分析花在作品《儿子与情人》中的象征意义学位论文.docx

分析花在作品《儿子与情人》中的象征意义学位论文.docx

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分析花在作品《儿子与情人》中的象征意义学位论文

Abstract

LawrenceisthefamousEnglishnovelistandpoetinthetwentiethcentury.InLawrence'sautobiographicalnovelSonsandLovers,theauthorappliesmanysymbols.Thehiddenimagesandsymboliclanguageshelptoillustratetheinnerpurportofthenovelandthecomplicatedandinnermostfeelingsofthecharacter.Inalargenumberofhisworks,symbolismhasbeenwidelyused.InhismasterpieceSonsandLovers,hehassuccessfullyappliedsymbolismandpresentedtheimagethroughouttheentirenovelthatflowerimagethroughoutthenovelanddifferentflowerssymbolizeadifferentpersonalitytrait.Thehero’sattitudestowardsflowersfromheroimplythedeepthemesofthenovel.Thepaperdiscussesthreeheroinesandthreedifferentkindsofflowerssymbolizethedevelopmentoftheplotinnovels.Thispapertriestoanalyzethesymbolicmeaningsof‘Flowers’inSonsAndLovers.

KeyWords:

D.H.Lawrence;SonsandLovers;flowers;symbolism

摘要

劳伦斯是二十世纪著名的英国小说家与诗人，在他所创作的大量作品中，象征主义描写占据了相当的篇幅。

在代表作《儿子与情人》中，他成功运用了这一手法，赋予了贯穿整部小说的意象“花”以深刻的象征寓意。

花的意象贯穿始终，不同的花暗示不同的人物性格特征，从主人公对花的态度来暗示人物的深层心态，揭示小说的深层主题，文中对花的描写象征了小说中的三个女主人公，暗示了小说中情节的发展。

本文试从花与主人公的联系来对作品进行解读。

关键词：

劳伦斯；《儿子与情人》；花；象征主义

Contents

Abstracti

摘要ii

1.Introduction1

1.1BriefintroductiontoSonsandLovers1

1.2Aimandobjectives2

1.3Organizationofthepaper2

2.LiteratureReview3

2.1Symbolism3

2.1.1Definitionandclassificationofsymbolism3

2.1.2Symbolisminotherworks3

2.2Previousstudiesonsymbolism4

2.2.1Foreignstudiesonsymbolism4

2.2.2Domesticstudiesonsymbolism4

3.ThesymbolicmeaningsofflowersinSonsandLovers6

3.1WhitelilieswerereelinginthemoonlightandMr.Morel’stwistedlove6

3.2SomberwhiteliliesandMiriam’slasttest7

3.3WhiteroseandthesymbolofMiriam’sspirituallove8

3.4BluebellandSymbolofClara’slongingfortruelove10

3.5IrisandSymbolofClara’ssexyfeatureandrebelliousspirit11

4.Conclusion12

4.1Majorfindings12

4.2Pedagogicalimplications12

4.3Limitationsandsuggestions12

References13

Acknowledgements14

1.Introduction

1.1BriefintroductiontoSonsandLovers

DavidHerbertLawrence（1885-1930）wasoneofthemostversatileandinfluentialBritishwritersintheearlytwentiethcentury.HewasbornonSeptember11,1885inaMidland-miningvillageofEastwood,Nottingham,onwhichtheEastwoodofSonsandLoveswasmodeled.Hisfatherwasaminerandhismotherwasbettereducatedandgenteel.Laterheescapedfromtheminingworldthrougheducation.Healwayshatedthemines,andfrequentlyusedtheminhiswritingtorepresentbothdarknessandindustrialism,whichhedespisedbecausehefeltitwasscarringtheEnglishcountryside.In1914,hemarriedFriedainGermany.HediedinFrancein1930,atage44.Inhisrelativelyshortlife,heproducedmorethan50volumesofshortstories,poems,plays,essays,traveljournals,lettersand,inadditiontothenovelsforwhichheisbestknown.AfterhisdeathFriedawrote,“Whathehadseenandfeltandknownhegaveinhiswritingtohisfellowman,thesplendorofliving,thehopeofmoreandmorelifehehadgiventhem,aheroicandimmeasurablegift”.OfLawrence’smostsignificantandmostcontroversialnovels,includingSonsandLovesandLadyChatterley’sLover,thebestisprobablyTheRainbow.AnotherfamousnovelisWomeninLove.

SonsandLoversisLawrence’ssemi-autobiographicalnovel,inwhichheemployedrichsymbolismtodevelophisdepiction.ThereisinitaratherrealisticrepresentationofmininglifeintheMidlands,whichtheauthorwasfamiliarwithinhischildhoodandearlymanhood,butmoresignificant,istheresemblanceofthestrongbondofmaternallovebetweenGertrudeMorelandPaulinthenovel.Tothenovelist’sownmother’sstrongholduponLawrenceandtheparallelstretchesitselftoPaul’searlyunsuccessfulloveaffairswithMiriamandClara.Freud’sinfluenceisalsoquiteobvioushere,thoughPaul’sinabilitytotearhimselfawayfromhismotherwhodefinitelysuggestsanillustrationof“Oedipuscomplex”seemsrathertohavebeenbasedonLawrence’sownexperience.Ittellsthestoryofacoalminer’sfamilywiththethirdsonPaulasthecentralcharacter.ThethreadofthestoryevolvedaroundPaul’sloveforthetwogirlsMiriamandClaraaswellashisloveforhismotherMrs.Morel.

