11句子成分语法点及练习.docx

11句子成分语法点及练习.docx

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11句子成分语法点及练习

《高中英语语法大全》第11章   句子成分

组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。

句子成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语、独立成分。

1、主语

主语是一个句子的主题。

主语的位置

①陈述句中，一般在一句之首。

Theymanagedtorescueallthepeopleintheflood.

②疑问句、倒装句中，一般在助动词、情态动词和动词之后。

Upwentthearrowintotheair.

Whydotheymoveandburnmoreoftheforest?

Notonlywillhelpbegiventopeoplewhoaredisabledtofindjobs,butalsomedicaltreatmentwillbeprovidedforpeoplewhoneedit.

③祈使句中，往往省略。

Takethismoneyandbuyyourselfsomemorebooks.（句首省略了you）

④Therebe结构中，在be之后。

AroundtheareaofAswantherearealotofimportantoldtemples,whichdatefromabout1250BC.

2、谓语

谓语在句子中说明主语的动作，主语具有的特征或所处的状态。

（1）由简单动词构成的谓语

TheystartedtouseEnglish,buttheyalsobroughtinsomewordsfromtheirownlanguages.

（2）由动词短语构成的谓语

Dr.Manetterealizedthatthesistermusthavebeenverybadlytreated.

3、表语

表语说明主语的身份、特征、类别、状态等情况，它位于连系动词之后，与之构成所谓的系表结构。

表语的位置

①通常位于连系动词之后，但下列情况下，置于连系动词之前。

为了强调表语。

InthenorthisScotland,withitscapitalEdinburgh.北面是苏格兰，首都是爱丁堡。

②由How/What引出的感叹句中

Whatacurioushotelitwas!

③某些让步状语从句中

Childastheboywas,heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.

④“the+比较级…，the+比较级…结构中”。

ThemoreyoulistentoEnglish,theeasieritbecomes.英语你听得越多，就越容易听懂。

4、宾语

宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语。

宾语表示法

①名词用作宾语。

Bobaskedalltheairlinestoflythepopstarsforfree.

②代词用作宾语。

Itpickeditupinitsmouthandcarrieditintothebushes.

③数词用作宾语。

Canadacoverssixoftheworld''s24timeareas.

④名词化的形容词用作宾语。

She''salwayshelpingthepoorerthanherself.

⑤副词用作宾语。

Sincethenthenumberofmiludeertherehasgreatlyincreased.

⑥不定式用作宾语

Ijustdidn''twishtoputyoutothetroubleofchangingalargenote.

⑦动名词作宾语或名词化分词（主要是过去分词）作宾语

Whenshehadfinishedlisteningtothenews,Mrs.Cousinsturnedofftheradio.

⑧句子用作宾语

Isuggestthatyouchoosesomeonewhoyouthinkiskindandfriendly.

直接宾语和间接宾语

可具有这种双宾语的及物动词有：

bring,fetch,give,hand,leave,lend,offer,pass,pay,promise,read,refuse,show,sing,teach,tell,write,buy,find,get,make,envy,return,sell等。

Idon''tenvyyouyourjob.

5、补足语

补足语是一种补足主语和宾语的意义的句子成分。

用作补足语的有名词、形容词、副词、不定式（短语）、分词（短语）、介词短语等。

Hepersuadedotherpeopletoprovidemoneyortogivehelp.

Ithinkyou''llfindthesematerialsmuchbetterandmuchmoresuitable.

Thelioncouldstillbeseeninthebusheseatingthemeat.

Thissongisthoughttobemostpopular.

6、定语

定语用来修饰名词或代词，说明人或物的状态、品质、数量等。

定语表示法

Itwastheearliestresearchcentreforagriculture.（形容词用作定语）

Theyhadbroughtapicniclunchwithhim.（名词用作定语）

I''mlookingforanotherspeakerwhocouldgiveatalk.（代词用作定语）

In1911,shereceivedasecondNobelPrizeforherresearch,becomingthefirstpersonintheworldtoreceivetwoNobelprizes.（数词用作定语）

Thewayoutliesinthedevelopmentofeducation.（副词用作定语）

Thereareplentyofinterestingplacestovisit.（不定式用作定语）

Everybodywasathisfightingpost.（动名词用作定语）

Bytheendoftheyear,thetotalmoneycollectedhadcometoover92milliondollars,allofwhichweresenttoAfrica.（分词用作定语）

Iknowawomanwhosethreesonsareallsoldiers.（句子用作定语）

7.状语

状语是指描述被描述对象的状态，包括时间状语，地点状语，方式状语，伴随状语，让步状语等。

状语表示法

1.副词，如carefully，例句:

hedidhishouseworkcarefully

2.介词短语,如intheclassroom，例句hedidhishomeworkcarefullyintheclassroom

3.非谓语短语，如seenfromthetopofthemountain，或者whenfacingdifficulties，例句Seenfromthetopofthemountain，thehousesbeneathareverysmall

 Whenfacingdifficulties,weshouldkeepcalm

4.从句，如时间状语从句，地点状语从句，让步状语从句，原因状语从句等

例句Hewillcomebacknextweekwhentheopeningceremonybegins.

 Hewillcometotheschoolwherehespenthischildhood.

 Althoughhefailedintheexam,henevergaveuphisgoals.

 Hefailedinhisexambecausehegivesuphisgoalshalfway.

 练习一

一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：

1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.

2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.

3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.

4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!

5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.

6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.

7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.

8.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.

9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.

10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.

11.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.

12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.

13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.

14.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?

15.Tobehonest;yourpronunciationisnotsogood.

16.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?

17.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.

