河北省定兴县高考英语二轮复习 阅读理解训练6.docx

1、河北省定兴县高考英语二轮复习 阅读理解训练6河北定兴县2016高考英语二轮阅读理解训练（6）史地自然型阅读理解(一) Squirrels often communicate with whistles, chirps and chucks, which sound like the word “chuck”. Whistles and chirps are like the sounds that many birds make.Now scientists have translated some of their squirrelspeak.Hare, a professor of zoo

2、logy at the University of Maniloha in Winnipeg, and his team managed to record squirrels alarm calls.The researchers studied the sounds and then played them back to 60 wild squirrels, which the scientists approached individually with a video recorder to capture(抓拍)their responses.Some squirrels lift

3、ed their heads up and became alert(警惕的)Creatures that were more frightened simply ran for their lives and dived into caves.“In effect then, whistles that mix with chucks say theres an enemy of average threat thats here， and whistles without chucks say theres an enemy of seemingly average threat arou

4、nd here somewhere， while pure chirps say, Im hiding here because theres an immediate danger.” Hare told.Hare and some other researchers believe such sounds are part of an advanced language that develops just as all other communication systems.Although squirrels risk their lives when they call out to

5、 warn others of threats, other squirrels might admire this behaviour, thus increasingly the callers social status, like humans who look up to heroes. Hare added that other animals, such as birds, probably understand at least some squirrel language, since they also may benefit from the alarm calls.In

6、 fact, another Canadian study found that deepvoiced, blackcapped chickadees have their own language, too.According to certain research, there are a lot of tidings in chickadees calls, such as directing fellows activities, keeping in contact between mates, and raising alarms.While chickadees and othe

7、r birds are often welcomed into gardens by homeowners, squirrels are frequently viewed as pests(害兽). Hare wishes a greater understanding of the complex social lives and communication systems of squirrels will provide “hope that humans will gain a greater appreciation and stop doing harm to these ani

8、mals”1The text mainly talks about _Athe study on the language of squirrelsBthe comparison between squirrels and chickadeesCthe calling for the protection of squirrelsDthe ways for squirrels to escape from their enemies2If a squirrel is in a very dangerous situation, it would probably make _Awhistles

9、 with chucksBpure chirpsCwhistles without chucksDrepeated chucks3The underlined word “tidings” in Paragraph 6 probably means “_”Adifficulties BpoisesCmessages Dlanguages4What can be learned from this text?ASquirrels communicate with each other as humans do.BSome squirrels understand the recorded ala

10、rm calls.COther animals also well understand the language of squirrels.DBirds such as chickadees dont have their own language.(二)【要点综述】本文主要讲了Hare以及他带领的团队对松鼠们所使用的语言进行的研究。1A主旨大意题。纵观全文可以看出，文章向我们讲述了Hare以及他带领的团队对松鼠们所使用的语言进行的研究。2B细节理解题。由文章中的内容可以看出，B项正确。3C词义猜测题。下文such as 后里列举的directing fellows activities，k

11、eeping in contact between mates，and raising alarms都是不同的信息，由此可以看出，该词和message同义。4B推理判断题。从文章第二段中“Some squirrels lifted their heads up and became alert(警惕的)Creatures that were more frightened simply ran for their lives and dived into caves.”可以看出，松鼠们对于“the recorded alarm calls”反应很敏感，也就是说它们能理解。阅读下列短文，从每题所

12、给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Believe it or not, optical illusion(视错觉) can cut highway crashes.Japan is a case in point. It has reduced car crashes on some roads by nearly 75 percent using a simple optical illusion. But stripes, called chevrons(人字形), painted on the roads make drivers think that the

13、y are driving faster than they really are, and thus drivers slow down.Now the American Automobile Association Foundation for Traffic Safety in Washington D.C. is planning to repeat Japans success. Starting next year, the foundation will paint chevrons and other patterns of stripes on selected roads

14、around the country to test how well the patterns reduce highway crashes.Too great speed plays a major role in as much as one fifth of all serious traffic accidents, according to the foundation. To help reduce those accidents, the foundation will conduct its tests in areas where speed-related risks a

15、re the greatest curves, exit slopes, traffic circles, and bridges. Some studies suggest that straight, horizontal bars(水平杆)painted across roads can initially cut the average speed of drivers in half. However, traffic often returns to full speed within months as drivers become used to seeing the pain

