老托福20经典听写.docx
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老托福20经典听写
37
We'vejustseentwocontemporarylargebirdsthatcannotfly:
theemuandtheostrich.Overhereisaninterestingspecimenfromthepast.Thisstuffedanimalisnotthegiantpenguinitappearstobe,butanauk.Thisparticularkindofaukisveryrare,only78skinsareknowntoexistandmostarenotpreservedaswellasthisone.Thegreatauk,asyoucansee,wasaratherlargebird,anditcouldn'tflyeither.However,evidencesuggeststhattheaukwasanexcellentswimmeranddiver.Unfortunately,thoseabilitiesdidnotprotectitfrombeingeasypreyforhungrysailorswhoyearsagosailedtheverycoldandoftenicywatersofGreenland,Iceland,andScotland.Infact,recordsindicatethattheaukwasrathertastyandthatitseggs.Excuseme...thatitseggsandfeatherswereusefulaswell.Still,itisn'tclearwhatotherfactorsledtothebigbird'sdemisearound1844,thelasttimeanyonereportedseeingone.Ofcourse,webelieveit'simportanttotakeextraprecautionstopreservetheremaininggreataukskins.Afterall,thesespecimensshouldproveinvaluableforfuturescientificresearch.Doesanyonehaveanyquestionsbeforewemoveontoournextbirdexhibit?
【生词摘录】
1.contemporary:
adj.当代的,同时代的
2.emu:
n.[C]鸸鹋(产于澳洲的一种体型大而不会飞的鸟)
3.ostrich:
n.[C]鸵鸟
4.specimen:
n.[C]样本;样品;实例
5.stuffed:
adj.已经喂饱了的
6.penguin:
n.[C]企鹅
7.auk:
n.[C]海雀(北极地区海鸟,体大,短翅,蹼足)
8.demise:
n.[U]死亡
9.precaution:
n.[C]预防,警惕,防范
10.invaluable:
adj.无价的,非常宝贵的,价值无法衡量的
41
BeforeItellyouabouttheinterestingdiscoveryrelatedtoTyrannosaurusrex,Ineedtoreviewsomethingwestudiedlastsemester,thedifferencebetweenwhatarecommonlycalledcold-bloodedandwarm-bloodedanimals.Inwarm-bloodedanimals,birdsandmammals,forexample,thebodytemperaturenormallystayswithinanarrowrange,nomatterwhattheoutsidetemperatureis.Asaresult,awarm-bloodedanimalisusuallyactiveinbothcoldandhotweatherbecauseitsbodytemperaturecanadjusttothetemperatureofitsenvironment.Ontheotherhand,cold-bloodedanimals,suchasmostreptiles,amphibians,andinsects,areunabletocreateenoughheatinternallytoraisetheirtemperatureabovethetemperatureoftheenvironment.So,forexample,thetemperatureofacold-bloodedanimalfallswhentheenvironmentiscool.Ihopethisdistinctionisclear.Now,movingontoTyrannosaurusrex,youmayknowthatdinosaurs,beingreptiles,aregenerallybelievedtohavebeencold-blooded.Well,arecentresearchstudyfoundthatthechemicalcompositionofthebonesofTyrannosaurusrexwasconsistentwiththebonesofananimalthathasaverynarrowrangeofinternaltemperature,indicatingthatitwasprobablywarm-blooded.
