Unit 4 Friends and Friendship.docx
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Unit4FriendsandFriendship
Unit4FriendsandFriendship
.TeachingAims:
1.Improvethestudents’abilitiesofcommunicationandmakingcomments;
2.Learninghowtogiveadefinitiontofriendship;
3.Invitestudentstotalkabouttheirideasaboutfriendshipandthesignificanceoffriendshiptothem;
4.Leadthestudentstounderstandwhatthefriendshipmeans;
5.Introducesomegreatfriendshipstostudents,suchas钟子期and俞伯牙.
.TeachingMethods:
1.Usingmulti-mediateachingequipment
2.Group-Discussion
.TimeArrangement:
1.1stperiod:
Preparation
2.2-3rdperiods:
Detaileddiscussionofthetext
3.4thperiod:
Post-reading
4.5-6thperiods:
Dictation&after-classreading
5.7-8thperiods:
Furtherdevelopment&writing
.MainFocus&DifficultPoints:
1.Words:
chess,intellect,intensify,midst,mutual,philosophy,viewpoint,temperament,accent,couch,anyway,differ,memorial,partner,asset,betray,component,cultivate,discourage,divorce,enrich,outlet,sole,terminate,window,convenience
2.Phrases:
comeintobeing/drawout/drawupon/leaveoff/strikeup
3.Grammar:
1).notsomuch…as
2).定语从句中关系词与先行词的分离
3).as+副词性短语
4).morethan
5).withoutdoing
6).关系代词that与which
7).比较从句中的省略
8).连词nor
.Overviewofthisunit:
1.Informationrelatedtothetopic:
2.Introducethegeneralideasofthearticletothestudents
3.Languagepointsandexpressioninthetext
4.Questionsfordiscussion
5.Letterstopenfriends
.Preparation
1).Abriefintroductiontothetheme:
Friendshipisoneofthebasicbondsbetweenhumanbeings.Whilethecharacteristicsoffriendshipmightvaryfromonecountrytoanother,peoplefromallculturesnotonlyenjoyfriendsbutneedthem.
“Nomanisanisland.”Inotherwords,weareallpartofsociety.Weallneedthelove,admiration,respectandmoralsupportofotherpeople.Ifwearefortunate,ourfriendswillprovideuswithallofthesenecessaryaspectsoflife.
Asmostpeopleobserve,therearemanylevelsoffriendship.Thedegreeorintensityoffriendshipvariesdependingonthepersonalityoftheindividualsinvolvedandthecontextoftherelationships.Extrovertsenjoybeingsurroundedbymanypeoplewhereasintrovertsareperhapscontentwithfewerbutmoreintensefriendships.
Everyoneisnotequallyopenwithallhisfriends.Thedegreeofintimacyisdeterminedbymanyfactors.Closefriendscanbeformedatanystageinone’slifebuttheyareusuallyveryrare.Notverymanypeoplehavemorethanafewreallyclosefriends.Irrespectiveofthelevelofintimacy,allfriendshipsarebasedonreciprocity,honestyandacertainamountofloveandaffection.
Friendsprovideasourceofstimulation,pleasure,laughterandsecurity.Knowingthattherearepeopleintheworld,otherthanourfamily,whocareaboutusandwhoenjoyourcompanyisbothcomfortingandreassuring.Knowingthatwehavefriendsthatwecanhelpintimeofneedisalsoapositivefeeling.Truefriendshipcomesfromthepleasureofbothgivingandreceiving.
2).Importantqualitiesforafriend
Usefulwords:
Adventurous,dependent,intelligent,serious,affectionate,easygoing,kind,sociableaggressive,fun-loving,respectable,good-looking,studious,athletic,honest,sensitive,thoughtful,warmhearted,humorous
3).MakingyourJudgment
1)WhatwouldYamadadoifnooneelseknowsaboutthissituation?
2)WhatwouldYamadadoifthepresidentofthecompanysuspectshimoftakingthemoney?
3)HowwouldCathyreacttoYamada’saction?
4).Whatwouldyoudoif…?
1)…yourfriendaskedyouifheorshecouldcopyfromyouduringatest?
2)…youfoundoutthatacoworkerwasstealingmoneyfromthecompany?
Thecoworkerisagoodfriendofyours.
.In-ClassReading:
OnFriendship
1.AnAbstractoftheText
Surelyineverycountrypeoplevaluefriendship.Thedifficultywhenstrangersfromtwocountriesmeetisnotalackofappreciationoffriendship,butdifferentexpectationsaboutwhatconstitutesfriendshipandhowitcomesintobeing.Thereistherecognitionthatfriendshipimpliesfreedomofchoice.Afriendissomeonewhochoosesandischosen.Andbetweenfriendsthereisakindofqualityofgive-and-take.Thesesimilaritiesmakethebridgebetweensocietiespossible.
Peoplefromdifferentcountrieshavedifferentexpectationsaboutwhatconstitutesfriendshipandhowitcomesintobeing.InAmerica,“friend”canappliedtoawiderangeofrelationships,butinEurope,thingsaredifferent.Thebasisissharedactivity.Soindifferentnations,therearedifferentfriendships.
2.Languagepoints:
1.Thedifficultywhenstrangersfromtwocountriesmeetisnotalackofappreciationoffriendship,butdifferentexpectationsaboutwhatconstitutesfriendshipandhowitcomesintobeing.(L6)
Paraphrase:
whenstrangersarefromtwocountries,thedifficultytheymeetisnotthattheycan’tfullyunderstandfriendship,butthattheyhavedifferentexpectationsaboutwhatmakesupfriendshipandhowfriendshipcomestoexist.
a)介词about带有两个宾语从句,分别由what和how引导。
b).constitute
1).combinetoformsomething;makeup组成,构成,形成
e.g.1).AlaskaisthelargestofthefiftystatesthatconstitutetheUSA.
