动词不定式的应用.docx

动词不定式的应用.docx

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动词不定式的应用

动词不定式用法及练习

动词不定动式是一种非谓语动词形式，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语，但可以作除谓语之外的其它任何句子成分（主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语）；动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，同时还保持动词的某些特点，既可以有自己的宾语和状语，动词不定式和它的宾语和状语构成不定式短语。

一、构成：

todo.否定式nottodo

二、常见时态：

一般时todo进行时tobedoing完成式tohavedone

完成进行式tohavebeendoing

三、动词不定式在句子中的成分

1、作句子的主语：

现实中常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语动词不定式（或短语）后置。

比较下列句子Tolearnfromyourfriendsisimportant.=Itisimportanttolearnfromyourfriends.

Toleavewithoutsayinggoodbyeisimpolite.=Itisimpolitetoleavewithoutsayinggoodbye.

句型总结

●Itis+adj.+ofsb.todo…=sb.is\are+adj.+todo…在以某些表示人的品质、特征等的形容词（如kind、good、nice、wrong、clever、right等）作表语时，不定式之前常加一个引起的短语，说明不定式指的是谁的情况。

（可以理解为某人的好，坏，聪明，愚蠢，对，错等等）

Itisverykindofyoutohelpme.

It’snotpoliteofhimtospeaktooldpeoplelikethat.

●Itis+adj.+forsb.todo…≠sb.is\are+adj.+todo…如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的，则在不定式前加一个for引起的短语，即不定式的逻辑主语。

Itisnecessaryforustostudyhard.

ItiseasyforhimtospeakEnglish.

2、作句子的表语：

不定式放在be动词后面，用作表语如：

Herdreamistobeapoliceman.

Myjobistohelpthepatient.

3、作句子的宾语：

不定式放在及物动词后，用作宾语。

能跟不定式作宾语的动词（及物）很多，常见的有want,like,hate,wish,hope,prefer,try,ask,start,begin,decide,learn,choose,agree,expect,remember,forget,plan,decide,wouldlike,need,choose,agree,promise,refuse,setout,manage,pretend,

Iwanttogohome.

Theworkersdemandedtogetbetterpay.

注意1：

动词不定式作宾语时如带有宾语补足语，则要把不定式放在后面，用it作形式主语，构成“主语+动词+it+宾补（形容词、名词）+不定式”结构

Ifounditnecessarytotalktohimagain.

IfounditimportanttolearnEnglish.

Ifonditdifficulttolearnphysics.

注意2：

常用带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有want,ask,tell,order,get,wish,allow,invite,teach,encourage,beg,等。

构成“vt,+sb.+（not）todosth.”结构。

Theteachertoldustoreadthetext.

Heaskedmenottotellyouthenews.

注意3：

不定式作宾补省去to的情况（在被动语态中则to不能省掉）

常用省去to的动词不定式作补足语的动词有：

“一感（feel）、二听（hear,listento）、三让（make,let,have）、五看（lookat,see,watch,notice,observe）”help可带to，也可不带tohelpsb（to）dosth

Imadehimtodohiswork..----------------------------makesb.dosth.

Pleaselistentometosingthissongagain.-------------------listentosb.dosth.

Ifeltsomeonetoopenmydoor.--------------------------------fellsb.dosth.

Thebossmadethegirltoworktenhouraday.-------------makesb.dosth.

Youmustwatchmetodoeverything--------------------------watchsb.dosth.

被动语to要加上

Hewasmadetodohiswork（byme）

Theyaremadetoworkfor12hoursaday.

Hewasheardtospeakinthenextroom.

4、作句子的定语：

不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面作后置定语。

如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式中要有介词.

Iwanttogetsomethingtoreadduringtheholiday.

Heislookingforaroomtolivein.--------------------------------------live是不及物动词

Thereisnothingforustoworryabout.----------------------------------worry是不及物动词

5、作句子的状语：

动词不定式位于不及物动词之后作状语，可作目的、结果、原因状语。

ShecameheretoborrowanEnglishbook.（目的）

Let’sstoptohavearest.

Sheistooyoungtogotoschool.（结果）

Herunsfastenoughtocatchahorse.

I’msorrytomakeyouwaitheresolong.（原因）

Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.结果

六、带疑问词的不定式短语

动词不定式前面可以带疑问代词what,which,who或疑问副词how,when,where,why等。

这种结构起名词的作用，在句子里用作宾语、主语、表语等，或者单独使用。

要注意的是，why后面的不定式不带to。

例如：

Idon’tknowwhattotrynext.（作宾语）

　　Wheretogoisnotdecidedyet.（作主语）

注意：

单独使用时相当于一个特殊疑问句。

　　Whattodonext?

（=Whatwillwe/youdonext?

）

　　Whygothere?

（=Whydowe/yougothere?

）

在与why连用时，只用于why或whynot开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带to。

Whynothavearest?

Howtodoitisaproblem.（=Howweshoulddoit.）

Idon’tknowwhattobuyforyou.

8上unit5语法专项：

动词不定式的用法

一、选择

1.Myteacherwasmade_____histeachingbecauseofpoorhealth.

A.givingupB.togiveupC.giveupD.givenup

2.Thesentencewants____oncemore.

A.explainedB.toexplainC.beingexplainedD.explaining

3.TheArcticisconsidered____thenorthernpartoftheAtlantic.

A.havingbeenB.tohavebeenC.tobeD.being

4.TheEmperororderedthewonderfulcloth_____forhimwithoutdelay.

A.tohavewovenB.tobewovenC.tobeweavingD.toweave

5.IfoundtheGermanlanguagehard____.