16、ted bars.Chevrons, scientists say, not only give drivers the impression that they are driving faster than they really are but also make a lane appear to be narrower. The result is a longer lasting reduction in highway speed and the number of traffic accidents.36. The passage mainly discusses _.A. a

17、new type of optical illusion B. a new pattern for painting highwaysC. a new way of training driversD. a new way of highway speed control【答案】D 【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文，我们可以知道，在高速公路上画各种线是为了让司机觉得车速过快，从而达到控制车速的目的。37. On roads painted with chevrons, drivers tend to feel that _.A. they should avoid speed-related da

18、ngerB. they should slow down their speed C. they are driving in the wrong sideD. they are coming near to the speed limit【答案】B【解析】细节理解题，由“But stripes, called chevrons(人字形), painted on the roads make drivers think that they are driving faster than they really are, and thus drivers slow down.”可知B项正确。38

19、. Compared with straight, horizontal bars, what is the advantage of chevrons? A. They will have a longer effect on drivers B. They can cut road accidents in half C. They will look more attractive D. They can keep drivers awake【答案】A【解析】推断题。由最后两段对比可知，人字形线比直线，平等线对控制车速有更长久的影响。39. The American Automobile

20、 Association Foundation for Traffic Safety plans to _.A. repeat the Japanese road patternsB. change the road signs across the country C. replace straight, horizontal bars with chevronsD. try out the Japanese method in certain areas【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。根据“paint chevrons and other patterns of stripes on sel

21、ected roads around the country”可知他们在精心挑选的几条路上试验日本的模式。40. What does the author say about straight, horizontal bars painted across roads?A. They are suitable only on broad roads. B. They are falling out of use in the United States.C. They are ignored in a long period of time.D. They cannot be used suc

22、cessfully to traffic circles.【答案】C【解析】推理题。根据“However, traffic often returns to full speed within months as drivers become used to seeing the painted bars.”可知答案选C。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。The $ 11 billion self help industry is built on the idea that you should turn negative thoughts

23、like “ I never do anything right” into positive ones like “I can succeed.” But was positive thinking advocate Norman Vincent Peale right? Is there power in positive thinking?Researchers in Canada just published a study in the journal Psychological Science that says trying to get people to think more

24、 positively can actually have the opposite effect: it can simply stress how unhappy they are.The studys authors, Joanne Wood and John Lee of the University of Waterloo and Elaine Perunovic of the University of New Brunswick, begin by citing older research showing that when people get feedback which

25、they believe is too positive, they actually feel worse, not better. If you tell your stupid friend that he has the potential of an Einstein, youre just underlining his faults. In one 1990s experiment, a team including psychologist Joel Cooper of Princeton asked participants to write essays opposing

26、funding for the disabled. When the authors were later praised for their sympathy, they felt even worse about what they had written.In this experiment, Wood, Lee and Perunovic measured 68 students self-respect. The participants were then asked to write down their thoughts and feelings for four minute

27、s. Every 15 seconds, one group of students heard a bell. When it rang, they were supposed to tell themselves, I am lovable.Those with low self-respect didnt feel better after the forced self-affirmation(自我肯定). In fact, their moods turned significantly darker than those of members of the control grou

28、p, who werent urged to think positive thoughts.The paper provides support for newer forms of psychotherapy (心理治疗) that urge people to accept their negative thoughts and feelings rather than fight them. In the fighting, we not only often fail but can make things worse. Instead, meditation (静思) techni

29、ques can teach people to put their shortcomings into a larger, more realistic way. Call it the power of negative thinking.41. What do we learn from the first paragraph about the self-help industry? A. It was established by Norman Vincent Peale. B. It is a highly profitable industry. C. It is based o

30、n the concept of positive thinking.D. It has provided positive results.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。原文定位于首段第一句“The $ 11 billion self-help industry is built on the idea that you should turn negative thoughts like “I never do anything right”into positive ones like “I can succeed.”选项中的based on与文中的built on同义。42. What

31、 is the finding of the Canadian researchers? A. There can be no simple treatment for psychological problems. B. The power of positive thinking is limited. C. Unhappy people cannot think positively.D. Encouraging positive thinking may do more harm than good.【答案】D 【解析】原文定位为第二段：“Researchers in Canada j

32、ust published a study in the journal Psychological Science that says trying to get people to think more positively can actually have opposite effect;”之后，作者在下一段又再次强调了这一观点“older research showing that when people get feedback which they believe is overly positive, they actually feel worse , not better.” cause of a tragedy与选项中的cause of the crash一致。抓住关键词“opposite effect；feel worse ,