最新八年级上册英语语法讲解与练习.docx
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最新八年级上册英语语法讲解与练习
八年级上册英语语法讲解与练习
词语辨析:
1.anywhere与somewhere两者都是不定副词.
anywhere在任何地方,常用于否定句和疑问句中.Ican’tfinditanywhere.
somewhere在某处,到某处,常用于肯定句.Ilostmykeysomewherenearhere.
2.seem+形容词看起来…..Youseemhappytoday.
seem+todosth.似乎、好像做某事Iseemtohaveacold
Iseems/seemed+从句看起来好像…;似乎….Itseemsthatnoonebelieveyou.
seemlike….好像,似乎…..Itseemslikeagodidea.
3.decidetodosth.决定做某事Theydecidetovisitthemuseum.
decide+疑问词+动词不定式Hecannotdecidewhentoleave.
4.startdoingsth=starttodosth.开始,可与begin互换.Hestarteddoinghishomework.
但以下几种情况不能用begin.
1)创办,开办:
Hestartedanewbllkshoplastmonth.
2)机器开动:
Ican’tstartmycar.
3)出发,动身:
Iwillstarttomorrowmorning.
5.over介词,多于,超过,在…以上(表示数目、程度)=morethan
Myfatherisover40yearsold.
在…之上,与物体垂直且不接触,与under相反.Thereisamapovertheblackboard.
超过:
Ihearthenewsovertheradio.
遍及:
Iwanttotravelallovertheworld.
6.toomany太多,后接可数名词复数:
Motherboughttoomanyeggsyesterday.
toomuch太多,修饰不可数名词,修饰动词作状语.
Wehavetoomuchworktodo.Don’ttalktoomuch.
muchtoo太,修饰形容词或副词.
Thehatismuchtoobigforme.You’rewalkingmuchtoofast.
分辨三者的口诀:
toomuch,muchtoo,用法区别看后头:
much后接不可数,too后修饰形或副.
toomany要记住,后面名词必复数.
7.becauseof介词短语,因为,由于,后接名词、代词或动名词,不能接句子.
Hecan’ttakeawalkbecauseoftherain.
because连词,因为,引导状语从句,表示直接明确的原因或理由.
Idon’tbuytheshirtbecauseitwastooexpensive.
Unit2Howoftendoyouexercise?
词语辨析:
1.howoften多久一次,用来提问动作发生的频率.回答用:
once,twice,threetimes等词语.
Howoftendoyouplaysports?
Threetimesaweek.
howlong多长,用来询问多长时间,也可询问某物有多长.
HowlongdoesittaketogettoShanghaifromhere?
Howlongistheruler?
howfor多远,用来询问距离,指路程的远近.Howfarisitfromheretothepark?
It’sabout2kilometers.
2.free空闲的,有空的,反义词为busy.befree有空,闲着,相当于havetime.
I’llbefreenextweek.=I’llhavetimenextweek.
还可作“免费的、自由的”解.befreetodosth.自由地做某事.
Theticketsarefree.You’refreetogoortostay.
3.e?
怎么会?
怎么回事?
表示某件事情很奇怪,有点想不通;可单独使用,也可引导一个问句,相当于疑问句why,但开头的特殊疑问句使用的仍然是陈述语序.
n’n’
4.stayuplate指“熬夜到很晚,迟睡”.Don’tstayuplatenexttime.
stayup指“熬夜,不睡觉”.Hestayedupallnighttowritehisstory.
5.gotobed强调“上床睡觉”的动作及过程,但人不一定睡着.
Iwenttobedatelevenlastnight.
gotosleep强调“入睡,睡着,进入梦乡”.
Shewassotiredthatshewenttosleepsoon.
6.find+宾语+名词,发现:
Wehavefoundhim(tobe)agoodboy.
find+宾语+形容词,发现:
Hefoundtheroomdirty.
find+宾语+现在分词,发现:
Ifoundherstandingatthedoor.
7.percent百分数,基数词+percent:
percent没有复数形式,作主语时,根据所修饰的名词来判断谓语的单复数.Fortypercentofthestudentsinourclassaregirls.Thirtypercentoftimepassed.
8.morethan超过,多于,不仅仅,相当于over.在句型转换中考查两者的同义替换.反义词组为:
lessthan.
IlivedinShanghaiformorethan/overtenyears.
9.afraid形容词,担心的,害怕的,在句中作表语,不用在名词前作定语.
I’mafraidwecan’
beafraidofsb/sth害怕某人/某事;beafraidofdoingsth.害怕做某事.
Somechildrenareafraidofthedark.Don’tbeafraidofaskingquestion.
