河北省定兴县高考英语二轮复习 阅读理解训练6.docx

河北省定兴县高考英语二轮复习 阅读理解训练6.docx

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河北省定兴县高考英语二轮复习阅读理解训练6

河北定兴县2016高考英语二轮阅读理解训练（6）

[史地自然型阅读理解

（一）]

Squirrelsoftencommunicatewithwhistles,chirpsandchucks,whichsoundliketheword“chuck”.Whistlesandchirpsarelikethesoundsthatmanybirdsmake.Nowscientistshavetranslatedsomeoftheirsquirrelspeak.

Hare,aprofessorofzoologyattheUniversityofManilohainWinnipeg,andhisteammanagedtorecordsquirrels'alarmc

alls.Theresearchersstudiedthesoundsandthenplayedthembackto60wildsquirrels,whichthescientistsapproachedindividuallywithavideorecordertocapture（抓拍）theirresponses.Somesquirrelsliftedtheirheadsupandbecamealert（警惕的）．Creaturesthatweremorefrightenedsimplyranfortheirlivesanddivedintocaves.

“Ineffectthen,whistlesthatmixwithchuckssay‘there'sanenemyofaveragethreatthat'shere’，andwhistleswithoutchuckssay‘there'sanenemyofseeminglyaveragethreataroundheresomewhere’，whilepurechirpssay,‘I'mhidingherebecausethere'sanimmediatedanger.’”Haretold.

Hareandsomeotherresearchersbelievesuchsoundsarepartofanadvancedlanguagethatdevelopsjustasallothercommunicationsystems.

Althoughsquirrelsrisk

theirliveswhentheycallouttowarnothersofthreats,othersquirrelsmightadmirethisbehaviour,thusincreasinglythecaller'ssocialstatus,likehumanswholookuptoheroes.Hareaddedthatotheranimals,suchasbirds,probablyunderstandatleastsomesquirrellanguage,sincetheyalsomaybenefitfromthealarmcalls.

Infact,anotherCanadianstudyfoundthatdeepvoiced,blackcappedchickadeeshavetheirownlanguage,too.Accordingtocertainresearch,therearealotoftidingsinchickadees'calls,suchasdirectingfellows'activities,keepingincontactbetweenmates,andraisingalarms.

Whilechickadeesandotherbirdsareoftenwelcomedintog

ardensbyhomeowners,squirrelsarefrequentlyviewedaspests（害兽）.Harewishesagreaterunderstandingofthecomplexsociallivesandcommunicationsystemsofsquirrelswillprovide“hopethathumanswillgainagreaterappreciationandstopdoingharmtotheseanimals”．

1．Thetextmainlytalksabout________．

A．thestudyonthelanguageofsquirrels

B．thecomparisonbetweensquirrelsandchickadees

C．thecallingfortheprotectionofsquirrels

D．thewaysforsquirrelstoescapefromtheirenemies

2．Ifasquirrelisinaverydangeroussituation,itwouldprobablymake________．

A．whistleswithchucks

B．purechirps

C．whistleswithoutchucks

D．repeatedchucks

3．Theunderlinedword“tidings”inParagraph6probablymeans“________”．

A．difficultiesB．poises

C．messagesD．languages

4．Whatcanbelearnedfromthistext?

A．Squirrelscommunicatewitheachotherashumansdo.

B．Somesquirrelsunderstandtherecordedalarmcalls.

C．Otheranimalsalsowellunderstandthelanguageofsquirrels.

D．Birdssuchaschickadeesdon'

thavetheirownlanguage.

