高考英语北师大版一轮复习Unit6夯实训练含答案.docx
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高考英语北师大版一轮复习Unit6夯实训练含答案
2017高考英语北师大版一轮复习Unit6夯实训练含答案
高考题型提能练（六） Unit6
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Theadobedwellings（土坯房）1（build）bythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwestareadmiredbyeven2mostmodernofarchitectsandengineers.Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty，whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheir3（able）to“aircondition”ahousewithout4（use）electricequipment.Wallsmadeofadobetakeintheheatfromthesunonhotdaysandgiveoutthatheat5（slow）duringcoolnights，thuswarmingthehouse.Whenanewdaybreaks，thewallshavegivenuptheirheatandarenowcoldenough6（cool）thehouseduringthehotday：
7thesametime，theywarmupagainforthenight.Thiscycle8（go）dayafterday:
Thewallswarmupduringthedayandcooloffduringthenightandarethusalwaysatimelyoffset（抵消）fortheoutsidetemperatures.As9（nature）architects，thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactly10thicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays.
【语篇导读】 相比现代化的建筑，简陋的土坯房可谓丑陋不堪。
但当代的建筑师却对其情有独钟。
短文主要介绍了土坯房能够调节温度的原理。
1．built [考查过去分词短语作后置定语。
主语dwellings与动词build之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词形式。
又由by一词的暗示也可知用表示被动意义的过去分词。
]
2．the [考查定冠词的用法。
空格之后为形容词的最高级形式，故填定冠词。
]
3．ability [考查形容词与名词的转换。
形容词性物主代词their之后应当用名词，故将able转化为其名词形式。
]
4．using [考查介词的用法。
介词without之后的动词要用动名词形式。
]
5．slowly [考查副词的用法。
由土坯制成的墙壁在炎热的白天吸收太阳的热量并在凉爽的夜间慢慢将热量释放出来。
修饰谓语动词giveout，因此要用副词形式。
]
6．tocool [考查固定句式的用法。
“形容词＋enough＋动词不定式”为一常用句式。
]
7．at [考查固定短语的用法。
atthesametime意为“同时”，是一个常用介词短语。
]
8．goes [考查动词的时态。
这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了土坯房冬暖夏凉的原理，故用一般现在时态。
]
9．natural [考查形容词的用法。
修饰名词architects，故要用形容词形式。
]
10．how [考查宾语从句的连接词用法。
分析句子结构可知，这是一个宾语从句。
根据形容词thick及结构可知这里的意思是印第安人要算出土坯墙的确切厚度。
所以答案为how。
]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Inmodernsocietythereisagreatdealofargumentaboutcompetition.Somevalueithighly,believingthatitisresponsibleforsocialprogressandprosperity.Otherssaythatcompetitionisbad;thatitsetsonepersonagainstanother;thatitleadstounfriendlyrelationshipbetweenpeople.
Ihavetaughtmanychildrenwhoheldthebeliefthattheirselfworthreliedonhowwelltheyperformedattennisandotherskills.Forthem,playingwellandwinningareoftenlifeanddeathaffairs.Intheirsinglemindedpursuitofsuccess,thedevelopmentofmanyotherhumanqualitiesissadlyforgotten.
However,whilesomeseemtobelostinthedesiretosucceed,otherstakeanoppositeattitude.Inaculturewhichvaluesonlythewinnerandpaysnoattentiontotheordinaryplayers,theystronglyblamecompetition.Amongthe_most_vocalareyoungsterswhohavesufferedundercompetitivepressuresfromtheirparentsorsociety.Teachingtheseyoungpeople,Ioftenobserveinthemadesiretofail.Theyseemtoseekfailurebynottryingtowinorachievesuccess.Bynottrying,theyalwayshaveanexcuse:
“Imayhavelost,butitdoesn'tmatterbecauseIreallydidn'ttry.”Whatisnotusuallyadmittedbythemselvesisthebeliefthatiftheyhadreallytriedandlost,thatwouldmeanalot.Suchalosswouldbeameasureoftheirworth.Clearly,thisbeliefisthesameasthatofthetruecompetitorswhotrytoprovethemselves.Botharebasedonthemistakenbeliefthatone'sselfrespectreliesonhowwelloneperformsincomparisonwithothers.Bothareafraidofnotbeingvalued.Onlyasthisbasicandoftentroublesomefearbeginstodissolve（缓解）canwediscoveranewmeaningincompetition.