I’mafraid+从句(恐怕,担心):
I’mafraidIhavetogonow.
10.sometimes,sometime,sometimes,sometime的区别:
sometimes频度副词,有时.表示动作发生的不经常性,多与一般现在时连用,可位于句首、句中或句末.
SometimesIgetupveryearly.------Howoftendoyougetup?
sometime副词,某个时候.表示不确切或不具体的时间,常用于过去时或将来时,对它用疑问词when.
IwillgotoShanghaisometimenextweek.------WhenwillyougotoShanghainextweek?
sometimes名词词组,几次,几倍.其中time是可数名词,对它提问用howmanytimes.
Ihavereadthestorysometimes.-------Howmanytimeshaveyoureadthestory?
sometime名词短语,一段时间.表示“一段时间”时,句中谓语动词常为延续性动词,提问时用Howlong.
I‘llstayhereforsometime.-----Howlongwillyoustayhere?
Unit3I’mmoreoutgoingthanmysister
词语辨析:
laughv.&n.笑
Wealllaughedloudlywhenshemadeajoke.她说了个笑话,我们都大声笑起来.
Wealllaughedathisjoke.听了他的笑话我们都笑起来.
Helaughsbestwholaughslast.谁笑在最后,谁笑得最好./不要高兴得太早.
(与at连用)嘲笑
Don’tlaughathim.别嘲笑他.
Peoplehaveoftenlaughedatstoriestoldbyseamen.人们常常嘲笑海员所讲的故事.
Everyonelaughedathisfoolishantics.大家都笑他那种愚蠢的滑稽动作.
笑;笑声Wehadagoodlaughathisjoke.我们被他的笑话逗得哈哈大笑.
thoughconj.虽然;纵然;即使;尽管=although
Thoughitwasraining,hewentthere.虽然当时正下着雨,他还是到那里去了.
Thoughhewaspoorhewashappy.虽然他很穷却很快乐.
注意:
不能受汉语的影响,在though引导的从句后使用but.如:
Thoughhewaspoor,buthewashappy.(误)
thoughadv..不过,可是,然而,常用于句末,用逗号隔开.
n’t,though.
语法讲解:
形容词与副词的比较级
大多数形容词(性质形容词)和副词有比较级和最高级的变化,即原级、比较级和最高级,用来表示事物的等级差别.原级即形容词的原形,比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种.
1.规则变化
单音节词和少数双音节词,加词尾-er,-est来构成比较级和最高级.
构成法
原级
比较级
最高级
一般单音节词末尾加-er,-est
tall(高的)
great(巨大的)
taller
greater
tallest
greatest
以不发音的e结尾的单音节词和少数以-le结尾的双音节
词只加-r,-st
nice(好的)
large(大的)
nicer
larger
nicest
largest
以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词,双写结尾的辅
音字母,再加-er,-est
big(大的)
hot(热的)
bigger
hotter
biggest
hottest
“以辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词,改y为i,再加-er,
-est
easy(容易的)
busy(忙的)
easier
busier
easiest
busiest
少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词末尾加-er,-est
clever(聪明的)
narrow(窄的)
cleverer
narrower
cleverest
narrowest
其他双音节词和多音节词,在前面加more,most来构成比较级和最高级
important(重要的)
easily(容易地)
moreimportant
moreeasily
mostimportant
mosteasily
2.不规则变化
原级
比较级
最高级
good(好的)well(健康的)
better
best
bad(坏的)ill(有病的)
worse
worst
old(老的)
older/elder
oldest/eldest
much/many(多的)
more
most
little(少的)
less
least
far(远的)
farther/further
farthest/furthest
Unit4What’sthebestmovietheater
句型:
1.Ithasthebiggestscreens.
2.TheDJschoosesongsthemostcarefuuly.
3.Howdoyoulikeitsofar?
到目前为止,你认为它怎么样?
4.Thanksforgettellingme.
5.CanIaskyousomequestions?
常用法:
CanIaskyousome…….
Howdoyoulike…….你认为……怎么样
Thanksfordoingsth.
Whatdoyouthinkof……..
much+形容词或副词比较级…….得多
watchsb.dosth.观看某人做某事
playaroleindoingsth.发挥做某事的作用
oneof+可数名词复数…..之一……
练习,用括号里的词的适当形式填空.
1.Wewenttothe__________(bad)restaurantintownlastnight.Themenuhadonly10dishesandtheservicewasnotgoodatall.
2.BlueMoonis______________(good),butMiler’sis_____________(good)intown.
3.TheBigScreenis_________________(expensive)thanmostcinemas,butCinemaCityis____________(expensive).
