山西省山大附中等晋豫名校届高三第四次调研诊断考试英语试题.docx

山西省山大附中等晋豫名校届高三第四次调研诊断考试英语试题.docx

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山西省山大附中等晋豫名校届高三第四次调研诊断考试英语试题

第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分60分）

第一节（共20小题，每小题2.5分，满分50分）

A

Nearly19percentofteachersofcolor（有色人种教师）lefttheirjobsafterthe2014-2015schoolyear.Someleftforpersonalreasonsliketakingcareoftheirfamilies.But50percentsaidtheyleftbecausetheyweredissatisfiedwiththeiremploymentsituation,suchaspoorworkingconditions,studentdisciplineproblemsandlargeclasssizes.Thus,takingimmediatemeasurestoimproveitisourtoppriority.

Foryears,researchershaveprovedthebenefitsofincreasingtheshareofminorityteachersinschools,especiallyasourpublicschoolsystemhasturnedtoonethatismadeupmostlyofminoritystudents.Teachersofcolor,whoaremorelikelythantheirwhitecounterpartstochoosetoworkinraciallydiverse（多种多样的）schools,offerparticularbenefitstotheirstudents.Graduationratesincreaseamongminoritystudentswhentheyaretaughtbyraciallysimilareducators,researchshows.Theycanalsoserveaspositiverolemodels,andtheirpresencereducesthechanceofracialdiscriminationatschool.

TheShankerInstitutereportsuggeststhattherateofminorityteacherhiringisnotthewholeproblem.Theproblemiswhathappensaftertheseteachersentertheclassroom.Theseteachersoftenworkinhigh-povertyruralschools.Theyaremorelikelytohaveless-desirableworkingconditions.

Diversityisakeycomponenttoequalityandopportunity.Wherethere’sadiverseteachingworkforce,allkidsthrive.Sosolutionsmustbefoundatoncetoturnthistrendaround.Firstly,schoolsshoulddevelopmentorshipprogramsthatsupportminorityteachersoncetheyareintheclassroom.Secondly,moremoneyshouldbespentinimprovingworkingconditionsintheseschools.Ofcourse,schoolheadmastersshouldalsobeevaluatedontheirabilitytoretainteachersofcolor.

1.Amongteachersofcolorleavingtheirjobs,halfofthemquitbecause.

A.theyhadtotakecareoftheirchildren

B.theyhadtomovetootherplaces

C.theyeventuallyfoundbetter-paidjobs

D.theiremploymentsituationwasunsatisfactory

2.Whichofthefollowingisthemainideaofthesecondparagraph?

A.Thesolutionstoincreasinggraduationratesamongminoritystudents.

B.Thebenefitsofincreasingtheshareofminorityteachersinschools.

C.Thereasonsforteachersofcolorleavingtheirjobsinmanyschools.

D.Thewaystodecreasethepossibilityofracialdiscriminationatschool.

3.Howdidtheauthorfeelwhenwritingthepassage?

A.Hefeltangryaboutthegovernment.

B.Hewassatisfiedwiththepresentsituation.

C.Hefeltiturgenttosolvetheproblem.

D.Hedidn’tcareaboutdiverseteachingworkforce.

B

Children’sliveshavechangedgreatlyoverthelast50years.ButdotheyhaveahappierchildhoodthanyouorIdid?

It’sdifficulttolookbackonone’sownchildhoodwithoutsomeelementofnostalgia（怀旧的）.Ihavefourbrothersandsisters,andmymemoriesareallaboutbeingwiththem.Playingboardgamesonthelivingroomfloor,orspendingdaysinthestreetwiththeotherneighborhoodchildren,racingupanddownonourbikes,orexploringthenearbywoods.Myparentsscarcelyappearinthesememories,exceptasproviderseitherofmealsorofsevereblameaftersomeparticularlyriskyadventure.

Thesedays,intheUKatleast,thenatureofchildhoodhaschangeddramatically.Firstly,familiesaresmaller,andtherearefarmoreonlychildren.Itiscommonforbothparentstoworkoutsidethehomeandthereisthefeelingthattherejustisn’ttimetobringupalargefamily,orthatnoonecouldpossiblyaffordtohavemorethanonechild.Asaresult,today’sboysandgirlsspendmuchoftheirtimealone.Anothermajorchangeisthatyoungsterstodaytendtospendahugeamountoftheirfreetimeathome,inside.Morethananythingthisisduetothefactthatparentsworryfarmorethantheyusedtoaboutrealorimagineddangers,sotheywouldn’tdreamoflettingtheirchildrenplayoutsidebythemselves.

Finally,thekindoftoyschildrenhaveandthewaytheyplayistotallydifferent.Computerandvideogameshavereplacedtheboardgamesandmoreinterestingactivitiesofmychildhood.Theirony（令人啼笑皆非的事情）isthatsomanywaysofplayinggamesarecalled“interactive”.Thefactthatyoucanplayelectronicgamesonyourownfurtherincreasesthesenseoflonelinessfeltbymanyyoungpeopletoday.

DothesechangesmeanthatchildrentodayhavealessrelaxingchildhoodthanIhad?

Ipersonallybelievethattheydo,butperhapseverygenerationfeelsexactlythesame.

4.Whatisthepurposeofthedirectquestiongiveninthefirstparagraph?