（二）

【要点综述】本文主要讲了Hare以及他带领的团队对松鼠们所使用的语言进行的研究。

1．A　主旨大意题。

纵观全文可以看出，文章向我们讲述了Hare以及他带领的团队对松鼠们所使用的语言进行的研究。

2

．B　细节理解题。

由文章中的内容可以看出，B项正确。

3．C　词义猜测题。

下文suchas后里列

举的directingfellows'activities，keepingincontactbetweenmates，andraisingalarms都是不同的信息，由此可以看出，该词和message同义。

4．B　推理判断题。

从文章第二段中“Somesquirrelsliftedtheirheadsupandbecamea

lert（警惕的）．Creaturesthatwe

remorefrightenedsimplyranfortheirlivesanddivedintocaves.”可以看出，松鼠们对于“therecordedalarmcalls”反应很敏感，也就是说它们能理解。

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Believeitornot,opticalillusion（视错觉）cancuthighwaycrashes.

Japanisacaseinpoint.Ithasreducedcarcrashesonsomeroadsbynearly75percentusingasimpleopticalillusion.Butstripes,calledchevrons（人字形）,paintedontheroadsmakedriversthinkthattheyaredrivingfasterthantheyreallyare,andthusdriversslowdown.

NowtheAmericanAutomobileAssociationFoundationforTrafficSafetyinWashingtonD.C.isplanningtorepeatJapan’ssuccess.Startingnextyear,thefoundationwillpaintchevronsandotherpatternsofstripesonselectedroadsaroundthecountrytotesthowwellthepatternsreducehighwaycrashes.

Toogreatspeedplaysamajorroleinasmuchasonefifthofallserioustrafficaccidents,accordingtothefoundation.Tohelpreducethoseaccidents,thefoundationwillconductitstestsinareaswherespeed-relatedrisksarethegreatestcurves,exitslopes,trafficcircles,andbridges.Somestudiessuggestthatstraight,horizontalbars（水平杆）paintedacrossroadscaninitiallycuttheaveragespeedofdriversinhalf.However,trafficoftenreturnstofullspeedwithinmonthsasdriversbecomeusedtoseeingthepaintedbars.

Chevrons,scientistssay,notonlygivedriverstheimpressionthattheyaredrivingfasterthantheyreallyarebutalsomakealaneappeartobenarrower.Theresultisalongerlastingreductioninhighwayspeedandthenumberoftrafficaccidents.

36.Thepassagemainlydiscusses________.

A.anewtypeofopticalillusion

B.anewpatternforpaintinghighways

C.anewwayoftrainingdrivers

D.anewwayofhighwayspeedcontrol

【答案】D

【解析】主旨大意题。

通读全文，我们可以知道，在高速公路上画各种线是为了让司机觉得车速过快，从而达到控制车速的目的。

37.Onroadspaintedwithchevrons,driverstendtofeelthat________.

A.theyshouldavoidspeed-relateddanger

B.theyshouldslowdowntheirspeed

C.theyaredrivinginthewrongside

D.theyarecomingneartothespeedlimit

【答案】B

【解析】细节理解题，由“Butstripes,calledchevrons（人字形）,paintedontheroadsmakedriversthinkthattheyaredrivingfasterthantheyreallyare,andthusdriversslowdown.”可知B项正确。

38.Comparedwithstraight,horizontalbars,whatistheadvantageofchevrons?

A.TheywillhavealongereffectondriversB.Theycancutroadaccidentsinhalf

C.TheywilllookmoreattractiveD.Theycankeepdriversawake

【答案】A

【解析】推断题。

由最后两段对比可知，人字形线比直线，平等线对控制车速有更长久的影响。

39.TheAmericanAutomobileAssociationFoundationforTrafficSafetyplansto________.

A.repeattheJapaneseroadpatterns

B.changetheroadsignsacrossthecountry

C.replacestraight,horizontalbarswithchevrons

D.tryouttheJapanesemethodincertainareas

【答案】D

【解析】细节理解题。

根据“paintchevronsandotherpatternsofstripesonselectedroadsaroundthecountry”可知他们在精心挑选的几条路上试验日本的模式。

40.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutstraight,horizontalbarspaintedacrossroads?

A.Theyaresuitableonlyonbroadroads.

B.TheyarefallingoutofuseintheUnitedStates.