文章大意：
本文是一篇议论文。
文章首先提出论点“现代社会关于竞争有很多争议”，然后详细分析了不同人对竞争的不同看法。
1．Whatdoesthispassagemainlytalkabout?
A．Competitionhelpstosetupselfrespect.
B．Opinionsaboutcompetitionaredifferentamongpeople.
C．Competitionisharmfultopersonalqualitydevelopment.
D．Failuresarenecessaryexperiencesincompetition.
答案：
B 主旨大意题。
根据文章首句“Inmodernsocietythereisagreatdealofargumentaboutcompetition.”可知，现代社会关于竞争有很多争议。
下文内容围绕这一点详细分析了不同人对竞争的不同看法，因此这便是文章的中心论点。
故B项正确。
2．Whydosomepeoplefavorcompetitionaccordingtothepassage?
A．Itbuildsupasenseofduty.
B．Itpushessocietyforward.
C．Itimprovespersonalabilities.
D．Itencouragesindividualefforts.
答案：
B 细节理解题。
根据第一段第二句“Somevalueithighly,believingthatitisresponsibleforsocialprogressandprosperity.”可知，有人认为竞争是社会进步和繁荣的动力。
故B项正确。
3．Theunderlinedphrase“themostvocal”inParagraph3means________.
A．thosewhotrytheirbesttowin
B．thosewhovaluecompetitionmosthighly
C．thosewhoareagainstcompetitionmoststrongly
D．thosewhorelyonothersmostforsuccess
答案：
C 词义猜测题。
根据语境可知，有些人渴望成功，而有些人持相反的态度。
在只注重赢家而不注意普通人的文化价值观下，他们强烈谴责竞争。
其中最直言不讳的就是那些来自父母和社会的竞争压力下挣扎的年轻人。
根据“Among”可知，画线词是指上文提到的那些强烈谴责竞争的人。
故C项正确。
4．Whatisthesimilarbeliefofthetruecompetitorsandthosewitha“desiretofail”？
A．One'sworthliesinhisperformancecomparedwithothers'.
B．One'ssuccessincompetitionneedsgreatefforts.
C．One'sachievementisdeterminedbyhisparticularskills.
D．One'ssuccessisbasedonhowhardhehastried.
答案：
A 细节理解题。
根据最后一段倒数第三、四句“Clearly,thisbeliefisthesameasthatofthetruecompetitorswhotrytoprovethemselves.Botharebasedonthemistakenbeliefthatone'sselfrespectreliesonhowwelloneperformsincomparisonwithothers.”可知，A项正确。
5．Whichpointofviewmaytheauthoragreeto?
A．Everyeffortshouldbepaidback.
B．Competitionshouldbeencouraged.
C．Winningshouldbealifeanddeathmatter.
D．Fearoffailureshouldberemovedincompetition.
答案：
D 推理判断题。
根据最后一段最后一句“Onlyasthisbasicandoftentroublesomefearbeginstodissolve（缓解）canwediscoveranewmeaningincompetition.”不难看出作者的态度；只有消除竞争中的畏惧心理，我们才能发现竞争的意义。
故D项正确。
B
（2016·包头测评）AccordingtoanewUSstudy,coupleswhoexpecttheirchildrentolookaftertheminoldageshouldhopetheyhavedaughtersbecausedaughtersaretwiceasattentiveassonsoverall.
TheresearchbyAngelinaGrigoryeva,fromPrincetonUniversity,foundthat,whilewomenprovideasmuchcarefortheirelderlyparentsastheycanmanage,mendoaslittleastheycangetawaywithandoftenleaveittofemalefamilymembers.
Heranalysisofthefamilynetworksof26,000olderAmericansconcludedthatgender（性别）isoneofthemostimportantthingsthatdecidewhetherornotpeoplewillactivelycarefortheirelderlyparents.
InapaperpresentedattheannualconferenceoftheAmericanSociologicalAssociationinSanFrancisco,sheconcludesthatsimplyhavingasistermakesmenlikelyprovidelesscare.
