贵阳市最新 高考英语 阅读理解精选及答案.docx

1、贵阳市最新 高考英语 阅读理解精选及答案贵阳市最新 高考英语 阅读理解精选及答案一、高中英语阅读理解1阅读理解 A study published in the journal Science reveals that since 1970, bird populations in the United States and Canada have declined by 29 percent, or almost 3 billion birds. The results show tremendous losses across diverse groups of birds and hab

2、itats - from iconic songsters such as meadowlarks to long-distance migrants such as swallows. These data are consistent with what were seeing elsewhere, said coauthor Peter Marra, former head of the Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center. Its urgent to address ongoing threats, both because the domino eff

3、ects (多米诺效应)can lead to the decay of ecosystems that humans depend on for our own health and livelihoods and because people all over the world cherish birds in their own right. Can you imagine a world without birdsong? Evidence for the declines emerged from detection of migratory birds in the air fr

4、om 143 NEXRAD weather radar stations across the continent in a period spanning over 10 years as well as from nearly 50 years of data collected through multiple monitoring efforts on the ground. Citizen-science participants also contributed a lot, for the analysis included citizen-science data from t

5、he North American Breeding Bird Survey coordinated by the Canadian Wildlife Service- the main sources of long-term, large-scale population data for North American birds. The study noted that the largest factor driving these declines is likely the widespread loss and degradation of habitat, especiall

6、y due to agricultural intensification and urbanization. Other studies have documented death from predation (捕食)by domestic cats; collisions with glass, buildings, and other structures; and pervasive (普遍的)use of pesticides associated with widespread declines in insects, an essential food source for b

7、irds. Climate change is expected to compound these challenges by altering habitats and threatening plant communities that birds need to survive. Its a wake-up call that weve lost more than a quarter of our birds in the U.S. and Canada, said coauthor Adam Smith from Environment and Climate Change Can

8、ada. But the crisis reaches far beyond our individual borders. Many of the birds that breed in Canadian backyards migrate through or spend the winter in the U.S. and places farther south - from Mexico and the Caribbean to Central and South America. What our birds need now is an historic, hemispheric

9、 effort that unites people and organizations with one common goal: bringing our birds back.（1）The underlined word decay in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to_. A.improvementB.worseningC.changedD.threat（2）What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A.New findings of the research.B.Applications of the

10、research.C.Data sources of the research.D.Methods of the research.（3）What Adam Smith said mainly implies that_. A.bird populations in America and Canada dropped by a quarterB.the bird population crisis is not just within individual bordersC.there is little individuals can do to help increase bird po

11、pulationsD.the solution to solving the crisis needs international cooperation【答案】 （1）B（2）C（3）D 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道。发表在科学杂志上的一项研究显示，美国和加拿大的鸟类数量已经下降了，鸟类和栖息地都遭受了巨大的损失，作者根据研究数据来说明解决这些问题迫在眉睫，需要全人类共同努力拯救鸟类。 （1）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“Its urgent to address ongoing threats, both because the domino effects （多米诺效应）can l

12、ead to the decay of ecosystems that humans depend on for our own health and livelihoods”可知，解决持续的威胁迫在眉睫，人类依赖生态系统以生存和保持健康，这里的威胁指多米诺效应会破坏人们的生态系统，可以判断多米诺效应会让生态系统恶化，故选B。 （2）考查段落大意。根据第三段“在过去10年中，在整个非洲大陆143个天气雷达站对候鸟的探测，以及通过在当地进行的多次监测工作收集到的近50年的数据.公民科学参与者也做出了很大贡献，分析北美繁殖鸟类调查数据，这是北美鸟类长期、大规模数据的主要来源。”可知，本段主要介绍了

13、研究的数据来源，故选C。 （3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“What our birds need now is an historic, hemispheric effort that unites people and organizations with one common goal: bringing our birds back.”可知，鸟类现在需要的是一项历史性的、半球性的努力，把人们和组织团结起来实现一个共同目标：把鸟类带回来，所以解决这个危机需要国际合作，故选D。 【点评】本题考点涉及段落大意，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道。考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系

14、，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。2阅读理解 While small may be beautiful, tall is just plain uncomfortable it seems, particularly when it comes to staying in hotels and eating in restaurants. The Tall Persons Club Great Britain (TPCGB), which was formed six months ago to campaign for the needs of the tall, has tu