C.Theyareignoredinalongperiodoftime.

D.Theycannotbeusedsuccessfullytotrafficcircles.

【答案】C

【解析】推理题。

根据“However,trafficoftenreturnstofullspeedwithinmonthsasdriversbecomeusedtoseeingthepaintedbars.”可知答案选C。

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

The$11billionself–helpindustryisbuiltontheideathatyoushouldturnnegativethoughtslike“Ineverdoanythingright”intopositiveoneslike“Icansucceed.”ButwaspositivethinkingadvocateNormanVincentPealeright?

Istherepowerinpositivethinking?

ResearchersinCanadajustpublishedastudyinthejournalPsychologicalSciencethatsaystryingtogetpeopletothinkmorepositivelycanactuallyhavetheoppositeeffect:

itcansimplystresshowunhappytheyare.

Thestudy'sauthors,JoanneWoodandJohnLeeoftheUniversityofWaterlooandElainePerunovicoftheUniversityofNewBrunswick,beginbycitingolderresearchshowingthatwhenpeoplegetfeedbackwhichtheybelieveistoopositive,theyactuallyfeelworse,notbetter.IfyoutellyourstupidfriendthathehasthepotentialofanEinstein,you'rejustunderlininghisfaults.Inone1990sexperiment,ateamincludingpsychologistJoelCooperofPrincetonaskedparticipantstowriteessaysopposingfundingforthedisabled.Whentheauthorswerelaterpraisedfortheirsympathy,theyfeltevenworseaboutwhattheyhadwritten.

Inthisexperiment,Wood,LeeandPerunovicmeasured68students’self-respect.Theparticipantswerethenaskedtowritedowntheirthoughtsandfeelingsforfourminutes.Every15seconds,onegroupofstudentsheardabell.Whenitrang,theyweresupposedtotellthemselves,"Iamlovable."

Thosewithlowself-respectdidn'tfeelbetteraftertheforcedself-affirmation（自我肯定）.Infact,theirmoodsturnedsignificantlydarkerthanthoseofmembersofthecontrolgroup,whoweren'turgedtothinkpositivethoughts.

Thepaperprovidessupportfornewerformsofpsychotherapy（心理治疗）thaturgepeopletoaccepttheirnegativethoughtsandfeelingsratherthanfightthem.Inthefighting,wenotonlyoftenfailbutcanmakethingsworse.Instead,meditation（静思）techniquescanteachpeopletoputtheirshortcomingsintoalarger,morerealisticway.Callitthepowerofnegativethinking.

41.Whatdowelearnfromthefirstparagraphabouttheself-helpindustry?

A.ItwasestablishedbyNormanVincentPeale.

B.Itisahighlyprofitableindustry.

C.Itisbasedontheconceptofpositivethinking.

D.Ithasprovidedpositiveresults.

【答案】C

【解析】细节理解题。

原文定位于首段第一句“The$11billionself-helpindustryisbuiltontheideathatyoushouldturnnegativethoughtslike“Ineverdoanythingright”intopositiveoneslike“Icansucceed.”选项中的basedon与文中的builton同义。

42.WhatisthefindingoftheCanadianresearchers?

A.Therecanbenosimpletreatmentforpsychologicalproblems.

B.Thepowerofpositivethinkingislimited.

C.Unhappypeoplecannotthinkpositively.

D.Encouragingpositivethinkingmaydomoreharmthangood.

【答案】D

【解析】原文定位为第二段：

“ResearchersinCanadajustpublishedastudyinthejournalPsychologicalSciencethatsaystryingtogetpeopletothinkmorepositivelycanactuallyhaveoppositeeffect;”之后，作者在下一段又再次强调了这一观点“olderresearchshowingthatwhenpeoplegetfeedbackwhichtheybelieveisoverlypositive,theyactuallyfeelworse,notbetter.”causeofatragedy与选项中的causeofthecrash一致。

抓住关键词“oppositeeffect；feelworse,