高考英语一轮复习 知识排查突破 book1 unit1 friendship 新人教版.docx
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高考英语一轮复习知识排查突破book1unit1friendship新人教版
2019-2020年高考英语一轮复习知识排查突破book1unit1friendship新人教版
重点识记词汇
1.onpurpose故意
2.facetoface面对面地
3.atdusk在黄昏时刻4.joinin参加;加入
5.fallinlove相爱;爱上6.gothrough经历;经受
7.get/betiredof对……厌烦8.setdown记下;放下;登记
9.getalongwith与……相处;进展10.aseriesof一连串的;一系列;一套
11.nolonger/not...anylonger不再……12.gratefuladj.感激的;表示谢意的
13.packvi.&vt.捆扎;包装;打行李n.小包;包裹
14.powern.能力;力量;权力→powerfuladj.有权势的
15.suffervt.&vi.遭受;忍受;经历→sufferingn.痛苦;折磨
16.recovervi.&vt.痊愈;恢复;重新获得→recoveryn.痊愈
17.exactlyadv.确实如此;正是;确切地→exactadj.精确的
18.disagreevi.不同意→disagreementn.不同意→agreevi.(反义词)同意
19.outdoorsadv.在户外;在野外→indoorsadv.在屋内
20.entireadj.整个的;完全的→entirelyadv.完全地;整个地
21.disliken.&vt.厌恶→liken.&vt.(反义词)喜欢
22.lonelinessn.孤单;寂寞→lonelyadj.孤独的
23.addup合计→addupto总共有→addto增加→add...to...把……加到……里
24.upsetadj.心烦意乱的;不安的;不适的vt.(upset,upset)使不安;使心烦
25.calmvt.&vi.(使)平静;(使)镇定adj.平静的;镇静的;沉着的→calm(...)down(使)平静下来;(使)镇定下来
26.ignorevt.不理睬;忽视→ignorancen.愚昧→ignorantadj.无知的;粗鲁的
27.concernvt.(使)担忧;涉及;关系到n.担心;关注;(利害)关系→concernedadj.担忧的→concerningprep.关于
28.settlevi.安家;定居;停留vt.使安居;安排;解决→settledadj.稳定的;舒适自在的→settlementn.安居;定居
必背经典句式
1....butyourfriendcan’tgountilhe/shefinishescleaninghis/herbicycle.
……但是你的朋友直到把自行车擦干净他(她)才能走。
2.Whilewalkingthedog,youwerecarelessanditgotlooseandwashitbyacar.
你在遛狗的时候,不小心把狗松开了,结果狗被车撞了。
3.Iwonderifit’sbecauseIhaven’tbeenabletobeoutdoorsforsolongthatI’vegrownsocrazyabouteverythingtodowithnature.
我不知道是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故,我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。
4.ItwasthefirsttimeinayearandahalfthatI’dseenthenightfacetoface...
这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚……
5.Sheandherfamilyhidawayfornearlytwentyfivemonthsbeforetheywerediscovered.
她和家人躲藏了两年,后来被发现了。
6.Motheraskedherif/whethershewasveryhotwithsomanyclotheson.
妈妈问她穿这么多衣服是不是很热。
构词记忆
arise/ə′raIz/vi.(arose,arisen)发生;出现;产生;起来;站起
asleep/ə′sliːp/adj.[常作表语]睡着的;睡熟的
awake/ə′weIk/vt.叫醒;唤起vi.醒来adj.[作表语或补语]醒着的;警觉的
1
[多词一义] ignore,takenonoticeof,leaveout
ignorancen.无知;愚昧;不知道
outof/throughignorance出于无知
ignorantadj.无知的;愚昧的;不知道的
beignorantof不知道……
What’sworse,theyspatandeventhrewrubbishintothelake,totallyignoringthenoticeablesign“NoLittering”nearby.
更糟的是,他们随地吐痰,甚至把垃圾扔到湖里,完全忽视了附近“禁止扔垃圾”的警告牌。
(福建·书面表达)
[夯实基础]
用ignore的适当形式填空
(1)Theyfoughtalongbattleagainstprejudiceandignorance.
(2)Hefelthimselfveryignorant.
(3)Lastweekatennisballhitmeonthehead,butItriedtoignorethepain,believingthatitwouldgoawaysoonerorlater.
(4)Ignoringthepastmeanspletebetrayal.
2
concernv.影响(affect);涉及(involve),与……有关(beconnectedwith);让(某人)担忧(beworriedabout);n.担心,忧虑;关心
[应试指导] 过去分词作前置定语与后置定语时意义的区别
concernedadj.(作表语或前置定语)担心的;忧虑的;感兴趣的;(后置定语)有关的,涉及的;参与的
asfarassb.beconcerned就某人而言
beconcernedabout/for(concernoneselfabout/for)对……担心/关心
beconcernedwithsb./sth.(concernoneselfwithsb./sth.)与……有关
concerningprep.关于
Itisloveandconcernthathavebroughtaboutthegreatchanges.是爱和关心带来了这巨大的变化。
(福建·书面表达)
Instead,itisamajorissueofrightandwrongthatconcernsaggressionversusantiaggression,justiceversusevil,andlightversusdarkness.
