英语考博真题.docx

英语考博真题.docx

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英语考博真题

四川大学2013年博士研究生入学考试英语试题

I.ReadingComprehension（30%;onemarkeach）:

Direction:

Readthefollowingsixpassages.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachpassagebychoosingA,B,CorD,WriteyouranswersontheAnswerSheet.

PassageOne

Overthepastseveraldecades,theU.S.,Canada,andEuropehavereceivedagreatdealofmediaandevenresearchattentionoverunusualphenomenaandunsolvedmysteries.TheseincludeUFOsaswellassightingsandencounterswith"nonhumancreatures"suchasBigfootandtheLochNessmonster.OnlyrecentlyhasLatinAmericabeguntoreceivesomeattentionaswell.AlthoughthemysteriesoftheAztec,Mayan,andIncacivilizationshavebeenknownforcenturies,nowthepublicisalsobecomingawareofunusual,paranormalphenomenaincountriessuchasPeru.

TheNazca"lines"ofPeruWerediscoveredinthe1930s.Theselinesaredeeplycarvedintoaflat,stonyplain,andformabout300intricatepicturesofanimalssuchasbirds,amonkey,andalizard.Seenatgroundlevel,thedesignsareajumbledsenselessmess.Theimagesaresolargethattheycanonlybeviewedataheightof1,000feet-meaningfromanaircraftYettherewerenoaircraftin300B.C.,whenitisjudgedthedesignsweremade.Norweretherethen,oraretherenow,anynearbymountainrangesfromwhichtoviewthem.SohowandwhydidthenativepeopleofNazcacreatethesemarvelousdesigns?

Oneanswerappearedin1969,whentheGermanresearcher,andwriterErichyonDanikenproposedthatthelinesweredrawnbyextraterrestrialsasrunwaysfortheiraircraft.ThescientificcommunitydidnottakelongtoscoffatandabandonyonDaniken'stheory.Overtheyearsseveralothertheorieshavebeenputforth,butnonehasbeenacceptedbythescientificcommunity.

TodaythereisanewandheightenedinterestintheNazcalines.ItisadirectresultofthecreationoftheInternet.Currentlythereareover60sitesdedicatedtothismysteryfromLatinAmerica'spast,andevenrespectedscientistshavejoinedthediscussionthroughe-mailandchatrooms.

WilltheInternethelpexplainthese:

unsolvedmysteries?

Perhapsitisastepintherightdirection.

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECT?

[A]LatinAmericahaslongreceivedattentionforunusualphenomena.

[B]PublicattentionisnowdirectedtowardscountrieslikePeru.

[C]PublicinterestusuallyfocusesonNorthAmericaandEurope

[D]Someancientcivilizationshaveunsolvedmysteries.

2.Accordingtothepassage,theNasalineswerefound

[A]inmountains[B]instones

[C]onanimals[D]onaplain

3.Wecaninferfromthepassagethatthehigherthelinesareseen,thetheimagestheypresent.

[A]smaller[B]larger[C]clearer[D]brighter

4.TherehasbeenincreasinginterestintheNazcalinesmainlybecauseof.

[A]theparticipationofscientists

[B]theemergenceoftheInternet

[C]thebirthofnewtheories

[D]theinterestintheInternet

5.TheauthorisabouttheroleoftheInternetinsolvingmysteries.

[A]cautious[B]pessimistic

[C]uncertain[D]optimistic

PassageTwo

SocialcircumstancesinEarlyModemEnglandmostlyservedtorepresswomen'svoices.Patriarchalcultureandinstitutionsconstructedthemaschaste,silent,obedient,andsubordinate.Atthebeginningof17thcentury,theideologyofpatriarchy,politicalabsolutism,andgenderhierarchywerereaffirmedpowerfullybyKingJamesinThe.TrewLawofFreeMonarchicandtheBasilikonDoron;bythatideologytheabsolutepowerofGodthesupremepatriarchwasseentobeimagedintheabsolutemonarchofthestateandinthehusbandandfatherofafamily.Accordingly,awoman'ssubjection,firsttoherfatherandthentoherhusband,imagedthesubjectionofEnglishpeopletotheirmonarch,andofallChristianstoGod.Also,theperiodsawanoutpouringofrepressiveorovertlymisogynistsermons,tracts,andplays,detailingwomen'sphysicalandmentaldefects,spiritualevils,rebelliousness,shrewishness,andnaturalinferioritytomen.

Yetsomesocialandculturalconditionsservedtoempowerwomen.DuringtheElizabethanera（1558-1603）theculturewasdominatedbyapowerfulQueen,whoprovidedanimpressivefemaleexamplethoughsheleftscantculturalspaceforotherwomenElizabethanwomenwritersbegantoproduceoriginaltextsbutwereoccupiedchieflywithtranslation.Inthe17thcentury,however,variouscircumstancesenabledwomentowriteoriginaltextsinsomenumbers.Foronething,somecounterweighttopatriarchywasprovidedbyfemalecommunities--mothersanddaughters,extendedkinshipnetworks,closefemalefriends,theseparatecourtofQueenAnne（KingJames'sConsort）andheroftenoppositionalmasquesandpoliticalactivities.Foranother,mostofthesewomenhadareasonablygoodeducation（modem,languages,history,literature,religion,music,occasionallyLatin）andsomeapparentlyfoundinromancesandhistoriesmoreexpansivetermsforimaginingwomen'slives.Also,representationofvigorousandrebelliousfemalecharactersinliteratureandespeciallyonthestagenodoubthelpedtoundermineanymonolithicsocialconstructofwomen'snatureandrole.