15、rned its attention to hotels and restaurants. Beds that are too small, shower heads that are too low, and restaurant tables with hardly any leg-room all make life difficult for those of above average height, it says. But it is not just the extra-tall whose needs are not being met. The average height

16、 of the population has been increasing yet the standard size of beds, doorways, and chairs has remained unchanged. The bedding industry says a bed should be six inches larger than the person using it, so even a king-size bed at 66 (6 feet and 6 inches) is falling short for 25% of men, while the stan

17、dard 63 bed caters for less than half of the male population. Said TPCGB president Phil Heinricy, seven-foot beds would work fine. Similarly, restaurant tables can cause no end of problems. Small tables, which mean the long-legged have to sit a foot or so away from them, are enough to make tall cust

18、omers go elsewhere. Some have already taken note, however. At Queens Moat Houses Caledoman Hotel in Edinburgh, 66 beds are now put in as standard after requests for longer beds from taller visitors, particularly Americans. （1）What is the purpose of the TPCGB campaign? A.To provide better services.B.

19、To rebuild hotels and restaurants.C.To draw public attention to the needs of the tall.D.To attract more people to become its members.（2）Which of the following might be a bed of proper length according to Phil Heinricy? A.72.B.7C.66D.63（3）What may happen to restaurants with small tables? A.They may l

20、ose some customers.B.They may start businesses elsewhere.C.They have to find easy chairs to match the tables.D.They have to provide enough space for the long-legged.（4）What change has already been made in a hotel in Edinburgh? A.Tall people pay more for larger beds.B.66beds have taken the place of 6

21、3beds.C.Special rooms are kept for Americans.D.Guest rooms are standardized.【答案】 （1）C（2）B（3）A（4）B 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述一个英国的高个子组织TPCGP在六个月以前向宾馆和酒店发起的针对高个子的一些特殊需求的活动。 （1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“which was formed six months ago to campaign for the needs of the tall, has turned its attention to hotels and restaura

22、nts.” 可知TPCGP是为了让公众注意高个子的一些特殊需求。故选C。 （2）考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段中的“Said TPCGB president Phil Heinricy, seven-foot beds would work fine. ”Tpcgb 总裁Phil Heinricy, 说，七英尺的床就够了可知选B。 （3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段可知，如果饭店使用小的桌子，自然就失去了高个子这样一类群体的顾客。选A。 （4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“66beds are now put in as standard after requests for longer b

23、eds from taller visitors, particularly Americans. ”在高个子游客要求更长的床位后，66床位现在被作为标准放置，尤其是美国人，故选B。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。3阅读理解 In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition. Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for s

24、ocial progress and prosperity(繁荣). Others say that competition is bad; that it sets one person against another; that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people. I have taught many children who held the belief that their self-worth relied on how well they performed at tennis and other skills.

25、 For them, playing well and winning are often life-and-death affairs. In their single-minded pursuit of success, the development of many other human qualities is sadly forgotten. However, while some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed, others take an opposite attitude. In a culture which values

26、 only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players, they strongly blame competition. Among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society. Teaching these young people, I often observe in them a desire to fail. They seem to seek f

27、ailure by not trying to win or achieve success. By not trying, they always have an excuse: I may have lost, but it doesnt matter because I really didnt try.What is not usually admitted by themselves is the belief that if they had really tried and lost, that would mean a lot. Such a loss would be a m

28、easure of their worth. Clearly, this belief is the same as that of the true competitors who try to prove themselves. Both are based on the mistaken belief that ones self-respect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others. Both are afraid of not being valued. Only as this basic and oft

29、en troublesome fear begins to dissolve(缓解)can we discover a new meaning in competition.（1）Why are some people in favor of competition? A.Because they think competition pushes society forward.B.Because they think competition improves social abilities.C.Because they think competition builds up a sense

30、 of pride.D.Because they think competition develops peoples relationship.（2）What does the underlined phrase the most vocal in Paragraph 3 refer to? A.People who try their best to win.B.People who highly value competition.C.People who are strongly against competition.D.People who mostly rely on other

31、s for success.（3）Which viewpoint does the author agree to? A.Self-worth relies on winning.B.Winning should be a life-and-death matter.C.Competition leads to unfriendly relationship.D.Fear of failure should be removed in competition.（4）What does the passage mainly talk about? A.Competition helps to set up self-respect.B.People hold different opinions about competition.C.Failures are necessary experience in competition.D.Competition is harmful to personal quality development.【答案】 （1）A（2）C（3）D（4）B 【解析】【分析】本文是一