A.Togetpeople’sattentionandleadinthetopic

B.Togatherpeople’sopinionsonchildhood

C.Toshowwhothepassageiswrittenfor

D.Tocomparethechildhoodlivesoftwogenerations

5.WhichisNOTareasonforthechanges?

A.Familiesaresmallertoday

B.Parentsworriedtoomuchabouttheirchildren

C.Toyscanbeplayedbychildrenaloneathome

D.It’stoodangeroustoplayoutside

6.Whathasthewriterfocusedoninthefourthparagraph?

A.Youngpeopletodayshouldn’tplayelectronicgames

B.Somegamesthatyoungpeopleplaytodayaren’treallygood

C.Computerandvideogameshavereplacedtheboardgames

D.Boardgamesaremuchmoreinterestingthancomputergames

7.Thewriter’sattitudetowardsthechildhoodchangingis.

A.approvingB.unconcernedC.objectiveD.optimistic

C

YoumayhaveneverheardofLanthanum,CeriumorNeodymium,buttheseelements（元素）andothersknownas“rareearth”playamajorroleinmoderntechnology.Theycanactuallybefoundinmanyplacesontheearth,butnotinquantitiesthatcanbemined.Onlyafewcountries—China,America,India,Australia,BrazilandMalaysiahaveanythatcanbeminedenoughtobetraded.

EventhoughsomeoftheseelementssuchasCeriumareasabundantasCopper,theyarenotfoundinconcentratedamountsontheearth’ssurface.Theyareoftenmixedtogetherwithothermetals,whichmakesextraction（提取）oftheseelementsanexpensiveandanenvironmentallymessyprocess.Itwasduetothisreasonthattheterm“rareearth”wasinvented.

Rareearthmetalsareusedwidelyinourlife.Rechargeablecarbatteries,computers,iPhones,DVDplayers,computermonitors,televisions,lighting,lasers,glasspolishing,andsuperconductorsallusequantitiesofrareearthmetals.Also,withtheadvancementin“green”technologylikesolarpanels,theseshinymaterialsarebecomingmoreimportantthanever.Anaverageelectriccaruses10poundsofLanthanumforitsrechargeablebattery!

Americahaslargedeposits（存储量）ofrareearthsandhasoneofthefirstmines.ItwasopenedinSouthernCaliforniain1940.Theelement“Europium”wasthefirstmetaltobeseparatedinquantityforuseincolortelevisions.However,inthe1980’sand1990’s,asChinastartedproducingtheseelementsinInnerMongolia,theminesinAmericaandelsewherecouldnotkeeppace.ThemineinMountainPass,Californiaalsofailedenvironmentalregulationsandshutdownin2002.

Now,recognizingtheimportanceofhavingmorethanonesupplierofthisimportantresource,otherrareearthowningcountrieslikeIndiaandAustraliaareeitherdustingofftheirrareearthminesorspeedinguptheirproduction.Itisbelievedthatthedebateoverrareearthswillbecomelouderinthecomingmonthsandyears.

8.Whatcanwelearnaboutrareearths?

A.TheyareactuallyasabundantasCopper.

B.Theycanbeminedeasilyasothermetals.

C.Theycanonlybefoundinafewcountries.

D.Theyarenotreallyasrareastheyarenamed.

9.ComparedwithChina,America.

A.paidmoreattentiontoEuropium

B.haslargerdepositsofrareearths

C.startedproducingrareearthsearlier

D.hasmorerareearthmines

10.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthatrareearths.

A.arenowingreatdemand

B.cannowbeusedinfewfields

C.areharmfultotheenvironment

D.willsoonbereplacedbyothermetals

D

Everybodyhatesit,buteverybodydoesit.Arecentreportsaidthat40%ofAmericanshatetipping.InAmericaalone,tippingisa$16billion-a-yearindustry.Consumersactingpolitelyoughtnottopaymorethantheyhavetoforagivenservice.Tipsshouldnotexist.Sowhydothey?

Thecommonopinioninthepastwasthattipsbothrewardedtheeffortsofgoodserviceandreduceduncomfortablefeelingsofinequality.Andalso,tippingmakesforcloserrelations.Itwentwithoutsayingthatthebettertheservice,thebiggerthetip.

ButaccordingtoanewresearchfromCornellUniversity,tipsnolongerserveanyusefulfunction.Thepaperanalyzesnumberstheygotfrom2,547groupsdiningat20differentrestaurants.Theconnectionbetweenlargertipsandbetterservicewasveryweak.Onlyatinypartofthesizeofthetiphadanythingtodowiththequalityofservice.

Tippingisbetterexplained,byculturethanbythemoneypeoplespend.InAmerica,thecustomcameintobeingalongtimeago.Itisregardedaspartoftheacceptedcostofaservice.InNewYorkrestaurants,failingtotipatleast15%couldwellmeandissatisfactionfromthecustomers.Hairdresserscanexpecttogetl5%-20%,andthemanwhodeliversyourfastfood$2.InEurope,tippingislesscommon.Inmanyrestaurantstheamountoftipisdecidedbyastandardservicecharge.InmanyAsiancountries,tippinghasneverreallycaughtonatall.Onlyafewhavereallytakentotipping.AccordingtoMichaelLynn,theCornellpapers’author,countriesinwhichpeoplearemoresocialoroutgoingtendtotipmore.Tippingmayreduceanxietyaboutbeingservedbystrangers.AndMr.Lynnsays,“InAmerica,wherepeopleareexpressiveandeagertomixupwithothers,tippingisaboutsocialapproval.Ifyou