Mostimportant,perhaps,wastheradicalpotentialinherentintheProtestantinsistenceoneveryChristian'simmediaterelationshipwithGodandprimaryresponsibilitytofollowhisorherindividualconscience.ThereisplentyofsupportinStPaul'sepistlesandelsewhereintheBibleforpatriarchyandawife’ssubjectiontoherhusband,butsometexts（notablyGalatians3:

28）inscribeaverydifferentpolitics,promotingwomen'sspiritualequality:

"ThereisneitherJewnorGreek,thereisneitherbondnorfree,thereisneithermalenorfemale:

foryearealloneinJesusChrist."SuchtextsencouragedsomewomentoclaimthesupportofGodthesupremepatriarchagainstthevariousearthlypatriarchswhoclaimedtostandtowardtheminhisStead.

Thereisalsothegaporslippagebetweenideologyandcommonexperience.Englishwomenthroughoutthe17thcenturyexercisedagooddealofactualpower:

asmanagersofestatesintheirhusbands'absencesatcourtoronmilitaryanddiplomaticmissions;asmembersofguilds;aswivesandmotherswhosometimesdominatedtheirmenbysheerforceofpersonalityoroutrightdefiance.TheirpowerreacheditsapexduringtheEnglishCivilWarandInterregnum（1640-60）astheexecutionoftheKingandtheattendantdisruptionofsocialhierarchiesledmanywomen-toseizenewroles—aspreachers,asprophetesses,asdeputiesforexiledroyalisthusbands,aswritersofreligiousandpoliticaltracts.

6.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?

[A]Women'sPositioninthe17thCentury.

[B]Women'sSubjectiontoPatriarchy.

[C]SocialCircumstancesinthe17thCentury.

[D]Women'sObjectioninthe17thCentury.

7.WhatdidtheQueenElizabethdo-forthewomeninculture?

[A]Shesetanimpressivefemaleexampletofollow.

[B]Shedominatedtheculture.

[C]Shedidlittle.

[D]SheallowedWomentotranslatesomething.

8.WhichofthefollowingisNotmentionedasareasontoenablewomentooriginaltexts?

[A]Femalecommunitiesprovidedsomecounterweighttopatriarchy.

[B]QueenAnne'spoliticalactivities.

[C]Mostwomenhadagoodeducation.

[D]QueenElizabeth'spoliticalactivities.

9.Whatdidthereligiondoforthewomen?

[A]Itdidnothing.

[B]Ittooaskedwomentobeobedientexceptsometexts.

[C]Itsupportedwomen.

[D]ItappealedtotheGod.

10.Whatdoestheword"apex"meaninthelastparagraph?

[A]thelowestpoint[B]theend[C]ultimate[D]summit

PassageThree

Iamafraidtosleep.Ihavebeenafraidtosleepforthelastfewweeks.Iamsotiredthat,finally,Idosleep,butonlyforafewminutes.Itisnotabaddreamthatwakesme;itistherealityItookwithmeintosleep.Itrytothinkofsomethingelse.

Immediatelythewomaninthemarketplacecomesintomymind.

IwasonmywaytodinnerlastnightwhenIsawher.Shewassellingskirts.ShemovedwiththesameeaseandlovelinessIoftensawinthewomenofLaos.Herlongblackhairwasasshinyastheblacksilkoftheskirtsshewasselling.Inherhair,sheworethreesilkribbons,blue,green,andwhite.TheyremindedmeofmychildhoodandhowmygirlfriendsandIusedtospendhoursbraidingribbonsintoourhair.

Idon'tknowthewordfor"ribbons",soIputmyhandtomyownhairand,withthreefingersagainstmyhead;Ilookedatherribbonsandsaid"Beautiful."Sheloweredhereyesandsaidnothing.Iwasn'tsureifsheunderstoodme（Idon'tspeakLaotianverywell）.

Ilookedbackdownattheskirts.Theyhaddesignsinthem:

squaresandtrianglesandcirclesofpinkandgreensilk.Theywereverypretty.Idecidedtobuyoneofthoseskirts,andIbegantobargainwithherovertheprice.ItisthecustomtobargaininAsia.InLaosbargainingisdoneinsoftvoicesandeasymoveswiththesortofquietpeacefulness.

Shesmiled,morewithhereyesthanwithherlips.ShewaspleasedbythefewwordsIwasabletosayinherlanguage,althoughtheyweremostlynumbers,andshesawthatIunderstoodsomethingaboutthesoftplayfulnessofbargaining.Weshookourheadsindisagreementovertheprice;then,immediately,wemadeanotherofferandthenanothershakeofthehead.Shewassopleasedthatunexpectedly,sheacceptedthelastofferImade.Butitwastoosoon.Thepricewastoolow.Shewasbeingtoogenerousandwouldn'tmakeenoughmoney.Imovedquicklyandpickeduptwomoreskirtsandpaidforallthreeatthepriceset;thatwayIwasabletopayherthreetimesasmuchbeforeshehadachancetolowerthepriceforthelargerpurchase.Shesmiledopenlythen,and,forthefirsttimeinmonths,myspiritlire&Ialmostfelthappy.

Thefeelingstayedwithmewhil