18.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.

19.Henoticedamanentertheroom.

20.Theapplestastedsweet.

二、用符号划出下列短文各句中的主语（—）、谓语（＝）、宾语（～）：

Ihopeyouareverywell.I'mfine,buttired.RightnowitisthesummervacationandI'mhelpingmyDadonthefarm.Augustisthehottestmonthhere.Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsofourtractors.WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrowwheat.Wehavealotofmachinesonthefarm.Althoughthefarmislarge,myDadhasonlytwomenworkingforhim.Butheemploysmoremenfortheharvest.Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden.Itdoesn'toftenraininthesummerhere.Asaresult,wehavetowaterthevegetablegarden.Everyeveningwepumpwaterfromawell.Itthenrunsalongchannelstodifferentpartsofthegarden.

三、用符号划出下列短文各句中的定语（—）、状语（＝）、补语（～）：

MostSaturdayeveningsthereisaparty,evenatharvesttime.Thesepartiesoftenmakeusveryhappy.Wecookmeatonanopenfireoutside.It'sgreat!

Americanseatalotofmeat—toomuchinmyopinion.Someofmyfriendsdrinkbeer.Idon't,becauseIhavetodrivehomeaftertheparty.InyourletteryouaskedaboutthetimeindifferentareasoftheStates.TherearefivedifferenttimeareasintheStates.InmystatewearefourteenhoursbehindBeijingtime.HowmanydifferenttimeareasdoyouhaveinChina?

Well,Imuststopandgetsomesleep.Pleasegivemybestregardstoyourparents.

四、选择填空：

（）1.____willleaveforBeijing.

A.NowtherethemanB.Themanherenow

C.ThemanwhoisherenowD.Themanisherenow

（）2.Theweather____.

A.wetandcoldB.iswetandcoldC.notwetandcoldD.werewetandcold

（）3.Theappletasted____.

A.sweetsB.sweetlyC.nicelyD.sweet

（）4.Hegotup____yesterdaymorning.

A.latelyB.lateC.latestD.latter

（）5.Theactor______attheageof70.

A.deadB.diedC.dyedD.deaded

（）6.____wereallverytired,butnoneof____wouldstoptotakearest.

A.We,usB.Us,weC.We,ourD.We,we

（）7.Hefoundthestreetmuch______.

A.crowdB.crowdingC.crowdedD.crowdedly

（）8.Ithink_____necessarytolearnEnglishwell.

A.itsB.itC.thatD.thatis

（）9.Thedog____mad.

A.looksB.islookedC.isbeinglookedD.waslooked

（）10.Iwillneverforgettheday______Ijoinedthearmy.

A.thatB.whenC.inwhichD.where

练习二

一、判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：

1.WeoftenstudyChinesehistoryonFridayafternoon.

2.TheboywhoofferedmehisseatiscalledTom.

3.Thereisachairinthisroom,isn’tthere?

4.MybrotherandIgotoschoolathalfpastseveninthemorningandcomebackhomeatsevenintheevening.

5.HeisinClassOneandIaminClassTwo.

6.Hewasfondofdrawingwhenhewasyetachild.

7.Neitherhashechangedhismind,norwillhedoso.

8.Whathesaidatthemeetingisveryimportant,isn’tit?

9.Thefarmerisshowingtheboyhowtoplantatree.

10.BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic.

二、判断下列短文中各句是简单句、并列句还是复合句：

Ihopeyouareverywell（）.I'mfine,buttired（）.RightnowitisthesummervacationandI'mhelpingmyDadonthefarm（）.Augustisthehottestmonthhere（）.Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.（）Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsofourtractors（）.WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrowwheat（）.Wehavealotofmachinesonthefarm（）.Althoughthefarmislarge,myDadhasonlytwomenworkingforhim（）.Butheemploysmoremenfortheharvest（）.Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden（）.Itdoesn'toftenraininthesummerhere（）.Asaresult,wehavetowaterthevegetablegarden（）.Everyeveningwepumpwaterfromawell（）.Itthenrunsalongchannelstodifferentpartsofthegarden（）.

MostSaturdayeveningsthereisaparty,evenatharvesttime（）.Thesepartiesoftenmakeusveryhappy（）.Wecookmeatonanopenfireoutside（）.It'sgreat（）!

Americanseatalotofmeat—toomuchinmyopinion（）.Someofmyfriendsdrinkbeer（）.Idon't,becauseIhavetodrivehomeaftertheparty（）.InyourletteryouaskedaboutthetimeindifferentareasoftheStates（）.TherearefivedifferenttimeareasintheStates（）.InmystatewearefourteenhoursbehindBeijingtime（）.HowmanydifferenttimeareasdoyouhaveinChina（）?

Well,Imuststopandgetsomesleep（）.Pleasegivemybestregardstoyourparents（）.

练习二

三、选择填空：

1.Givemeonemoreminute____I’llbeabletofinishit.

A.andB.orC.ifD.so

2.It’sthethirdtimethatJohnhasbeenlate,____?

A.hasn’theB.isn’theC.isn’titD.hasn’tit

3.____joyfulhewastomeethisbrotheragain!

A.HowB.WhatC.WhataD.Whatan

4.Letuspass,____?

A.shan’tweB.shallweC.won’tweD.willyou

5.Isupposehe’sserious,____?

A.doIB.don’tIC.isheD.isn’the

6.Youhadbetternotsmokehere,____?

A.willyouB.hadyouC.shallyouD.haveyou

7.Trainashardasyoucan____you’llwintheswimmingcompetition.

A.thenB.butC.andD.or

8.I’msorrytohavetosaythis,____youforgotto