Unit 4 Friends and Friendship.docx

Unit 4 Friends and Friendship.docx

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Unit4FriendsandFriendship

Unit4FriendsandFriendship

.TeachingAims:

1.Improvethestudents’abilitiesofcommunicationandmakingcomments;

2.Learninghowtogiveadefinitiontofriendship;

3.Invitestudentstotalkabouttheirideasaboutfriendshipandthesignificanceoffriendshiptothem;

4.Leadthestudentstounderstandwhatthefriendshipmeans;

5.Introducesomegreatfriendshipstostudents,suchas钟子期and俞伯牙．

.TeachingMethods:

1.Usingmulti-mediateachingequipment

2.Group-Discussion

.TimeArrangement:

1.1stperiod:

Preparation

2.2-3rdperiods:

Detaileddiscussionofthetext

3.4thperiod:

Post-reading

4.5-6thperiods:

Dictation&after-classreading

5.7-8thperiods:

Furtherdevelopment&writing

.MainFocus&DifficultPoints:

1.Words：

chess,intellect,intensify,midst,mutual,philosophy,viewpoint,temperament,accent,couch,anyway,differ,memorial,partner,asset,betray,component,cultivate,discourage,divorce,enrich,outlet,sole,terminate,window,convenience

2.Phrases：

comeintobeing/drawout/drawupon/leaveoff/strikeup

3.Grammar:

1）.notsomuch…as

2）.定语从句中关系词与先行词的分离

3）.as+副词性短语

4）.morethan

5）.withoutdoing

6）.关系代词that与which

7）.比较从句中的省略

8）.连词nor

.Overviewofthisunit:

1.Informationrelatedtothetopic:

2.Introducethegeneralideasofthearticletothestudents

3.Languagepointsandexpressioninthetext

4.Questionsfordiscussion

5.Letterstopenfriends

.Preparation

1）.Abriefintroductiontothetheme:

Friendshipisoneofthebasicbondsbetweenhumanbeings.Whilethecharacteristicsoffriendshipmightvaryfromonecountrytoanother,peoplefromallculturesnotonlyenjoyfriendsbutneedthem.

“Nomanisanisland.”Inotherwords,weareallpartofsociety.Weallneedthelove,admiration,respectandmoralsupportofotherpeople.Ifwearefortunate,ourfriendswillprovideuswithallofthesenecessaryaspectsoflife.

Asmostpeopleobserve,therearemanylevelsoffriendship.Thedegreeorintensityoffriendshipvariesdependingonthepersonalityoftheindividualsinvolvedandthecontextoftherelationships.Extrovertsenjoybeingsurroundedbymanypeoplewhereasintrovertsareperhapscontentwithfewerbutmoreintensefriendships.

Everyoneisnotequallyopenwithallhisfriends.Thedegreeofintimacyisdeterminedbymanyfactors.Closefriendscanbeformedatanystageinone’slifebuttheyareusuallyveryrare.Notverymanypeoplehavemorethanafewreallyclosefriends.Irrespectiveofthelevelofintimacy,allfriendshipsarebasedonreciprocity,honestyandacertainamountofloveandaffection.

Friendsprovideasourceofstimulation,pleasure,laughterandsecurity.Knowingthattherearepeopleintheworld,otherthanourfamily,whocareaboutusandwhoenjoyourcompanyisbothcomfortingandreassuring.Knowingthatwehavefriendsthatwecanhelpintimeofneedisalsoapositivefeeling.Truefriendshipcomesfromthepleasureofbothgivingandreceiving.

2）.Importantqualitiesforafriend

Usefulwords:

Adventurous,dependent,intelligent,serious,affectionate,easygoing,kind,sociableaggressive,fun-loving,respectable,good-looking,studious,athletic,honest,sensitive,thoughtful,warmhearted,humorous

3）.MakingyourJudgment

1）WhatwouldYamadadoifnooneelseknowsaboutthissituation?

2）WhatwouldYamadadoifthepresidentofthecompanysuspectshimoftakingthemoney?

3）HowwouldCathyreacttoYamada’saction?

4）.Whatwouldyoudoif…?

1）…yourfriendaskedyouifheorshecouldcopyfromyouduringatest?

2）…youfoundoutthatacoworkerwasstealingmoneyfromthecompany?

Thecoworkerisagoodfriendofyours.

.In-ClassReading:

OnFriendship

1.AnAbstractoftheText

Surelyineverycountrypeoplevaluefriendship.Thedifficultywhenstrangersfromtwocountriesmeetisnotalackofappreciationoffriendship,butdifferentexpectationsaboutwhatconstitutesfriendshipandhowitcomesintobeing.Thereistherecognitionthatfriendshipimpliesfreedomofchoice.Afriendissomeonewhochoosesandischosen.Andbetweenfriendsthereisakindofqualityofgive-and-take.Thesesimilaritiesmakethebridgebetweensocietiespossible.

Peoplefromdifferentcountrieshavedifferentexpectationsaboutwhatconstitutesfriendshipandhowitcomesintobeing.InAmerica,“friend”canappliedtoawiderangeofrelationships,butinEurope,thingsaredifferent.Thebasisissharedactivity.Soindifferentnations,therearedifferentfriendships.

2.Languagepoints:

1.Thedifficultywhenstrangersfromtwocountriesmeetisnotalackofappreciationoffriendship,butdifferentexpectationsaboutwhatconstitutesfriendshipandhowitcomesintobeing.（L6）

Paraphrase:

whenstrangersarefromtwocountries,thedifficultytheymeetisnotthattheycan’tfullyunderstandfriendship,butthattheyhavedifferentexpectationsaboutwhatmakesupfriendshipandhowfriendshipcomestoexist.

a）介词about带有两个宾语从句，分别由what和how引导。

b）.constitute

1）.combinetoformsomething;makeup组成，构成，形成

e.g.1）.AlaskaisthelargestofthefiftystatesthatconstitutetheUSA.

