语法专题八 情态动词8.docx
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语法专题八情态动词8
第八讲 情态动词
一.真题自测
1.(四川卷13)—Idon’tcarewhatpeoplethink.
—Well,you_______
A.could B.would C.should D.might
2.(江苏卷28)Hedidnotregretsayingwhathedidbutfeltthathe itdifferently.
A.couldexpress B.wouldexpress
C.couldhaveexpressed D.musthaveexpressed
3.(全国卷I25)Whatdoyoumean,thereareonlytentickets?
There betwelve.
A.should B.would
C.will D.shall
4.(湖南卷30)—It’stheoffice!
Soyou knoweatingisnotallowedhere.
—Oh,sorry.
A.must B.will C.may D.need
5.(辽宁卷29)Thetrafficisheavythesedays.I arriveabitlate,socouldyousavemeaplace?
Acan Bmust Cneed Dmight
6.(全国卷II20)Ican’tleave.ShetoldmethatI_____stayhereuntilshecomesback.
A.can B.must C.will D.may
7.(浙江卷13)Thedoctorrecommendedthatyou swimaftereatingalargemeal.
Awouldn’t Bcouldn’t Cneedn’t Dshouldn’t
8.(重庆卷32)—Hi,Tom.AnyideawhereJaneis?
—She_____intheclassroom.Isawhertherejustnow.
A.shallbe B.shouldhavebeen
C.mustbe D.mighthavebeen
9.(北京卷25)Oneofthefewthingsyou___sayaboutEnglishpeoplewithcertaintyisthattheytalkalotabouttheweather.
A.need B.must C.should D.can
10.(天津卷15)Thisprinterisofgoodquality.Ifit_______breakdownwithinthefirstyear,wewouldrepairitatourexpense.
A.would B.should C.could D.might
二.考点讲义
情态动词
一、定义
情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度。
二、特点
1.有一定词义;
2.不受主语人称和数的变化影响;
3.与主要动词的原形(或称不带to的不定式)一起构成谓语(除oughtto作固定词组看待)。
情态动词无人称和数的变化,情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形,否定式构成是在情态动词后面加“not”。
个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式,过去式用来表达更加客气,委婉的语气,时态性不强,可用于过去,现在或将来。
情态动词属非及物动词,故没有被动语态。
基本助动词与情态助动词最主要的区别之一是,基本助动词本身没有词义,而情态助动词则有自己的词义,能表示说话人对有关动作或状态的看法,或表示主观设想。
三、用法
1.can(could)
EveryoneherecanspeakEnglish.(表能力)
Hecan't/couldn'thaveseenherthere.(表猜测)
Hecouldhavegonehome.(表猜测)
Could/CanIuseyourpen?
Yes,ofcourseyoucan.(表允许)
Howcanyoubesocareless?
(表怀疑、惊异,主要用于否定、疑问句)
Can/Couldyoulendmeahand?
(表委婉发表观点)
2.may(might)
Youmaytakewhateveryoulike.(表允许,证据更委婉)
注:
在回答以may引起的问句时,多避免用这个词,而用其他方式,如Yes,please./Certainly./Pleasedon't./You'dbetternot./No,youmustn't.等,以免显得太严谨或不客气。
Theymightbehavingameeting,butI'mnotsure.(表可能)
3.must
Youmustbuyaticket.(表义务,意为“必须”)
注:
回答Must...?
引出的问句时,肯定回答用must;否定回答不能用mustn't,而要用needn't或don'thaveto。
—MustIfinishmyhomeworknow?
—Yes,youmust.(No,youneedn't/don'thaveto.)
ThismustbeLucy's.(表猜测,意为“想必;准是;一定”等,用于肯定)
“musthave+过去分词”表示“想必”之意,表示对过去的事情的推测。
4.shall
ShallIplaysocceraftersupper?
MayIplaysocceraftersupper?
Ifyoudon'tbehaveyourself,youshallbepunished.
5.will
Iwilldoanythingforyou.我愿为你做任何事。
(表意愿,用于各种人称陈述句)
Willyougivemeacigarette?
