贵阳市最新 高考英语 阅读理解精选及答案.docx
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贵阳市最新高考英语阅读理解精选及答案
贵阳市最新高考英语阅读理解精选及答案
一、高中英语阅读理解
1．阅读理解
AstudypublishedinthejournalSciencerevealsthatsince1970,birdpopulationsintheUnitedStatesandCanadahavedeclinedby29percent,oralmost3billionbirds.Theresultsshowtremendouslossesacrossdiversegroupsofbirdsandhabitats-fromiconicsongsterssuchasmeadowlarkstolong-distancemigrantssuchasswallows.
"Thesedataareconsistentwithwhatwe'reseeingelsewhere,"saidcoauthorPeterMarra,formerheadoftheSmithsonianMigratoryBirdCenter.It'surgenttoaddressongoingthreats,bothbecausethedominoeffects（多米诺效应）canleadtothedecayofecosystemsthathumansdependonforourownhealthandlivelihoodsandbecausepeopleallovertheworldcherishbirdsintheirownright.Canyouimagineaworldwithoutbirdsong?
"
Evidenceforthedeclinesemergedfromdetectionofmigratorybirdsintheairfrom143NEXRADweatherradarstationsacrossthecontinentinaperiodspanningover10yearsaswellasfromnearly50yearsofdatacollectedthroughmultiplemonitoringeffortsontheground.Citizen-scienceparticipantsalsocontributedalot,fortheanalysisincludedcitizen-sciencedatafromtheNorthAmericanBreedingBirdSurveycoordinatedbytheCanadianWildlifeService-themainsourcesoflong-term,large-scalepopulationdataforNorthAmericanbirds.
Thestudynotedthatthelargestfactordrivingthesedeclinesislikelythewidespreadlossanddegradationofhabitat,especiallyduetoagriculturalintensificationandurbanization.Otherstudieshavedocumenteddeathfrompredation（捕食）bydomesticcats;collisionswithglass,buildings,andotherstructures;andpervasive（普遍的）useofpesticidesassociatedwithwidespreaddeclinesininsects,anessentialfoodsourceforbirds.Climatechangeisexpectedtocompoundthesechallengesbyalteringhabitatsandthreateningplantcommunitiesthatbirdsneedtosurvive.
"It'sawake-upcallthatwe'velostmorethanaquarterofourbirdsintheU.S.andCanada,"saidcoauthorAdamSmithfromEnvironmentandClimateChangeCanada.Butthecrisisreachesfarbeyondourindividualborders.ManyofthebirdsthatbreedinCanadianbackyardsmigratethroughorspendthewinterintheU.S.andplacesfarthersouth-fromMexicoandtheCaribbeantoCentralandSouthAmerica.Whatourbirdsneednowisanhistoric,hemisphericeffortthatunitespeopleandorganizationswithonecommongoal:
bringingourbirdsback.
（1）Theunderlinedword"decay"inParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto____.
A.improvement
B.worsening
C.changed
D.threat
（2）WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytalkabout?
A.Newfindingsoftheresearch.
B.Applicationsoftheresearch.
C.Datasourcesoftheresearch.
D.Methodsoftheresearch.
（3）WhatAdamSmithsaidmainlyimpliesthat___________.
