背景颜色.docx

背景颜色.docx

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背景颜色

背景颜色：

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Directions:

Inthissectiontherearesomepassages.EachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatementswithfourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）,andD）.Youaresupposedtoreadthepassageandmakethebestchoicetocompleteeachquestionorunfinishedstatement.Thentypetheanswerintheblankonthewebpage.[题数：

20；分数：

40分；参考时间：

40分0秒]

题1-5

Passage1

Everyprofession,artandsciencehasitstechnicalvocabulary,thefunctionofwhichistodenotethingsorprocesseswhichhavenonamesinordinaryEnglish,andtogivegreaterexactness.Suchspecialtermsarenecessaryindiscussionandpreciseinunderstanding.Besides,theysavetime,foritismuchmoreeconomicaltonameaprocessthantodescribeit.

Differentoccupations,however,differwidelyinthecharacteroftheirspecialvocabularies.Intradeslikefarmingandfishery,whichhaveoccupiedgreatnumbersofmenfromremotetimes,thetechnicalvocabularyisveryold.Itconsistslargelyofnativewords.Hence,thesevocabulariesaremorefamiliarinsoundandmoregenerallyunderstood.Thespecialtermsoflaw,medicineandphilosophyhavealsobecomeprettyfamiliartoeducatedpersons,andhavecontributedmuchtothepopularvocabulary.

Yeteveryvocationstillpossessesalargebodyoftechnicaltermsthatremainessentiallyforeign,eventoeducatedspeech.Andtheproportionhasbeenmuchincreasedinthelast50years,particularlyinthevariousdepartmentsofnaturalandpoliticalscienceandinthemechanicarts.

Herenewtermsareformedandabandonedwiththegreatestfreedom.Mostofthenewtermsareconfinedtospecialdiscussions,andseldomgetintogeneralliteratureorconversation.Yetnoprofessionisnowadaysaclosecircle.Thelawyer,thephysician,orthemanofscience,associatesfreelywithhisfellow-creatures,anddoesnotmeettheminamerelyprofessionalway.

Furthermore,whatiscalled"popularscience"makeseverybodyacquaintedwithmodernviewsandrecentdiscoveries.Anyimportantexperiment,thoughmadeinaremoteorlocallaboratory,isatoncereportedinthenewspapers,andeverybodyissoontalkingaboutit.Thusourcommonspeechisalwaystakingupnewtechnicaltermsandmakingthemcommonplace.1.Thispassageisprimarilyconcernedwith____.

[A]anewlanguage

[B]technicalterms

[C]variousoccupationsandprofessions

[D]popularscience

【参考答案】：

B

2.Specialwordsusedintechnicaldiscussion____.

[A]neverlastlong

[B]shouldbeconfinedtoscientificfields

[C]areconsideredartificialspeech

[D]maybecomepartofcommonspeech

【参考答案】：

D

3.Inrecentyears,therehasbeenamarkedincreaseinthenumberoftechnicaltermsinthevocabularyof____.

[A]farming

[B]fishing

[C]politics

[D]sports

【参考答案】：

C

4.Thewriterofthisarticlewas,nodoubt,____.

[A]alinguist

[B]ascientist

[C]aneditor

[D]aphysician

【参考答案】：

A

5.Theauthor'smainpurposeofthepassageisto____.

[A]describeaphenomenon

[B]proposeasolution

[C]argueabelief

[D]beentertaining

【参考答案】：

A

题6-10

Passage2

WhydoestheFoundationconcentrateitssupportonbasicratherthanappliedresearch?

Basicresearchistheveryheartofscience,anditsproductisthecapitalofscientificprocess,acapitalthatmustbeconstantlyincreasedasthedemandsuponitrise.Thegoalofbasicresearchisunderstanding,foritsownsake.Understandingoftheatomorthenervecell,ofthecausesofearthquakesanddroughts,orofmanasabehavingcreatureandofthesocialforcesthatarecreatedwhenevertwoormorehumanbeingscomeintocontactwithoneanother---thescopeisstaggering,butthecommitmenttotruthisthesame.Ifthecommitmentweretoaparticularresult,conflictingevidencemightbeoverlookedor,withthebestwillintheworld,simplynotbeappreciated.Moreover,thepracticalapplicationsofbasicresearchfrequentlycannotbeanticipated.WhenRoentgen,thephysicist,discoveredX-rays,hehadnoideaoftheirusefulnesstomedicine.

Appliedresearch,undertakentosolvespecificpracticalproblems,hasanimmediateattractivenessbecausetheresultscanbeseenandenjoyed.Forpracticalreasons,thesumspentonappliedresearchinanycountryalwaysfarexceedthoseforbasicresearch,andtheproportionsaremoreunequalinthelessdevelopedcountries.Leavingasidethefundsdevotedtoresearchbyindustry---whichisnaturallyfarmoreconcernedwithappliedaspectsbecausetheseincreaseprofitsquickly---thefundstheU.S.Governmentsetsapartforbasicresearchcurrentlyamounttoabout7percentofitsover-allresearchanddevelopmentfunds.Unlessadequatesafeguardsareprovided,appliedresearchinvariablytendstodriveoutbasic.Then,asDr.Watermanhaspointedout,"Developmentwillinevitablybeundertakenprematurely,careerattractionwillmovetowardappliedscience,andtheopportunitiesformakingmajorscientificdiscoverieswillbelost.Unfortunately,pressurestoemphasizenewdevelopments,withoutcorrespondingemphasisuponpurescience,tendtodegradethequalityofthenation'stechnologyinthelongrun,ratherthantoimproveit."6.Thetitlebelowthatbestexpressestheideasofthispassageis____.