OrIwilltelltheboss.(表请求,用于疑问句)
Shewillstandtheresleepingforhours.(表示某种倾向或习惯性动作)
6.should
Youshouldn'tbesocareless.(表义务,意为“应该”,用于各种人称)
TheyshouldhavearrivedinBeijingbythistime.(表推测,意为“想必一定、照说应该、估计”等)
Itissimplyamiraclethatriceshouldgrowinsuchaplace.(表示语气较强的意为“假设;万一;竟然”)
7.would
IsaidIwoulddoanythingforyou.(表意愿)
Wouldyoupleasetellmethewaytothenearestbusstop?
(表委婉地提出请求、建议或看法)
Whenhehadaproblemtosolve,hewouldworkatituntilhefoundananswer.(表过去反复发生的动作或过去的一种倾向)
8.oughtto
Ireallyoughttophonemymother.(表义务,意为“应该”,口气比should稍重)
There'safinesunset;itoughttobeafinedaytomorrow.(表推测,暗含很大的可能,语气较弱)
9.usedto
Thereusedtobeabuildingatthestreetcorner,butithasbeenpulleddown.(表示过去的习惯动作或状态,现在不再发生或不复存在)
Iusedn't/didn'tusetosmoke.(否定式)
Usedyou(Didyouuse)togotoschoolonfoot?
(疑问式)
三.考点强化
情态动词和虚拟语气
(2011全国卷I)32.They________havearrivedatlunchtimebuttheirflightwasdelayed.
A.willB.can
C.mustD.should
(2011全国卷II)8.Ifyou_______smoke,pleasegooutside.
A.canB.shouldC.mustD.may
(2011北京卷)24.-Idon’treallylikeJames.Whydidyouinvitehim?
-Don’tworry.He__________come.Hesaidhewasn’tcertainwhathisplanswere.
A.mustnotB.neednotC.wouldnotD.mightnot
(2011北京卷)30.MaybeifI_______science,andnotliteraturethen,Iwouldbeabletogiveyoumorehelp.
A.studiedB.wouldstudyC.hadstudiedD.wasstudying
(2011北京卷)28.-Wherearethechildren?
Thedinner’sgoingtobecompletelyruined.
-Iwishthey_________alwayslate.
A.weren’tB.hadn’tbeenC.wouldn’tbeD.wouldn’thavebeen
(2011上海卷)28.I_____worryaboutmyweekend—Ialwayshavemyplansreadybeforeitcomes.
A.can’tB.mustn’tC.daren’tD.needn’t
(2011天津卷)15.I______soonerbutIdidn’tknowthattheywerewaitingforme.
A.hadcomeB.wascomingC.wouldcomeD.wouldhavecome
(2011江西卷)23.It______bethepostmanatthedoor.It’sonlysixo’clock.
A.mustn’tB.can’tC.won’tD.needn’t
(2011江西卷)28.We______John’snameontheracelistyesterdaybutforhisrecentinjury.
A.willputB.willhaveputC.wouldputD.wouldhaveput
(2011江苏卷)34.—Ileftmyhandbagonthetrain,butluckilysomeonegaveittotherailwayofficials.
—Howunbelievabletogetitback!
Imean,someone_______it.
A.willhavestolenB.mighthavestolenC.shouldhavestolenD.musthavestolen
(2011安徽卷)26.—Whatdoyouthinkofstoreshoppinginthefuture?
—Personally,Ithinkitwillexistalongwithhomeshoppingbut_____.
A.willneverreplaceB.wouldneverreplaceC.willneverbereplacedD.wouldneverbereplaced
(2011浙江卷)11.—How’syournewbabysitter?
—We______askforabetterone.Allourkidslovehersomuch.
A.shouldB.mightC.mustn’tD.couldn’t
(2011福建卷)25.—ShallIinformhimofthechangeoftheschedulerightnow?
—Iamafraidyou_______,incasehecomeslateforthemeeting.
A.willB.mustC.mayD.can
(2011福建卷)34.—Pityyoumissedthelectureonnuclearpollution.
—I____it,butIwasbusypreparingforajobinterview.
A.attendedB.hadattended
C.wouldattendD.wouldhaveattended
(2011四川卷)20.Thepolicestillhaven’tfoundthelostchild,butthey’redoingallthey______..
A.canB.mayC.mustD.should
(2011辽宁卷)21.Ifyou__go,atleastwaituntilthestormisover.
