英语论文.docx

英语论文.docx

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英语论文

Contents

摘要i

Abstractii

Ⅰ.Introduction1

Ⅱ.TheoryofAdaptation2

Ⅲ.TheApplicationoftheAdaptationTheorytotheTranslationofEnglishMovieTitles4

3.1TheApplicationofStructuralObjectsofAdaptability4

3.1.1AdaptationtoEnglishMovieTitles’Pronunciation5

3.1.2AdaptationtoFour-characterIdioms5

3.2TheApplicationofContextualCorrelatesofAdaptability6

3.2.1AdaptationtoCulture6

3.2.2.AdaptationtoBusiness7

3.2.3AdaptationtoAudience8

Ⅳ.TheSignificanceofAdaptationTheory10

Ⅴ.Conclusion12

Bibliography13

摘要

随着中国全球化进程的加速，中外文化交流频繁、密切。

作为外国文化重要载体之一的英文电影日益为国人所青睐。

电影片名的翻译是一项重要的并极具创造性的任务，一个翻译成功的电影片名不仅能够得到观众的欢心，而且在两个文化交流上发挥着重要作用。

因此，片名的翻译日益受到人们的关注，它的作用和重要性不容忽视。

英文电影片名的翻译不仅仅是一种特殊的文本翻译,更是一种文化翻译。

本文从语用学的角度，以Verschueren的语用顺应理论为基础，从对语言的顺应，对文化的顺应，对观众的顺应和商业的顺应四个方面探讨顺应理论在英文电影片名翻译中的应用。

提出电影片名翻译只有适当地利用顺应理论进行不同文化的审美对接，才能对英文电影片名进行正确地汉译，从而更好地实现电影的真正价值。

关键词：

英语电影名；翻译；顺应论；文化

Abstract

TheChineseandforeignculturalexchangebecomesfrequentandclosedaybydaywiththeaccelerationofglobalization.Englishmovie,asanimportantcarrierofforeigncountryculture,ispaidincreasingattentionbyChinesepeople.Asuccessfultranslatedmovietitleisnotonlyabletoobtainaudience’sfavorbutplaysacriticalroleintheculturalexchangeofbothsides.

Englishmovietitlestranslationismorethanakindofspecialtexttranslationbutisaculturaltranslation.FromtheperspectiveofpragmaticsandbasedonVerschueren’stheoryofadaptation,thisarticlediscussestheapplicationoftheadaptationtheorytoEnglishmovietitlestranslationfromthefollowingtwobasicaspects:

thestructuralobjectsofadaptabilityandthecontextualcorrelatesofadaptability,whichareembodiedintheareasoflanguagestructure,culture,businessandaudiences.Italsoproposesthatonlyusethetheoryproperlytoamalgamateandconnectdifferentcultures,cantranslatemovietitlescorrectlyandrealizethetruevalueofthemovie.

Keywords:

Englishmovietitle;translation;adaptationtheory;culture

TheApplicationoftheAdaptationtotheTranslationofEnglishMovieTitles

Ⅰ.Introduction

Themovieisanartisticfigureforalltastesandithasbeenaculturalbridgeamongnations.Inmostmovies,thetitlesfirstlydrawtheaudience'sattention.Thetitle,likethetrademarkofaproduction,isonlymadeupofafewwords,butitcontainsasmuchinformationaspossible.Especially,thetranslationsofforeignmovietitlesplayacrucialroleinhelpingpeopleunderstandmoviesandforeignculture.Themovie,asacommercialculture,isasortofculturalconsumptiongoods.Thefirstthingthattheconsumer（theaudience）touchesisthemovietitle.Thus,howtotranslatethetitlescommendablyandpromoteculturalexchangeisanimportantissuethatisworthexploring.

Itdoesn’texistatranslationstandard,that’swhythetranslatorsalwaysgivemistranslation.

Forexample,theAmericanfilmAmericanBeautyistranslatedinto《美国丽人》,butitisamistranslation.IntheUSA,AmericanBeautyreferstoakindofredrosewhichcanbloomawholeyear.Inthemovie,thiskindofroseappearedalotoftimes.Itisasymboloftheimpulse,desireandconfusionthatthemiddle-agedmanhave.DuetothelackoftheunderstandingofAmericanculture,thetranslatorhastotranslateitaccordingtotheliteralmeaning.Sotheaudiencewillfindthecontentofthemovieisnotcompatiblewiththetitle.AnotherexampleisFirstBlood.IttoldastoryaboutaretiredsoldiernamedRambofromtheUSSpecialForces.Thesergeantofthetowntreatedhimharshlyandalwayscensuredhimwithoutanyreason.Ramboresistedafteralong-termtoleration.Hefinallydefeatstheevilforcesuccessfully.AndinEnglishidioms,firstbloodmeansthatwinintheveryfirstbattle（首战告捷）.Thetranslation《第一滴血》isobviousamistranslation.

Afterunderstandingthecontentofthemoviecorrectlyandtheculturalconnotationcontains;inthetitle,thetranslationprocessalsoneedstofollowcertaintheorybasisandtranslationmethod,otherwise,mistranslationortranslatingthetitleonlydependingonone'sownsubjectiveconsciousnesswillleadtoaconfusion.

Translationisaprocessofchoice.Butwhatstandardsshouldwebaseonwithsomanypossibilities?