【生词摘录】
1.Tyrannosaurus:
暴龙
2.rex:
n.[C]雷克斯猫
3.cold-blooded:
adj.冷血的
4.warm-blooded:
adj.温血的
5.reptile:
n.[C]爬行动物
6.amphibian:
n.[C]水路两栖动物
7.internally:
adv.在内,内在地
8.distinction:
n.[C]区别,差异
9.dinosaur:
n.[C]恐龙
10.composition:
n.[C]合成物
11.consistent:
adj.一致的
44
Thisroomisdevotedtoelectricfish.Theeelinthetankbehindmecanproduceastrongjolt重击ofelectricitytostun打晕itsprey,butmostofthefishinhereproduceonlyweakelectricalimpulsesthatareusefulfornavigating,locatingfood,andevenforcommunicating.Theknifefishisagoodexample.Thisfishnavigates,usingtinyreceptorsintheskinthataresensitivetoelectricalimpulses.Theknifefishproducesanelectricalsignal,andthereceptorsinitsskinletitknowwhenthesignalisdistortedbyatreeroot,orsomeotherobstacle,soitcangoaroundit.Fishalsousetheabilitytoproduceanddetectelectricalimpulsestocommunicate.Theycantelleachotherwhatspeciestheybelongto,howbigtheyare,andwhetherthey'remaleorfemale.Wehaveatankherethat'sspeciallyequippedtoconverttheinaudiblesignalsthefishproduceintosoundsyoucanhearwhenyouputontheseheadphones.IurgeyoualltolisteninwhenI'mdonespeaking.Nowhavealookattheelectricrays.Raysareespeciallyinterestingtomedicalresearchersbecauseoftheorganstheyusetoproduceelectricity.Theseorganscontainachemicalthatcarriessignalsfromonenerveendingtothenext,notonlyinrays,butalsoinpeople.Bystudyingtheseorgans,scientistshopetolearnmoreaboutdiseasesthatinterruptthetransmissionofimpulsesfromonenervetoanother.
【生词摘录】
1.devote:
v.作……标点符号
2.eel:
n.[C]鳗(任一种长的蛇形的无鳞海洋或淡水鱼)
3.tank:
n.[C]桶,箱,罐,槽,池塘
4.jolt:
n.[C]重击
5.stun:
v.使晕倒,打晕
6.prey:
n.猎物
7.receptor:
n.[C]接受器,感受器
8.distort:
v.歪曲,误传
9.obstacle:
n.障碍
10.species:
n.[C]种类
11.inaudible:
adj.听不见的
12.headphone:
n.[C]听音器,耳机
13.ray:
n.[C]光线,放射线
14.nerve:
n.[C]神经
15.ending:
n.[C]末梢
16.transmission:
n.[C]传输
17.impulse:
n.[C]脉冲
50
HumanpopulationsneartheequatorhaveevolveddarkskinovermanygenerationsbecauseofexposuretothefierceraysoftheSun.Asimilarphenomenonhasalsooccurredinotherpartsoftheanimalkingdom.TheAfricangrassmouseisagoodexample.Mostmicearenocturnal,buttheAfricangrassmouseisactiveduringdaylighthours.ThismeansthatitspendsitsdayssearchingforfoodinthesemidrybushandscrubhabitatsofeasternandsouthernAfrica.Itsfurisstriped,likeachipmunk's,whichhelpsitblendinwithitsenvironment.Becauseitspendsalotoftimeintheintensetropicalsun,thegrassmousehasalsoevolvedtwoseparatesafeguardsagainsttheSun'sultravioletradiation.First,likethepopulationsofhumansinthisregionoftheworld,theskinofthegrassmousecontainslotsofmelanin,ordarkpigment.Second,andquiteunusual,thismousehasalayerofmelanin-pigmentedtissuebetweenitsskullandskin.Thisunique"cap"providesanextrameasureofprotectionforthegrassmouseandthreeothertypesofAfricanmouse-likerodentsthatareactiveduringtheday.Theonlyotherspeciesscientistshaveidentifiedwiththesamesortofskulladaptationisthewhitetent-makingbatoftheCentralAmericantropics.Althoughthesebatssleepduringtheday,theydosocurledupwiththeirheadsexposedtothesun.