Tobespecific,thelifeoftheMorelfamilyisunhappy,tense,anduneasy.WalterMorelisaminer,heandhiswife,Gertrude,havetwochildren,WilliamandAnnie.Mrs.Moreisfullwithhandlingherhusband'stemperandcaringforthechildren.Shehatesthatshehastostayhomewiththechildrenwhileherhusbandgetstogooutandenjoyhimself（i.e.drink）.Whentheirthirdchild,Paul,isborn,Mrs.Moreldoesnotreallywantthenewbaby.Afterthebirthoftheirfourthchild,Arthur,theMorelfamilyiscomplete.

Mrs.Moreltransfersheraffectionsfromherhusbandtoherfirstson,William,whoisintelligentandactive.Heistheappleofhismother'seye,winningawards,doingwellinschoolandfindingjobseasily.Williamcatchespneumoniaanddies.AfterWilliam'sdeath,Mrs.MorelturnsherloveandattentiontoPaul.

Paul,alwayssensitiveandemotional,getsajobatThomasJordan's,asurgicalappliancesfactoryandstrikesafriendshipwithMiriamLeviers.Mrs.MoreldoesnotlikeMiriambecauseinherviewMiriamtakesallofPaul'senergy,desire,andfeelingswithnothingleftofhimforher.AfterPaulandMiriamhavesex,hedecidesthattheyarenotgoodforeachother,andbreaksofftheirrelationship,toMiriam'sangerandbitterness.PaulheadsintoanintenselysexualrelationshipwithClara.

Mrs.Morelfallsgravelyillandgrowsweakerbecauseofatumor.KnowingthatsheisprolongingherdeathtoliveforPaul,PaulandAnniecannotstandtoseetheirbelovedmotherliveinsuchpainthattheygiveheranextradosageofmorphine.Mrs.Moreldies.

PaulgoestoseeMiriam.Theypondergettingmarried,butPaulconfessesthathehasneitherdesirenoranyintentionofmarryingher.Miriamdecidestowaitaslongasittakesforhimtocometoher.Paulreturnshome,thinkingaboutthebondheshareswithhismother.Theirloveisstillaliveinhim,eventhoughshehasdied.

1.2Aimandobjectives

Thisstudyaimstolearntheconnotationandfeaturesofsymbolism.Ingeneral,symbolismcannotonlyinterpretthewriter’sthoughtbutalsoenrichtheauthor’sworldofartinthenovel.Byusingsymbolism,hedepictedchangesinnatureandthesubtleemotionalchangesofthecharacters.Thesedescriptionsrevealthecharacters’mindandtouchupontheiremotionanddesire.Symbolscanalwaysinterpretthewriters’thoughtandenrichtheauthor’sworldofideasandartinthenovel.

1.3Organizationofthepaper

Thispaperisdividedintofourchapters.Chapteroneservesasanoverallintroductiontothenovelandaimofthestudy.Chaptertwoisanoverviewofsymbolismandstudiesrelatedtopreviousstudiesonsymbolismincludingforeignstudiesanddomesticstudies.ChapterthreedescribesthesymbolicmeaningsofflowersinSonsandLovers.Finally,Chapterfourisdevotedtotheconclusioninwhichwewillputforwardthemajorfindingsandimplicationsofthestudy.

2.LiteratureReview

Inthischapter,wewillbrieflyintroduceanoverviewofsymbolismandstudiesconcerningsymbolismandpreviousstudiesonsymbolism.

2.1Symbolism

2.1.1Definitionandclassificationofsymbolism

Symbolismwasalatenineteenth-centuryartmovementofFrench,RussianandBelgianorigininpoetryandotherarts.Inliterature,thestylehaditsbeginningswiththepublicationLesFleurdumal（1857:

378）byCharlesBaudelaire.

AccordingtoOxford（2004:

1792）,symbolis“person,anobject,anevent,etc.thatrepresentsamoregeneralqualityorsituation”,e.g.:

WhitehasalwaysbeenasymbolofpurityinWesterncultures.Thedoveissymbolicofpeace.Symbolismis“theuseofsymbolstorepresentideas,especiallyinartandliterature”.

Humanmindisfunctioningsymbolicallywhensomecomponentsofitsexperienceelicitconsciousness,beliefs,emotions,andusages,respectingothercomponentsofitsexperience.Theformersetofcomponentsisthe‘symbols,’andthelattersetconstitutesthe‘meaning’ofthesymbols.AccordingtoVivas,the“constitutivesymbol”is“considerablymorethanamatterofintendedmeaning”（D.H.Lawrence1913:

274）.Hedefinesitfurtheras“acreativesynthesisofempiricalmatterwhichmanifestsitselfindramaticandmoraltermsandwhichfunctionscategorically”（D.H.Lawrence1913:

275）.

Alfred,NorthWhitehead（1927）thinks“differentepochsofcivilizationdisclosegreatdifferencesintheirattitudetowardssymbolism.Architecturewassymbolical,ceremonialwassymbolical,heraldrywassymbolical.Therearedeepertypesofsymbolism,inasenseartificial,andyetsuchthatwecouldnotgetonwithoutthem.Language,writtenorspoken,issuchasymbolism.Themeresoundofaword,oritsshapeonpaper,isindifferent.Thewordisasymbol,anditsmeaningisconstitutedbytheideas,images,andemotions,whichitraisesinthemindofthehearer.Thereisalsoanothersortoflanguage,purelyawrittenlanguage,whichisconstitutedbythemathematicalsymbolsofthescienceofalgebra”.

2.1.2Symbolisminotherworks

InrecentdecadestherewerelargeamountsofresearchachievementsaboutthestudiesregardingsymbolismbothintheforeigncountriesandinChina.Forinstance,amongtheforeignstudies,HenryJames（1879）,studiessymbolsinDaisyMillerwhoareDaisyherselfandheryoungerbrother,Randolph.DaisyisoftenseenasrepresentingAmerica:

sheisyoung,fresh,ingenuous,clueless,naïve,innocent,well