A.birdpopulationsinAmericaandCanadadroppedbyaquarter
B.thebirdpopulationcrisisisnotjustwithinindividualborders
C.thereislittleindividualscandotohelpincreasebirdpopulations
D.thesolutiontosolvingthecrisisneedsinternationalcooperation
【答案】
（1）B
（2）C
（3）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道。
发表在《科学》杂志上的一项研究显示，美国和加拿大的鸟类数量已经下降了，鸟类和栖息地都遭受了巨大的损失，作者根据研究数据来说明解决这些问题迫在眉睫，需要全人类共同努力拯救鸟类。
（1）考查词义猜测。
根据第二段中的“It'surgenttoaddressongoingthreats,bothbecausethedominoeffects（多米诺效应）canleadtothedecayofecosystemsthathumansdependonforourownhealthandlivelihoods”可知，解决持续的威胁迫在眉睫，人类依赖生态系统以生存和保持健康，这里的威胁指多米诺效应会破坏人们的生态系统，可以判断多米诺效应会让生态系统恶化，故选B。
（2）考查段落大意。
根据第三段“在过去10年中，在整个非洲大陆143个天气雷达站对候鸟的探测，以及通过在当地进行的多次监测工作收集到的近50年的数据......公民科学参与者也做出了很大贡献，分析北美繁殖鸟类调查数据，这是北美鸟类长期、大规模数据的主要来源。
”可知，本段主要介绍了研究的数据来源，故选C。
（3）考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的“Whatourbirdsneednowisanhistoric,hemisphericeffortthatunitespeopleandorganizationswithonecommongoal:
bringingourbirdsback.”可知，鸟类现在需要的是一项历史性的、半球性的努力，把人们和组织团结起来实现一个共同目标：
把鸟类带回来，所以解决这个危机需要国际合作，故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及段落大意，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道。
考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
2．阅读理解
Whilesmallmaybebeautiful,tallisjustplainuncomfortableitseems,particularlywhenitcomestostayinginhotelsandeatinginrestaurants.
TheTallPersonsClubGreatBritain（TPCGB）,whichwasformedsixmonthsagotocampaignfortheneedsofthetall,hasturneditsattentiontohotelsandrestaurants.Bedsthataretoosmall,showerheadsthataretoolow,andrestauranttableswithhardlyanyleg-roomallmakelifedifficultforthoseofaboveaverageheight,itsays.
Butitisnotjusttheextra-tallwhoseneedsarenotbeingmet.Theaverageheightofthepopulationhasbeenincreasingyetthestandardsizeofbeds,doorways,andchairshasremainedunchanged.
"Thebeddingindustrysaysabedshouldbesixincheslargerthanthepersonusingit,soevenaking-sizebedat6′6″（6feetand6inches）isfallingshortfor25%ofmen,whilethestandard6′3″bedcatersforlessthanhalfofthemalepopulation."SaidTPCGBpresidentPhilHeinricy,"seven-footbedswouldworkfine."
Similarly,restauranttablescancausenoendofproblems.Smalltables,whichmeanthelong-leggedhavetositafootorsoawayfromthem,areenoughtomaketallcustomersgoelsewhere.
Somehavealreadytakennote,however.AtQueensMoatHouses′CaledomanHotelinEdinburgh,6′6″bedsarenowputinasstandardafterrequestsforlongerbedsfromtallervisitors,particularlyAmericans.
（1）WhatisthepurposeoftheTPCGBcampaign?
A. Toprovidebetterservices.
B. Torebuildhotelsandrestaurants.
C. Todrawpublicattentiontotheneedsofthetall.
D. Toattractmorepeopletobecomeitsmembers.
（2）WhichofthefollowingmightbeabedofproperlengthaccordingtoPhilHeinricy?
A. 7′2″.
B. 7′
C. 6′6″
D. 6′3″
（3）Whatmayhappentorestaurantswithsmalltables?
A. Theymaylosesomecustomers.
B. Theymaystartbusinesseselsewhere.
C. Theyhavetofindeasychairstomatchthetables.
D. Theyhavetoprovideenoughspaceforthelong-legged.
（4）WhatchangehasalreadybeenmadeinahotelinEdinburgh?