[A]FoundationFunds

[B]TheAttractivenessofAppliedResearch

[C]TheImportanceofBasicResearch

[D]BasicResearchandAppliedResearch

【参考答案】：

D

7.Industryisprimarilyinterestedinappliedresearchbecauseit____.

[A]providesbetterunderstanding

[B]offersimmediateprofit

[C]drivesoutbasicresearch

[D]solvespracticalproblems

【参考答案】：

B

8.Basicresearchisvitalbecause____.

[A]itleadstoresultsthatcanbeappreciated

[B]itisdrivenoutbyappliedresearch

[C]itprovidesthebasisforscientificprogress

[D]ittendstodegradethenation'stechnology

【参考答案】：

C

9.TheAmericangovernment____.

[A]devotesmorethan90%ofitsresearchanddevelopmentfundstoappliedresearch

[B]spendsfarmoreonappliedresearchthanonmilitaryproblems

[C]opposesthefoundation'sgrantstobasicresearch

[D]isnotconcernedaboutthenatureoftheresearchbeingdonebythescientistsitemploys

【参考答案】：

A

10.Thepassageimpliesthatlessdevelopedcountries____.

[A]devotealargeportionoftheirbudgettobasicresearch

[B]realizethatprogressdependsonbasicresearch

[C]encouragetheircareerscientiststoexperiment

[D]devotelessthan7%oftheirscientificbudgettobasicresearch

【参考答案】：

D

题11-15

Passage3

Theworld'slastknowncaseofsmallpox（天花）wasreportedinSomaliainOctober1977.ThevictimwasayoungcookcalledAliMaowMaalin.Hiscasebecomesalandmarkinmedicalhistory---forsmallpoxisthefirstcommunicablediseaseevertobeeradicated（根除）.

TheremarkablecampaigntofreetheworldfromsmallpoxhasbeenledbytheWorldHealthOrganization（WHO）.TheHornofAfrica,includingtheOgadenregionofEthiopiaandSomalia,wasoneofthelastsmallpox-riddenareasoftheworldwhentheWHO-sponsoredSmallpoxEradicationProgramme（SEP）gotunderwayin1971.

Manyofthetwenty-fivemillioninhabitants,mostlyfarmersandnomadslivinginawildernessofdesert,bushandmountains,alreadyhadsmallpox.Theproblemoftracingthediseaseinsuchacountrywasmadeevenmoredifficultbythecontinuouswarinthecountry.

Theprogrammeconcentratedonanimaginativepolicyof"searchandcontainment".Vaccination（种牛痘）wasusedtoreducethewidespreadincidenceofthedisease.Asthecampaignprogressedthediseasewasgraduallybroughtundercontrol.BySeptember1976theSEPmadeitsfirstreportthatnonewcaseshadbeenreported.

Butthatfirstoptimismwasshort-lived.Athree-yearoldgirlcalledAminaSalat,fromadustyvillageinthesouth-eastofEthiopia,hadgivensmallpoxtoayoungvisitor.LeavingthevillagehehadwalkedacrosstheborderintoSomalia.Thereheinfected3000people,andamongthemhadbeenthecookAli.Itwasafurtherfourteenmonthsbeforethepuzzlingtargetzerowasreached.Evennowthesearchcontinuesin"highrisk"areasandinpartsofthecountryuncheckedforsometime.

Victoryisinsight,buttwoyearsmustpasssincethe"lastcase"beforeaninternationalcommitteecandeclarethattheworldisentirelyfreefromsmallpox.11.Inwhatyearwasthispassageprobablywritten?

____

[A]1979.

[B]1977.

[C]1976.

[D]1971.

【参考答案】：

A

12.WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutAli?

____

[A]Aligavesmallpoxtoayoungvisitor

[B]AlicarriedsmallpoxintoSomalia

[C]Aliwasinfectedwithsmallpox

[D]Aliwasacookfromadustyvillage

【参考答案】：

C

13.InthefirstsentenceofParagraphfive"firstoptimism"referstothefactthat____.

[A]theworld'slastknowncaseofsmallpoxwasreportedinSomalia

[B]theSEPmadeitsfirstreportthatnonewcaseshadbeenreported

[C]theprogrammeoftracingsmallpoxwasbeingcarriedoutsuccessfully

[D]thewidespreadincidenceofsmallpoxwasreducedbyvaccination

【参考答案】：

B

14.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

____

[A]WHOwascarryingonaprogrammetoeliminatesmallpox.

[B]ThecontinuouswarpreventedWHOfromcarryingoutitsprogrammeinthisarea.

[C]EthiopiaandSomaliawere"highrisk"areasofsmallpox.

[D]MostinhabitantsinEthiopiaandSomaliatookvaccination.

【参考答案】：

B

15.Whatmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?

____

[A]SmallpoxandVaccination.

[B]TheWorkoftheWorldHealthOrganizationinAfrica.

[C]TheWaragainstSmallpoxintheHorn