2）.Abaseballteamisconstitutedofnineplayers.棒球队由九个队员组成。

2）.beconsideredtobesomething相当于，等于

e.g.Theriseincrimeconstitutesathreattosociety.

3）.（usuallypassive）officiallyformagroupororganization建立，成立

e.gThefederationwasconstitutedin1949.

c.f.constitute,comprise,compose,makeup,consist

When“constitute”means“bethecomponentsofsomething”,itcanbeusedinterchangeablywith“compose”and“makeup”.

e.g.1）Womenconstitute/compose/makeupabout10%ofParliament.

2）Morethan17.6millionfirmsconstitute/compose/makeupthebusinesssectorofoureconomy.

But“consistof”,“bemadeupof”,“becomposedof”and“becomprisedof”allmean“（somethingbig）result（s）fromaseriesofsmallparts”（由……组成）

e.g.1）Dinnerconsistedofastarter,amaincourseandadessert.

2）Thefamilyismadeupofsixpeople.

3）Thestreetismainlycomposedofdetachedhouses.

4）Thehouseiscomprisedoftwobedrooms,akitchen,andalivingroom.

Note:

“consistof”hasnopassivevoice

c）.comeintobeing=begintoexist

e.g.Theorganizationcameintobeingin1945.

Thenewlawscomeintobeing（=starttotakeeffect）inSeptember.

Thatideacameintobeingafewcenturiesago.

Wedon'tknowwhenthisworldcameintobeing.我们不知道这个世界是何时存在的。

翻译短语：

comeintofashion/existence/force/consideration

开始流行/存在/实行/考虑

comeintoblossom/bud/flower/leaf

开始开花/花蕾/开花/长叶

comeintoeffect生效

comeintosight出现

comeintocontactwithsomebody/sth.与某人会面，与某事物接触

comeintooperation开始操作

comeintopower取得政权

2.particularizev.

particularadj.

e.g.1）.Ihavenothingparticulartodotoday.

2）.Irememberhisparticularwayofsmiling.

3）.Sheisparticularaboutherclothes.

inparticular/beparticularto/beparticularabout

Thereisnothingof___importantintoday’snewspaper.

A）particularB）partialC）peculiarD）specific

3.confidant（L14）n.atrustedpersontowhomonespeaksaboutone’sprivateaffairsandsecrets.

confidentadj.showingorfeelingtrustinoneselforone’sability.

aconfidentsmile,speechormanner

feelconfidentof/doingsth/thatclause.

confidencen.

a.~insborsth:

firmtrust（insborsb’sability,orinwhatissaid,reported,etc.）

lose/haveconfidenceinsb

b.feelingofcertainty;trustinone’sownability.

e.g.Youaretooshy,youshouldhavemoreconfidenceinyourself.

confidev.a.confidesthtosb.:

tellasecrettosb

4.admit（L21）

1）allowsomeonetoenterintosomeplace

e.g.Theywouldnotadmitusattheoperabecausewearrivedlate.因为我们迟到了，他们不让我们进剧院。

2）allowsomeonetobecomeamemberofaclubororganization

e.g.Theclubwassuedforrefusingtoadmitminorities.

这个俱乐部因为拒绝招收少数民族而被控告。

3）statethatsomethingistrue

e.g.比尔被迫承认他考试作弊。

Billwasforcedtoadmitthathehadcheatedonthetest.

5.Thereisalsothekindofrelationshipwithinagroup---menandwomenwhohaveworkedtogetherforalongtime,whomaybeveryclose,sharinggreatloyaltyandwarmthoffeeling.（L23-25）

Paraphrase:

Thereisalsothekindofrelationshipwithinagroupofmenandwomenwhohaveworkedtogetherforalongtime,beingveryclose,trustingandcaringabouteachother.

译文：

然而，还有一种存在于团体内部的关系----男女成员长期公事，有可能会关系密切，相互信任，相互关心。

解析：

menandwomen是group的同位语，后面有两个并列的who引导的定语从句。

6.insomeone’seyes（L25）=insomeone’seyes

e.g.AlthoughI’mforty,inmyparents’eyes/intheeyesofmyparents,I’mstillayoungperson.

7.drawout（L31）:

demandorelicitthefullexpressionof使……充分发挥

e.g.Thenewmissiondrewouthistalents.

drawsb.out（aboutsth.）=encouragesb.totalk

e.g.1）.He’sveryshyandneedstobedrawnout.

2）.Idrewtheoldmanoutabouthiswarexperiences.

drawsth.out=make（anevent）longerthanusual

e.g.1）.Shedrewtheinterviewouttooveranhour.

2）.along-drawn-outdiscussion

8.drawon/upon（L34）=dependonasabase利用，靠，凭

usesth.使用，利用，

e.g.1）.Wedrewonherexperiencethroughouttheproject.

2）.Ishallhavetodrawonmysavings.

9.Yourpoliticalphilosophyassumesmoredepth,appreciationofaplaybecomessharper,tasteinfoodorwineisaccentuated,enjoymentofasportisintensified.（L34-36）

1）assume:

呈现，表现。

e.g.Inhisdreams,themountainsassumedenormousimportance.

在他的梦里，这些山峰起了重要的作用。

2）accentuate:

emphasize,intensify

e.g.Herwhitedressaccentuatedhersunburn.

她的白色衣服更显出她黝黑的肤色。

3）intensify:

becomemoreintense

e.g.Heintensifiedhisefforts.

他加紧努力。

10.incontrastwith（L46）

contrast

v.=compare