A. Tallpeoplepaymoreforlargerbeds.
B. 6′6″bedshavetakentheplaceof6′3″beds.
C. SpecialroomsarekeptforAmericans.
D. Guestroomsarestandardized.
【答案】
（1）C
（2）B
（3）A
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述一个英国的高个子组织TPCGP在六个月以前向宾馆和酒店发起的针对高个子的一些特殊需求的活动。
（1）考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的“whichwasformedsixmonthsagotocampaignfortheneedsofthetall,hasturneditsattentiontohotelsandrestaurants.”可知TPCGP是为了让公众注意高个子的一些特殊需求。
故选C。
（2）考查细节理解。
根据倒数第三段中的“SaidTPCGBpresidentPhilHeinricy,‘seven-footbedswouldworkfine.’”Tpcgb总裁PhilHeinricy,说，七英尺的床就够了可知选B。
（3）考查推理判断。
根据倒数第二段可知，如果饭店使用小的桌子，自然就失去了高个子这样一类群体的顾客。
选A。
（4）考查细节理解。
根据最后一段中的“6′6″bedsarenowputinasstandardafterrequestsforlongerbedsfromtallervisitors,particularlyAmericans.”在高个子游客要求更长的床位后，6′6床位现在被作为标准放置，尤其是美国人，故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
3．阅读理解
Inmodernsocietythereisagreatdealofargumentaboutcompetition.Somevalueithighly,believingthatitisresponsibleforsocialprogressandprosperity（繁荣）.Otherssaythatcompetitionisbad;thatitsetsonepersonagainstanother;thatitleadstounfriendlyrelationshipbetweenpeople.
Ihavetaughtmanychildrenwhoheldthebeliefthattheirself-worthreliedonhowwelltheyperformedattennisandotherskills.Forthem,playingwellandwinningareoftenlife-and-deathaffairs.Intheirsingle-mindedpursuitofsuccess,thedevelopmentofmanyotherhumanqualitiesissadlyforgotten.
However,whilesomeseemtobelostinthedesiretosucceed,otherstakeanoppositeattitude.Inaculturewhichvaluesonlythewinnerandpaysnoattentiontotheordinaryplayers,theystronglyblamecompetition.Amongthemostvocalareyoungsterswhohavesufferedundercompetitivepressuresfromtheirparentsorsociety.Teachingtheseyoungpeople,Ioftenobserveinthemadesiretofail.Theyseemtoseekfailurebynottryingtowinorachievesuccess.Bynottrying,theyalwayshaveanexcuse:
"Imayhavelost,butitdoesn'tmatterbecauseIreallydidn'ttry."Whatisnotusuallyadmittedbythemselvesisthebeliefthatiftheyhadreallytriedandlost,thatwouldmeanalot.Suchalosswouldbeameasureoftheirworth.Clearly,thisbeliefisthesameasthatofthetruecompetitorswhotrytoprovethemselves.Botharebasedonthemistakenbeliefthatone'sself-respectreliesonhowwelloneperformsincomparisonwithothers.Bothareafraidofnotbeingvalued.Onlyasthisbasicandoftentroublesomefearbeginstodissolve（缓解）canwediscoveranewmeaningincompetition.
（1）Whyaresomepeopleinfavorofcompetition?
A. Becausetheythinkcompetitionpushessocietyforward.
B. Becausetheythinkcompetitionimprovessocialabilities.
C. Becausetheythinkcompetitionbuildsupasenseofpride.
D. Becausetheythinkcompetitiondevelopspeople'srelationship.
（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"themostvocal"inParagraph3referto?
A. Peoplewhotrytheirbesttowin.
B. Peoplewhohighlyvaluecompetition.
C. Peoplewhoarestronglyagainstcompetition.
D. Peoplewhomostlyrelyonothersforsuccess.
（3）Whichviewpointdoestheauthoragreeto?
A. Self-worthreliesonwinning.
B. Winningshouldbealife-and-deathmatter.
C. Competitionleadstounfriendlyrelationship.
D. Fearoffailureshouldberemovedincompetition.
（4）Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?
A. Competitionhelpstosetupself-respect.
B. Peopleholddifferentopinionsaboutcompetition.
C. Failuresarenecessaryexperienceincompetition.
D. Competitionisharmfultopersonalqualitydevelopment.
【答案】
（1）A
（2）C
（3）D
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一
升级会员 