相反,它是关乎侵略与反侵略、正义与邪恶、光明与黑暗的大是大非问题。
[夯实基础]
用concern的适当形式填空
(1)Concerningthetollfreepolicyontheexpressway,whatconcernsusmostisthetrafficjamswhilesomeareconcernedabout/forthesafety.
(2)Concernedaboutthestudent,theteachercalledhisparentstofindoutwhyhewassooftenabsentfromclass.
3
[应试指导] 在谚语中的应用
eto/intopower掌权;上台
inone’spower在某人的掌控中
doall/everythinginone’spower=doone’sbest尽力而为;竭尽全力
Asasayinggoes,knowledgeispower.
俗话说,知识就是力量。
Sheissaidtohavethepowerofforeseeingthefuture.
据说她有预测未来的能力。
Sheinterviewedsixwomenwhohavereachedpositionsofgreatpowerandinfluence.
她采访了6名身居高位,并且颇具影响力的女士。
[夯实基础]
(1)语法填空
①ThePresidentisthemostpowerful(power)maninAmerica.
②Theyhaveinventedanewcar,whichispowered(power)bysolarbatteries.
(2)Hetoldherthathewoulddoeverythinginhispowertoprovethathewasthemanforher.
①Hetoldherthathewoulddowhathecouldtoprovethathewasthemanforher.(改为含有what从句的复合句)
②Hetoldherthathewoulddohisbesttoprovethathewasthemanforher.(用doone’sbest改写句子)
4
sufferv.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦,受难,受折磨(tobebadlyaffected);遭受,经受(experience);得……病
sufferpain/defeat/hardship遭受痛苦/失败/艰难
sufferfrom受……折磨;患……病
sufferingn.痛苦;苦恼;让人痛苦的事
Ontheotherhand,theyalsosufferfromlessrespectandlowerpay,workingalldayonthestreetwhetheritshinesstronglyorsnows,windsheavily.
另一方面,他们不受尊重,报酬很低,整天在马路上劳作,不管烈日炎炎还是狂风暴雪。
(广东·读写任务)
ThisacthurtthepeopleofallcountriesthatoncesufferedfromJapaneseaggressionandcolonialrule.
这种行为是对曾经遭受日本侵略和殖民统治的各国人民感情的伤害。
[特别提醒]
suffer和sufferfrom一般不用于被动语态。
[夯实基础]
(1)语法填空
①Hehassufferedfromthelungcancerformanyyears.
②Thesufferer(suffer)hasdecidedtogiveupsmoking.
③DroughtcontinuestoannoymanypartsofChina,withtensofthousandssuffering(suffer)watershortagesandmillionsofothersaffected(affect).
(2)Havingsufferedfromthelungcancerformanyyears,thesuffererhasdecidedtogiveupsmoking.(用非谓语动词短语作状语连接上题①②两句)
5
[应试指导] add非谓语动词作定语或状语的考查
addupto加起来达到,总计为;总的来讲;等于说
addto增添
add...to...把……加到……里
inaddition除此之外,另外
inadditionto除……之外
additional(ly)附加的(地),另外的(地)
Theheavyrainaddedtothedifficultyinrescuingtheburiedpeople.
大雨增加了营救被掩埋群众的困难。
“China’sspaceprogramwillnotstopatthemoon,”addedSunHuixian,aseniorChinesespaceofficial.“Ourtargetisdeepspace.”
一位中国资深太空官员孙辉先补充说:
“中国的太空项目不会止步于月球,中国的目标是外太空。
”
[图解助记]
[夯实基础]
用add的适当形式填空
(1)Hearinghowothersreacttothebookyouhavejustreadcreatesanaddedpleasure.
(2)Fiveaddedtofourmakesnine.
(3)Weneedsomeadditionalinformation.
(4)Additionally,someputersareneededbadly.
(5)Heleft,addingthatsafetyisfirst.
6
gothrough经历,经受(experience);仔细查看(goover);(法律等)通过;用完(useup);浏览(lookthrough)
[应试指导] “动词+介词(副词)”类语境词义辨析
getthrough通过;接通电话;花费
lookthrough浏览;往……里面看
breakthrough冲破;突破
seethrough看穿;识破
pullthrough康复;渡过难关
NorthKoreamostresemblesStalin’sRussiaorMao’sChinagoingthroughthehorrorsoftheculturalrevolution.
朝鲜就像是斯大林领导下的苏联或者毛泽东领导下的文化大革命时期的中国。
Shewasabletogetthroughtomebyemail.
她通过电子邮件能和我联系上。
[夯实基础]
用v.+through的相关短语填空
(1)Theywillneverforgettheexperiencetheywentthroughlastyear.