A.canB.mayC.mustD.will
(2011陕西卷)22.I__________throughthatbitterperiodwithoutyourgeneroushelp.
A.couldn’thavegoneB.didn’tgoC.wouldn’tgoD.hadn’tgone
(2011陕西卷)24.—Willyoureadmeastory,Mummy?
--OK.You________haveoneifyougotobedassoonaspossible.
A.mightB.mustC.couldD.shall
(2011重庆卷)25.——Whydidn’tyoucometoSimon’spartylastnight?
——Iwantto,butmymomsimply_________notletmeoutsolateatnight.
A.couldB.mightC.wouldD.should
(2011湖南卷)28.---Noone_______becomparedwithYaoMinginplayingbasketball.
---Oh,youarereallyhisbigfan.
A.canB.needC.mustD.might
(2012全国卷I)30.I___useaclocktowakemeupbecauseatsixo'clockeachmorningthetraincomesbymyhouse.
A.couldn'tB.mustn'tC.shouldn'tD.needn't
(2012全国卷II)17.I’mgoingtoEuropeonvacationtogetherwithJohnifI___findthemoney.
A.canB.mightC.wouldD.need
(2012北京卷)33.We______thedifficultytogether,butwhydidn’tyoutellme?
A.shouldfaceB.mightfaceC.couldhavefacedD.musthavefaced
(2012北京卷)35.Don’thandlethevaseasifit____madeofsteel.
A.isB.wereC.hasbeenD.hadbeen
(2012上海卷)(2012上海卷)28.Thenewlawstatesthatpeople______driveafterdrinkingalcohol.
A.wouldn'tB.needn'tC.won'tD.mustn't
(2012天津卷)8.It’squitewarmhere;we__________turntheheatingonyet.
A.couldn’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.wouldn’t
(2012天津卷)15.Wewouldn’thavecalledataxiyesterdayifHarold__________usaridehome.
A.didn’tofferB.wouldn’tofferC.hasn’tofferedD.hadn’toffered
(2012江苏卷)28.Dayslater,mybrothercalledtosayhewasallright,but________saywherehewas.
A.mustn’tB.shouldn’tC.wouldn’tD.mightn’t
(2012安徽卷)31.Gracedoesn’twanttomovetoNewYorkbecauseshethinksifshe________there,shewouldn’tbeabletoseeherparentsveryoften.
A.livesB.wouldliveC.livedD.werelive
(2012湖南卷)29.Sorry,Iamtoobusynow.IfI________time,Iwouldcertainlygoforanoutingwithyou.
A.havehadB.hadhadC.haveD.had
(2012福建卷)31.Welostourwayinthatsmallvillage,otherwisewe____moreplacesofinterestyesterday.
A.visitedB.hadvisitedC.wouldvisitD.wouldhavevisited
(2012陕西卷)17.Ifmaycar_________morereliable,IwouldhavedriventoLhasainsteadofflyinglastsummer.
A.wasB.hadbeenC.shouldbeD.wouldbe
(2012陕西卷)23.I______thankyoutoomuchforallyourhelptomysonwhilewewereawayfromhome.
A.won’tB.can’tC.canD.will
(2012山东卷)30.Ifwe_______adequatepreparations,theconferencewouldn’thavebeensosuccessful.
A.haven’tmadeB.wouldn’tmakeC.didn’tmakeD.hadn’tmade
(2012重庆卷)25.—________youinterruptnow?
Can’tyouseeI’monthephone?
—SorrySir,butit’surgent.
A.CanB.ShouldC.MustD.Would
(2012四川卷)19.IgotcloseenoughtohearthemspeakingChinese,andIsaid“NiHao”justasI___doinChina.
A.mustB.mightC.canD.should
(2012江西卷)22.WehaveboughtsomuchfoodnowthatSuziewon’tbewithusfordinner.
A.maynotB.needn’tC.can’tD.mustn’t
(2012浙江卷)19.Hadtheyknownwhatwascomingnext,they_______secondthoughts.
A.mayhaveB.couldhaveC.musthavehadD.mighthavehad
(2012辽宁卷)24.Oneofourrulesisthateverystudentwearschooluniformwhileatschool