5.JohnnyDepactedthe_________________(good)inthatmovie.He’smuch____________(good)thanotheractorsatfindingthe________________(interesting)role.
阅读信息然后在下面的句子中改错.
AmovieticketatTownCinemais$12.00.Itis$10.50atScreenCity,and$10.00atMovieWorld.
ScreenCityisalwaysverycrowded.ManypeoplegotoMovieWorld,too.ButyoucanalwaysgetaticketatTownCinema.
1.MovieWorldisthemostexpensive.
2.ScreenCityhasthecheapesttickets.
3.TowncinemaismorepopularthanScreenCity.
4.MovieWorldisthemostpopular.
5.
Unit5Doyouwanttoagameshow?
句型:
----Whatdoyouthinkoftalkshows?
----Idon’tmindthem.
IhopetobeaTVreporteroneday.
Howaboutyou?
常用法:
letsb.dosth.plantodosth.
hopetodosth.happentodosth.
expecttodosth.Howaboutdoing……
bereadytodosth.tryone’sbesttodosth.
知识点:
1、theother,theothers,other,others,another辨析
theother表示特指两个或者两部份中的另一个或另一部分,可直接单数名词或复数名词.表示两个中的一个……另一个……时,常用one…theother….例:
Hehastwobrothers,oneisateacher,theotherisadoctor.
Therearefortystudentsinourclass.twenty-onearegirls,theothernineteenareboys.
theothers特指某一范围内的其他的(人或物),是theother的复数形式,相当于theother+复数名词.theother+复数名词=anyother+名词单数.例:
Youtwostayhere,theothersgowithme.
I’mdifferentfromJeffbecauseI’mlouderthantheotherkids(anyotherkid)inmyclass.
other作代词或形容词,可修饰可数名词单数或复数.例:
WelearnChinese,Maths,Englishandothersubjects.
others作代词,泛指“其他的人或物”.例:
Somestudentsaredoinghomework,othersaretalkingloudly.
another泛指同类事物中的三者或三者以上的“另一个”,只能代替或修饰单数可数名词.例:
Idon’tlikethisone.Pleaseshowmeanotherone.
2.findout查明,弄清楚,find找到
PleasefindoutwhenMrsGreenwillgotoBeijing.
3、goon发生,与takeplace同义
Iwonderwhatwasgoingon.
4、happenv.发生,一般指偶然发生,主语为事,不能为人.
Sth+happenstosb.Atrafficaccidenthappenedtohiselderbrotheryesterday.
Sth+happens+地点/时间,意为:
某地/某时发生了某事
AnaccidenthappenedonParkStreet.
happenv,表示“碰巧”,主语可以是人,后常跟动词不定式to,表示“碰巧……”.
Sb+happenstodosth.
Ihappenedtoseemyuncleonthestreet.
*takeplace意为“发生,举行,举办”,一般指非偶然性事件的“发生”,即这种事件的发生一定有某种原因或事先的安排.例:
GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChina.
ThemeetingwilltakeplacenextFriday.
5、expectv.期待,盼望,预期,后常接四种结构:
1)expect+名词/代词,期待某事/某人,预计……可能发生.
I’mexpectingLiLin’sletter.
2)expecttodosth.预计做某事
3)expectsb.todosth.
4)expect+从句预计……
IexpectedthatI’
6、seriousa.严肃的,认真的.Heisaseriousman.
beseriousaboutsb/sth.对某人/某事当真
PeterisseriousaboutJenny.Hewantstogetmarriedtoher.
beseriousaboutdoingsth.对某事当真____He’sseriousaboutsellinghishouse.
根据你的实际观点回答问题.
1.Whatdoyouthinkofgameshows?
2.
3.Doyouplantowatchasportsshowtonight?
4.Whatcanyouexpecttolearnfromthenews?
编对话.
A:
WhatdoyouplantowatchonTVtonight?
B:
Ihopeto______________,butIalsowantto_______________.Howaboutyou?
Doyou_________________atalkshowor______________?
A:
Oh,Iwantto___________________.
用所给词语造句,使对话通顺.
A:
_______________________________________(what/thinkof/soapoperas)
B:
_______________________________________(can’tstand)
A:
________________________________________(whatshow/wanttowatch/tonight)
B:
________________________________________(talentshow)
A:
________________________________________(whatexpecttolearn/gameshow)
B:
________________________________________(interestinginformation?
)
A:
_________________________________________(what/hopetowatch/tomorrow)
B:
_________________________________________(news)
Unit6I’
短语用法:
wanttodosth.begoingto+动词原形
practicedoingsth.keepondoingsth.
learntodosth.finishdoingsth
promisetodosth.helpsb.todosth.
reme