(2)Everyonewasveryconcernedwhetherhewouldpullthroughornot.
(3)Wefinallybrokethroughtheunfriendlyatmosphere.
(4)Hegetsthroughatleast500everyweekend.
7
[多词一义] setdown,writedown,putdown,notedown,takedown
setaside留出;置于一边
setoff动身;引爆;引起
setabout(doing)sth.着手(做)……
setout(todo...)开始;着手(做)……
setup竖立;建立;张贴
setanexample树立榜样
besetin以……为背景
Iwonderiftheschoolcouldplacemoredustbinsaroundandsetupspecificrulesagainstsuchbehaviour.
我想知道学校是否能在周围多设几个垃圾箱并制订特别的规则反对这种行为。
(浙江·书面表达)
Shehassetagoodexampletous.
她为我们树立了一个好榜样。
(浙江·书面表达)
[夯实基础]
(1)完成句子
①Hesetdown(记下)aseriesofnumbers.
②Hesetouttoopen/setaboutopening(开始打开)thedoorofthespacelab.
(2)根据要求将上题①、②合并成一个句子
①Hesetdownaseriesofnumbersbeforehesetouttoopen/setaboutopeningthedoorofthespacelab.(用before连接两个句子)
②Havingsetdownaseriesofnumbers,hesetouttoopen/setaboutopeningthedoorofthespacelab.(用非谓语动词作状语连接两个句子)
8
[应试指导] “动词+副词+介词”类语境词义辨析
getabout/(a)round传播;流传;四处走动
getacross讲清楚;被领会
getdownto开始认真做
getover克服;控制;恢复过来
Besides,I’measytogetalongwithandIliketomakefriends.
而且,我容易相处,也喜欢交朋友。
(辽宁·书面表达)
[夯实基础]
选择方框内的短语填空
(1)Newssoongotaroundthathehadresigned.
(2)NomatterhowIexplain,Ijustcan’tgetitacrosstoher.
(3)TheygotovermanydifficultiesintheirEnglishstudy.
(4)—Howareyougettingalongwithyourstudy?
—Quitewell.Igotan“A”inamathsexam.
1
Iwonderifit’sbecauseIhaven’tbeenabletobeoutdoorsforsolongthatI’vegrownsocrazyabouteverythingtodowithnature.我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故,我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。
(1)强调句型的基本结构为:
Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分(若被强调的是人,可用that或who;若被强调的部分是其他时,一律用that)。
另外要注意:
原句的谓语动词不能被强调。
(2)强调句的一般疑问句结构为:
Is/Wasit+被强调部分+that/who...?
(3)强调句的特殊疑问句结构为:
特殊疑问词+is/wasit+that...?
(4)对not...until...句型中的时间状语(从句)进行强调时的结构为:
Itis/wasnotuntil+被强调部分+that+其他部分。
Inaword,itispolitewordsthatwillmakeyourlifebeeconvenient.总之,礼貌用语会使你的生活更方便。
(江西·书面表达)
Itwasnotuntiltheareawasseriouslypollutedthattheyrealizedthatitwashightimetotakeactiontostoppollution.
直到这个地方被严重污染了他们才认识到该采取行动阻止污染了。
[夯实基础]
(1)It’snotdoingthethingswelike,butlikingthethingswehavetodothatmakeslifehappy.(语法填空)
(2)用强调句型强调下列句中的划线部分
①Ididn’tleaveuntilhecame.
ItwasnotuntilhecamethatIleft.
②Whodoesthisplacebelongto?
Whoisitthatthisplacebelongsto?
③Iwonderwhatyouweredoingatthistimeyesterday.
Iwonderwhatitwasthatyouweredoingatthistimeyesterday.
④Hecametoseeusyesterday.
Itwasyesterdaythathecametoseeus.
2
havedifficulty/trouble(in)doing...做……有困难(麻烦)
havedifficulty/troublewithsth.……有困难(麻烦)
Thereissome/nodifficulty/trouble(in)doingsth.做……时有一些/没有困难
dosth.with/withoutdifficulty/trouble做……有/没有困难
taketroubletodo...费力做……
takethetroubletodosth.不怕费事/不辞辛劳地做某事
Ihavesometroublewiththework.
我做这项工作有些困难。
[夯实基础]
(1)SorryI’msolate,butyoucannotimaginewhatgreattroubleItooktoehere.(语法填空)
(2)Ihadnotroublefindingyourhome.
①Ifoundyourhomewithouttrouble/difficulty.(用without短语改写句子)
②Therewasnotrouble/difficulty(in)findingyourhome.(用therebe句型改写句子)
3
单元语法
——把下列直接引语变为间接引语
(1)Hesaid,“I’mgoingtoBeijing.”
→HesaidthathewasgoingtoBeijing.
(2)Heasked,“Areyouateacher?
”
→Heaskedmei