2).Abaseballteamisconstitutedofnineplayers.棒球队由九个队员组成。
2).beconsideredtobesomething相当于,等于
e.g.Theriseincrimeconstitutesathreattosociety.
3).(usuallypassive)officiallyformagroupororganization建立,成立
e.gThefederationwasconstitutedin1949.
c.f.constitute,comprise,compose,makeup,consist
When“constitute”means“bethecomponentsofsomething”,itcanbeusedinterchangeablywith“compose”and“makeup”.
e.g.1)Womenconstitute/compose/makeupabout10%ofParliament.
2)Morethan17.6millionfirmsconstitute/compose/makeupthebusinesssectorofoureconomy.
But“consistof”,“bemadeupof”,“becomposedof”and“becomprisedof”allmean“(somethingbig)result(s)fromaseriesofsmallparts”(由……组成)
e.g.1)Dinnerconsistedofastarter,amaincourseandadessert.
2)Thefamilyismadeupofsixpeople.
3)Thestreetismainlycomposedofdetachedhouses.
4)Thehouseiscomprisedoftwobedrooms,akitchen,andalivingroom.
Note:
“consistof”hasnopassivevoice
c).comeintobeing=begintoexist
e.g.Theorganizationcameintobeingin1945.
Thenewlawscomeintobeing(=starttotakeeffect)inSeptember.
Thatideacameintobeingafewcenturiesago.
Wedon'tknowwhenthisworldcameintobeing.我们不知道这个世界是何时存在的。
翻译短语:
comeintofashion/existence/force/consideration
开始流行/存在/实行/考虑
comeintoblossom/bud/flower/leaf
开始开花/花蕾/开花/长叶
comeintoeffect生效
comeintosight出现
comeintocontactwithsomebody/sth.与某人会面,与某事物接触
comeintooperation开始操作
comeintopower取得政权
2.particularizev.
particularadj.
e.g.1).Ihavenothingparticulartodotoday.
2).Irememberhisparticularwayofsmiling.
3).Sheisparticularaboutherclothes.
inparticular/beparticularto/beparticularabout
Thereisnothingof___importantintoday’snewspaper.
A)particularB)partialC)peculiarD)specific
3.confidant(L14)n.atrustedpersontowhomonespeaksaboutone’sprivateaffairsandsecrets.
confidentadj.showingorfeelingtrustinoneselforone’sability.
aconfidentsmile,speechormanner
feelconfidentof/doingsth/thatclause.
confidencen.
a.~insborsth:
firmtrust(insborsb’sability,orinwhatissaid,reported,etc.)
lose/haveconfidenceinsb
b.feelingofcertainty;trustinone’sownability.
e.g.Youaretooshy,youshouldhavemoreconfidenceinyourself.
confidev.a.confidesthtosb.:
tellasecrettosb
4.admit(L21)
1)allowsomeonetoenterintosomeplace
e.g.Theywouldnotadmitusattheoperabecausewearrivedlate.因为我们迟到了,他们不让我们进剧院。
2)allowsomeonetobecomeamemberofaclubororganization
e.g.Theclubwassuedforrefusingtoadmitminorities.
这个俱乐部因为拒绝招收少数民族而被控告。
3)statethatsomethingistrue
e.g.比尔被迫承认他考试作弊。
Billwasforcedtoadmitthathehadcheatedonthetest.
5.Thereisalsothekindofrelationshipwithinagroup---menandwomenwhohaveworkedtogetherforalongtime,whomaybeveryclose,sharinggreatloyaltyandwarmthoffeeling.(L23-25)
Paraphrase:
Thereisalsothekindofrelationshipwithinagroupofmenandwomenwhohaveworkedtogetherforalongtime,beingveryclose,trustingandcaringabouteachother.
译文:
然而,还有一种存在于团体内部的关系----男女成员长期公事,有可能会关系密切,相互信任,相互关心。
解析:
menandwomen是group的同位语,后面有两个并列的who引导的定语从句。
6.insomeone’seyes(L25)=insomeone’seyes
e.g.AlthoughI’mforty,inmyparents’eyes/intheeyesofmyparents,I’mstillayoungperson.
7.drawout(L31):
demandorelicitthefullexpressionof使……充分发挥
e.g.Thenewmissiondrewouthistalents.
drawsb.out(aboutsth.)=encouragesb.totalk
e.g.1).He’sveryshyandneedstobedrawnout.
2).Idrewtheoldmanoutabouthiswarexperiences.
drawsth.out=make(anevent)longerthanusual
e.g.1).Shedrewtheinterviewouttooveranhour.
2).along-drawn-outdiscussion
8.drawon/upon(L34)=dependonasabase利用,靠,凭
usesth.使用,利用,
e.g.1).Wedrewonherexperiencethroughouttheproject.
2).Ishallhavetodrawonmysavings.
9.Yourpoliticalphilosophyassumesmoredepth,appreciationofaplaybecomessharper,tasteinfoodorwineisaccentuated,enjoymentofasportisintensified.(L34-36)
1)assume:
呈现,表现。
e.g.Inhisdreams,themountainsassumedenormousimportance.
在他的梦里,这些山峰起了重要的作用。
2)accentuate:
emphasize,intensify
e.g.Herwhitedressaccentuatedhersunburn.
她的白色衣服更显出她黝黑的肤色。
3)intensify:
becomemoreintense
e.g.Heintensifiedhisefforts.
他加紧努力。
10.incontrastwith(L46)
contrast
v.=compare