AccordingtoVerschueren'stheoryofadaptation,thepurposeofmakingchoicesistomakecommunicationgosmoothly.Translationhasdirectconnectionwithcommunication.Translationisacross-languageandcross-culturalcommunicationactivities.Thetranslationofthemovietitleneedsobeytheadaptationoflanguageandculture.Itoughttosatisfytherequirementsoftheaudiencewiththeprogressofera.Therefore,thetitle'stranslationisnotcopythecontentandthestyleoftheoriginaltitle,buttodealwithitflexibly.Verschuerenexplainedthetheoryofadaptationformfouraspect:

context,languagestructure,dynamicsandsalience.Histheoryprovidesusagoodtheorybasis.Choosingpropertranslationmethodsbasesonthisstandarddecreasesthepossibilityofmisstranslationandmakesthetranslatortranslatethetitlecorrectlyandvividly.Toacertainextent,itmakesagreatcontributiontotheboxofficeresults.Italsohasagreatsignificancetothetranslationpractice.

Ⅱ.TheoryofAdaptation

JeffVerchueren,theSecretaryGeneraloftheInternationalPragmaticsAssociationinBelgium,thoughtthat“usinglanguagemustconsistofthecontinuousmakingoflinguisticchoices,consciouslyorunconsciously,forlanguage-internalorlanguage-externalreasons”（55）.Andthereasonwhylanguageuserscanmakerightchoicesintheprocessofusinglanguageisthatallthelanguagehasvariability,negotiabilityandadaptability.

Variabilityisthepropertyoflanguagewhichdefinestherangeof

Possibilitiesfromwhichchoicescanbemade.Negotiabilityisthe

propertyoflanguageresponsibleforthefactthatchoicesarenot

mademechanicallyoraccordingtostrictrulesorfixed

form-functionrelationships,butratheronthebasisofhighly

flexibleprinciplesandstrategies.Adaptabilityisthepropertyof

languagewhichenableshumanbeingstomakenegotiablelinguistic

choicesfromavariablerangeofpossibilitiesinsuchawayasto

approachpointsofsatisfactionforcommunicationneeds（Ibid,59—61）.

Accordingthesethreecharacteristics,Verschuerenproposedthetheoryofadaptation.Andashethoughtthattherearefouraspectsshouldbeconsideredifwewanttomakeanadequatepragmaticperspectiveonanygivenlinguisticphenomenon:

contextualcorrelatesofadaptability,structuralobjectsofadaptability,dynamicsofadaptabilityandsalienceofadaptationprocesses.Thesearealsothefouraspectsoftheadaptationtheory.

Contextualcorrelatesofadaptabilitymeansthatlinguisticchoicesshouldadapttocommunicativecontext,whichstatesthefunctionandthestatusoftherelativecontextualpartsintheprocessofadaptation.Structuralobjectsofadaptabilitymainlyfocusonthefollowingaspects:

language,code,thechoiceoflinguisticstyle,thechoiceofwordbuildingcomponents,thechoiceofutteranceanddiscourse,etc.Dynamicsofadaptabilityisadynamicintheprocesswherecontextualcorrelatesandstructureobjectsadapteachotherinthecourseoftheuseoflanguage.Salienceofadaptationprocessesmainlyrelatestocognitiveproblems.

Inmovietitlestranslation,Verschueren'stheoryofadaptationisalsoanewtheory.Butintheinfluenceisunderestimated.Accordingthestatistics,thereareaboutmorethanonethousandarticleswhichuseVerschueren'stheoryofadaptationtoanalysisthemovietitlestranslationonCNKIwhichisabout3%inthearticlesaboutmovietitlestranslation.Aftermorethan20yearsresearch,applicationanddevelopment,theuseofthetheoryhasbecomeincreasinglycommon,especiallyintranslationfieldwhereithasachievedremarkableresults.

InaccordanceofVerschueren'stheoryofadaptation,adaptingtodifferentaspectsoccursatalllevelsinlanguageuseandthroughouttheentireprocessofcommunication.CaoQunyingconsideredthat“insomedegree,translationisaprocesswherethetranslatormakeslinguisticchoicesondifferentawarenesslevelsinordertomeettheneedsofcommunication”（29）.LiYuyingandPengZhihongthoughtthat“Contextualcorrelatesofadaptabilityprovidesatheorybasisforthewordchoiceintranslationprocess”（15）.Toacertainextent,nomatterliteraltranslation,freetranslation,domesticationoralienationincarnatethetranslator'sadaptationawarenessinlanguageuse.Thetheoryofadaptationprovidesanewpatternfortranslationstudyandavoidssomeunnecessarydisputeabouttheselectionoftranslationmethods.Therefore,thetheoryofadaptationhasacloserelationshipwithtranslationstudyandoffersanewangleofviewfortranslationstudy.

Ⅲ.TheApplicationoftheAdaptationTheorytotheTranslationofEnglishMovieTitles

Accordingtotheadaptationtheorythatisintroducedabove,therearefourbasicaspectsofVerschueren'stheory.Themostwidelyusedaspectsinmovietitlestranslationarethefirsttwobasicaspects,thatisstructuralobjectsofadaptabilityandcontextualcorrelatesofadaptability.

3.1Theapplicationofstructuralobjectsofadaptability

Sincelinguisticchoice-makingoperatesonalllevelsofstructurethatshowvariabilityofanykind,pragmaticswhichfocusesonprocessesoflanguageusedoesnotneedownbasicunitofanalysis.Therefore,toinvestigateaspectsofthemeaningfulfunctioningoflanguage,theprocessesinquestionhavetobesituatedwithreferencetospecificstructuralobjectsofadaptability,including“structures”inthestrictsenseaswellasprincipl