UsingdatafromtheUniversityofMichiganHealthandRetirementStudy,astudywhichhasbeentrackingacross sectionofover 50sforthelastdecade,shecalculatedthatwomenprovideanaverageof12.3hoursamonthofcareforelderlyparentswhilemenofferonly5.6hours.
“Sonsreducetheirrelativecare givingeffortswhentheyhaveasister,whiledaughtersincreasetheirswhentheyhaveabrother.”
“Thissuggeststhatsonspassonparentcare givingresponsibilitiestotheirsisters.”
IntheUK,the2011Censusshowedthattherearenowaround6.5millionpeoplewithcaringresponsibilities,afigurewhichhasrisenbyatenthinadecade.
Butmanyaredoingsoattheriskoftheirhealth.Thecensusshowedthatthosewhoprovide50hoursormoreofcareaweekwhiletryingtoholddownafull timejobarethreetimesmorelikelytobestrugglingwithillhealththantheirworkingcounterpartswhoarenotcarers.
1.Accordingtothepassage,what'sthemostimportantfactortopredictifpeoplewillactivelycarefortheelderly?
A.Education. B.Gender.
C.Career.D.Income.
2.TheUSstudyfindsthat________.
A.havingasistermakesmenlesslikelytolookaftertheirparents
B.sonsaretwiceaslikelyasdaughterstocareforparentsinoldage
C.sonsanddaughtersseemtogiveequalcaretotheirparents
D.sonsareunwillingtoleavecare givingresponsibilitiestotheirsisters
3.Whatdoestheauthorstressinthelastparagraph?
A.Peopleshouldgiveuptheirjobtocarefortheelderly.
B.Manycareprovidersworklongerhoursthanothers.
C.Manycareprovidershavepotentialhealthproblems.
D.Peopleshouldn'tpassoncaringresponsibilitiestoothers.
4.Theauthordevelopsthetextby________.
A.explainingsocialnetworksofcareers
B.describingpeople'sexperiences
C.comparingdifferentgenderbehavior
D.analyzingvariousresearchesanddata
1．解析：
选B 细节理解题。
根据第三段中的“concludedthatgender（性别）isoneofthemostimportantthingsthatdecidewhetherornotpeoplewillactivelycarefortheirelderlyparents”可知，决定人们是否会主动照顾老年人的最主要因素是性别。
故选B。
2．解析：
选A 细节理解题。
根据第四段可知，美国社会学家AngelinaGrigoryeva得出结论，家中有姐妹的男士对父母的照顾可能会更少，与A项内容一致。
故A项正确。
3．解析：
选C 推理判断题。
根据最后一段主题句“Butmanyaredoingsoattheriskoftheirhealth.”及下文可知，在最后一段作者着重指出很多护理提供者都有潜在的健康问题。
故选C。
4．解析：
选D 写作手法题。
通读全文可知，作者在第三、五、八段给出了研究的数据，接着在相应数据段落的下一段分析得出结论。
由此可推知，本文是以分析各种研究和数据得出相关结论的写作手法展开的。
故选D。
C
MrPeterJohnson，agedtwenty three，battledforhalfanhourtoescapefromhistrappedcaryesterdaywhenitlandedupsidedowninthreefeetofwater.Hetooktheonlyescaperoute—throughtheboot.
MrJohnson’scarhadendedupinaditch（沟渠）atRomneyMarsin，Kentafterhelostpropercontroloniceandhitabank.“Fortunately，thewaterbegantocomeinonlyslowly，”MrJohnsonsaid.“Icouldn’tforcethedoorsopenbecausetheywerejammedagainstthewailsoftheditchanddarednotopenthewindowsbecauseIknewwaterwouldcomefloodingin.”
MrJohnson，asweetsalesmanofSittingHome，Kent，firsttriedtoattracttheattentionofothermotoristsbysoundingthehorn（笛）andhammeringontheroofandboot.
Thenhebeganhisstruggletoescape.
Laterhesaid，“Itwasreallyahalfpennythatsavedmylife.ItwastheonlycoinIhadinmypocketandIusedittounscrewthebackseattogetintotheboot.Ihammereddesperatelywithahammertryingtomakesomeonehear，butnohelpcame.”
Ittooktenminutestounscrewtheseat，andafurtherfiveminutestoclearthesweetsamplesfromtheboot.ThenMrJohnsonfo
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