英语论文.docx

英语论文.docx

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英语论文

CHAPTER2

LITERATUREREVIEW

2.1Introduction

EFLstudycanbetracedbackto1950s,whichistriggeredbyRobertaboutthestudyofcontrastiveanalysis.Inthispart,thestudywillreviewthestudyofpersonalityinEFLandlearningstrategiesofEFL

Thetypesofpersonalitiesarewidelystudiedbefore.Differentdimensionsaregivenbydifferentscholars.Personalitiesareclassifiedbydifferentscholarsaswell.

Therearetwotypesofpersonality:

physiologicaltypeandpsychologicaltype.PhysiologicaltypessuchasancientGreece,ancientChinafluidtemperamentclassification25classification,E.YinandYangKretschmer'sbodyclassification.PsychologicaltypessuchasCarlJungdividespeopleintotwocategoriesofextroversionandintroversion;E.Shipulankoaldividedthepersonalitytheory,economic,social,politicalandreligiousart,type6.Thesearebasedonpeople'sthoughts,feelings,feelings,willandothercharacteristicstobedivided.

Peopletendtoclassifypeopleintosimplecategoriesbyemphasizingindividualdifferences,suchasbeingclassifiedastype2,type3ortype4.Forexample,someonewhoisnotintrovertedextrovert,notbelongingtothetypeofweaknessorpyknictyperobustetc..Thisclassificationiscalledthegermlinetype,whichisdiscrete,discontinuous,andscale-free.Infact,thisattributionisnotappropriate,itonlyshowsqualitativedifference,butnoamountofdifference.Thenumberofintroversion/extroversionistheidealdistributionofShuangfengcurve,butthenumberofactualdistributionisamongthemosttypeofextremeintrovertsandextrovertsareveryfew.Thetraitofpersonality（personalitydimension）doesnotusesinglebehavioralcharacteristicstodescribepersonality,butusesmultiplepersonalitytraitstoexpresspeople'sdifferences.Everyonehasacertaintrait,buteachpersonhasdifferentdegrees.Inthedimensionoftrait,accordingtothequantity,eachpersonoccupiesacertainposition,whilethedistributionofthewholesampleisanormalcurve,thisclassificationiscalledcontinuoustype.

2.2ClassificationofPersonalities

2.2.1Cattell’s16PersonalityFactors（16PF）

TherelationshipbetweenthelanguageandpersonalitiesisstudiesbyCattell,anAmericanpsychologist,well-knownfor16fundamentalpersonalitytraits,whichareregardedasthesourcetraitsthatbasicallyinfluencestheformingofhumanpersonalities.Inhistheory,languageprovidestheinformationtopersonality.Themorespecificaqualityiselaboratedbyalanguage,themoreoverwhelmingthequalityistopersonality.Language,thus,canbeemployedtonamethetraitsoflanguages.16personalitytraitsarenarrowedfrom171traitsbylargeanalysisofwordsandbehavioraldata.Thelistsarepresentasthefollowing:

ReservedVS．warm

ConcretereasoningVS．abstractreasoning

ReactiveVS．emotionallystable

DeferentialVS．dominant

SeriousVS．1ively

ExpedientVS．rule-conscious

ShyVS．sociallybold

UtilitarianVS．sensitive

TrustingVS．vigilant

PracticalVS．imaginative

ForthrightVS．private

Self-assuredVS．apprehensive

TraditionalVS．open-to-change

Group—orientedVS．self-reliant

ToleratesdisorderVS．perfectionist

Relaxedvs．tense．

2.2.2Eysenck'sThreePersonalityDimensions

DifferentfromtheCattell,Eysencknamesthreedimensionsforthepersonalities.Thereareextroversionandintroversion,neuroticismandstability,psychoticismandsocialization.

Thebasisforthistheoryismainlyonphysiologyandgenetics.Asabehaviorist,heattachesmoreimportancetothebehavioroflearning,thehabitoflearning.Eysenckdevelopsthetheoryonthebasisofgeneticheredity.ThenatureofthelearnersispaidmoreemphasisonthistheoryandEysenckbelievesthattemperamentisonethatisamanifestationofnature.

2.2.2.1Extroversion／Introversion

Extroversionisalwaysfeaturedasthequalitiesofbeingoutgoing,volubility,andhighinitiativeandexternalmotivationrequired.Extroverts,basedonEysenck’stheory,areinneedofexternalofexternalmotivationtostimulatethelearnerstoachieveagoodperformance.Ontheotherhand,introverts,justneedtheinternalpeaceandquietnesstoachieveagoodperformance.Theemotionsincludebeingsociable,dominant,expressive,andactiveandsoon.

2.2.2.2Neuroticism/Stability

Neuroticismisfeaturedasonegroupwhichiseasilyinfluencedbynegativeemotionssuchasanxietyandlowmood,ordepression,inotherwords.BasedonEysenck’stheory,neuroticismiscausedbyvisceralbrain,whichtheactivatedbynegativeemotions.Incontrast,stabilityislessaffectedbynegativeemotionandmorestableinlearning.Theemotionsrefertobeinganxious,depressed,tenseandobsessiveinlearning.

2.2.2.3Psychoticism/Socialization

Psychoticismreferstoatemperamentwhichtendstomeanbeingaggressiveinlearning.InEysenck’stheory,psych