A.learnedB.learningC.tobelearnedD.tolearn

6.—Thelightintheofficeisstillon.

---Oh,Iforgot______.

A.turningitoffB.turnitoffC.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoff

7.---Howdoyoudealwiththedisagreementbetweenthecompanyandthecustomers?

---Thekey____theproblemistomeetthedemand____bythecustomers.

A.tosolving,makingB.tosolving,madeC.tosolve,makingD.tosolve,made

8.---Whatdoyouthinkoftheschool?

----Itisaverygood_____.

A.schooltostudyinB.schoolforchildrentostudy

C.studyingschoolD.schooltostudy

9.---Didyougetajob?

---No,I___,butit’snouse.

A.expectedB.triedtoC.managedtoD.planned

10.Wefinditimpossibleforthework___aheadoftime.

A.tofinishB.finishingC.beingfinishedD.tobefinished

11.---IusuallygotoShanghaibytrain.

----Whynot___therebyboatforachange?

A.totrytogoB.trygoingC.totrygoingD.trytogo

12.___aliving,shehadtoworkfrommorningtillnight.

A.TomakeB.MadeC.MakingD.Tohavemade

13.Iwouldratherstarvetodeaththan___forfood.

A.begB.beggingC.beggedD.tobeg

14.Theboypretended____whenhismotherentered.

A.readingB.toreadC.tobereadingD.beingread

二、选择

1.Robertissaid____abroad,butIdon’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.

A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudying

2.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,____itmoredifficult.

A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.don’tmake

3.I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat____inmynewjob.

A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expects

4.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains____whethertheywillenjoyit.

A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.see

5.ItissaidinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows____.

A.itwhattodowithB.whattodowithitC.whattodoitwithD.todowhatwithit

6.Themotherdidn’tknow____toblameforthebrokenglassasithappenedwhileshewasout.

A.whoB.whenC.howD.why

7.Pauldoesn’thavetobemade____.Healwaysworkshard.

A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning

8.Weagreed____herebutsofarshehasn’tturnedupyet.

A.havingmetB.meetingC.tomeetD.tohavemet

9.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim____.

A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto

10.Thepatientwaswarned____oilyfoodaftertheoperation.

A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteating

11.Iwouldlove____tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.

A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggone

12.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered____thefirstcomputer.

A.toinventB.inventing

C.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented

1.Ittookhalfanhour_______（get）totheWorldParkfromKitty’sschool.

2.Itwasinteresting_______（see）somanyplacesofinterestfromallovertheworld.

3.Theywant_______（save）timebyusingshorterwordsandphrases.

4.Kitty’sclassmateDanieltaughthimselfhow_______（make）ahomepage.

5.Heputhisphotosonitforeveryone_______（look）at.

6.Helphim_______（put）thephotosinthecorrectorder.

7.Hemadethegirl_______（cry）yesterday.

8.It’stimeforclass.Pleasestop_______（talk）.

9.I’dlike_______（go）totheTempleofHeaven.

1.Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome.2.Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou

3.Allofusconsideredhimhonest.4.Mygrandfatherboughtmeapairofsportsshoes.

5.Hebrokeapieceofglass.6.Hemadeitclearthathewouldleavethecity．

7.---Iloveyoumorethanher，child．8.Teesturngreenwhenspringcomes.

9.Theypushedthedooropen.10.Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.

11.Hewrotecarefullysomeletterstohisfriends.12.Allthestudentsthinkhighlyofhisteaching.

13.Weneedaplacetwicelargerthanthisone.14.HeaskedustosinganEnglishsong.

15.Don'tgetnervous，helpyourselftowhatyoulike．16.Wewillmakeourschoolmorebeautiful.

17.Hedidn'tcome．Thatiswhyhedidn'tknow．18.Sheshowedushermanyofherpictures.

19.Theoldmanlivesalonelylife.

20.Luckilythe1989earthquakedidnothappeninthecenteroftown.

二、完型填空。

（共12小题;每小题1分，计12分）

Whatdoestakingariskmean?

Itmeanstrying21thingseveniftheymakeyoufeeluncomfortableorafraid.OneofthegreatestrisksI'devertakenwasplayingaroleinmyhighschool'sfallplay.Iwasnotonlyapersonwhohad22performanceexperience,butalsoIstuttered（口吃）.

The23ofperforminginfrontofpeoplemademeworried.ThereasonwhyI24toperformwasthatIwantedtotakepartinmyschooltheatreprogram.

Onthedayoftheaudition（试演）,therewerealsosomeactingexercisestowarmusup.Weweredividedintopairsto25partsoftheplay.Ifeltveryworried.AfterIsaidsomeofthelines,mypartnersaid,"I26youarestuttering.Isthatfordramaticeffectordoyoureallystutter?

"Iwasspeechless.

Whenmy27toauditioncame,myheartwasbeatingfast.Acrossfrommesatthedirectorandhisassistants.Needlesstosay,Iwasreally28myperformance.Iplayedtheroleofamanpainterwhopretendedtobeawoman.Mypartnerwasplayingabusinessmanwhowantedtomarryme（thewoman）.Wesaidourlinesand,29,,Ididn'tstutter.Wewentthroughitseveraltimes,andfinallyitwasover.Iwasso30.

ThenextMondayIwastoldthatIhadmadetheplay.HowexcitedIwas!

Itwasalotoffundoingtheplay,anditwascleartomethatmystutteringcouldn't31medoingwhatIwantedtodo,andtakingriskswaswellworththetimeand32.

（）21.A.inte