【生词摘录】
1.nocturnal:
adj.夜行的,夜间活动的
2.scrub:
n.矮树,灌丛
3.fur:
n.毛皮
4.stripe:
v.划条纹
5.chipmunk:
n.[C]花栗鼠
6.tropical:
adj.热带的
7.ultraviolet:
adj.紫外线的
8.melanin:
n.[C]黑色素
9.pigment:
n.[C]色素
10.tissue:
n.[C]【生】组织
11.skull:
n.[C]头骨
8
BeforestartingourtourofMonticello,I'dliketogiveyousomehistoricalfactsthatmighthelpyouappreciatewhatyouseetodayevenmore.MonticellowastheverymuchlovedhomeofThomasJeffersonforoverfiftyyears.Jefferson,whowas,ofcourse,President,wasalsoagreatreaderandlanguageenthusiast.Hereadwidelyondifferentsubjects,includingarchitecture.Hewasn'tformallytrainedinarchitecture,butasaresultofhisstudyandobservationofotherbuildings,hewasabletohelpdesignandbuildthehouse.Hechosethesitehimself,namingtheestate"Monticello,"whichmeans"littlemountain"inItalian.Infact,manyoftheideasbehindthedesignalsocamefromtheItalianarchitectAndreaPalladio,wholivedinthesixteenthcenturyandwhohadagreatinfluenceonthearchitectureofEngland.Jefferson,however,ignoredoneofPalladio'sprinciples,thatis,nottobuildinahighplace.Monticello'selevationmadethetransportationofwhatwasneededatthehouse—forexample,food—especiallydifficult.ButtheviewfromtheestatewouldnotbeasspectacularifJeffersonhadfollowedPalladio'sadvice;therereallyisnoboundarybetweenthehouseandthenaturearoundit,andsoJeffersonwasabletolookoutonhisbelovedstateofVirginiafromhiswonderfulvantagepoint.Nowwe'llgoontoJefferson'slibrary.
【生词摘录】
1.Monticello:
蒙提切娄
2.appreciate:
v.tounderstandhowgoodorusefulsomeoneorsomethingis欣赏,赏识,鉴赏
3.enthusiast:
n.[C]someonewhoisveryinterestedinaparticularactivityorsubject热衷于…的人
4.estate:
n.[C]alargeareaoflandinthecountry,usuallywithonelargehouseonitandoneowner(在乡村附有宅地的)一大片私有土地,庄园
5.elevation:
n.[singular]aheightabovethelevelofthesea海拔
6.spectacular:
adj.veryimpressiveandexciting壮观的,精彩的,引人注目的
7.vantagepoint:
agoodpositionfromwhichyoucanseesomething(能观察某物的)有利位置
15
I'mgladyoubroughtupthequestionofourinvestigationsintothemakeupoftheEarth'sinterior.Infact,sincethisisthetopicofyourreadingassignmentfornexttime,letmespendtheselastfewminutesofclasstalkingaboutit.TherewereseveralimportantdiscoveriesintheearlypartofthiscenturythathelpedgeologistsdevelopamoreaccuratepictureoftheEarth'sinterior.Thefirstkeydiscoveryhadtodowithseismicwaves.Remembertheyarethevibrationscausedbyearthquakes.Well,scientistsfoundthattheytraveledthousandsofmilesthroughtheEarth'sinterior.ThisfindingenabledgeologiststostudytheinnerpartsoftheEarth.Yousee,thesestudiesrevealedthatthesevibrationswereoftwotypes:
compressionorPwavesandshearorSwaves.AndresearchersfoundthatPwavestravelthroughbothliquidsandsolids,whileSwavestravelonlythroughsolidmatter.In1906,aBritishgeologistdiscoveredthatPwavessloweddownatacertaindepthbutkepttravelingdeeper.Ontheotherhand,Swaveseitherdisappearedorwerereflectedback,soheconcludedthatthedepthmarkedtheboundarybetweenasolidmantleandaliquidcore.Threeyearslater,anotherboundarywasdiscovered,thatbetweenthemantleandtheEarth'scrust.There'sstillalottobelearnedabouttheEarth.Forinstance,geologistsknowthatthecoreishot.Evidenceofthisisthemoltenlavathatflowsoutofvolcanoes.Butwe'restillnotsurewhatthesourceoftheheatis.
【生词摘录】
1.makeup:
n.[singular]aparticularlyco