to humans. Our expansion usually requires cutting down forests for land, fuel and materials, but rarely considers the consequences. These forests are sources of food and medicine for just about everyone on the planet!What will happen if we lose these valuable places an

30、d beautiful destinations?!8According to the text, what is causing corals death?A. Rising sea levelsB. Humans diving activitiesC. Rising sea temperaturesD. The shrinkage(缩小)of their habitats9What can we infer from the part of “Venice”?A. Venice is the only coastal city of ItalyB. Many places are in t

31、he risk of sinking below the sea levelC. Venice will never sink because of the protection of sea wallsD. Italy consists of hundreds of small islands in the Adriatic Sea10What can we learn about Glacier National Park from the text?A. It covers a large area in MontanaB. It is covered by over 150 glaci

32、ersC. Plant species and animals in it have died outD. It doesnt support any living thing for its cold11Which sites shrinking reason differs from the other sites?A. The Great Barrier Reef B. VeniceC. Glacier National Park D. The AmazonDA new generation addiction is quickly spreading all over the world. Weboholism, a twentieth century disease, affects people from different ages. They surf the net, use email and speak in chat rooms. They spend many hours on the puter, and it bees a p