大学英语四级真题答案与解析.docx
《大学英语四级真题答案与解析.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《大学英语四级真题答案与解析.docx(27页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
大学英语四级真题答案与解析
2012年12月大学英语四级真题答案与解析
PartIWriting
参考范文:
第一种图表(即我们试题部分的图表)
EducationPays
Thebargraphdescribestheunemploymentratesin2010forsocialgroupswithdifferenteducationdegreesintheUnitedStates.AccordingtotheUSBureauofLaborStatistics,thebetteryouareeducated,themorelikelyyouaretogetemployed.Forexample,thereareonlyabout1.9%and4%ofpeoplewithdoctoraldegreeandmastersdegreerespectivelywhoareunemployed,whilepeoplewithonlyahighschooldiplomaorlesssufferamuchhigherunemploymentrate(14.9%and10.3%respectively).
Thesedataclearlyindicatethateducationpaysinthelongrunanditisaworthyinvestment.InthisITageespecially,whenknowledgeofscienceandtechnologyispower,peopleneedtobewellequippedwithknowledgeandskillsinordertobecompetitiveinjobhuntingandbebetterpaid.Ahigherdegreeisdefinitelyanadvantageinthefirstplaceinthejobmarket.
Itmustbeadded,however,ahighdegreealoneisnotenough.Itwillnotensureabetteremploymentopportunity.Inordertosucceedinthecareer,peoplemustalsodeveloppracticalskillsandtechniquesaswellasgoodcommunication,teamworkandsocialexperience.
第二种图表(这也是本次考试的另一份试卷的图表)(见图表2)
EducationPays
Asisshowninthebarchartabove,thesocialgroupswithhigherdegreearenotonlymorelikelytobeemployedinthefirstplace,buttheyarealsobetterpaidlaterintheworkplace.Thosewithdoctoralandprofessionaldegreesenjoyamuchhigherweeklymedianearning($1551and1665respectively)andsufferamuchlowerunemploymentrate(2.5%and2.4%).Ontheotherhand,thosewithlesseducationsufferaconsiderablyhigherunemploymentrateandhaveamuchlowerweeklyincome.Forexample,thereareatotalof23.5%(9.4%+14.1%)ofpeopleunemployedwithhighschooldiplomaorless,whohaveonlyamedianweeklyincomeof$545,ascomparedwiththeaverage$797.
Thesedataclearlyindicatethateducationpaysinthelongrunanditisaworthyinvestment.InthisITageespecially,whenknowledgeofscienceandtechnologyispower,peopleneedtobewellequippedwithknowledgeandskillsinordertobecompetitiveinjobhuntingandbebetterpaid.Ahigherdegreeisdefinitelyanadvantageinthefirstplaceinthejobmarketandacompetitiveedgeforworkplacepromotions.
Itmustbeadded,however,ahighdegreealoneisnotenough.Itwillnotensureabetteremploymentopportunityandhighersalary.Inordertosucceedinthecareer,peoplemustalsodeveloppracticalskillsandtechniquesaswellasgoodcommunication,teamworkandsocialexperience.
概述
四级考试主要的作文命题形式是“文示”提纲作文,但不时也考应用文(书信、演讲词等)和图表作文,图表作文曾在1991年6月(表格:
ChangesinPeoplesDiet)和2002年6月(柱状图:
StudentUseofComputers),似乎是10年考一次,但不排除今后会更频繁地考到。
图表作文包括表格作文(table)、曲线图作文(curve)、饼状图作文(pie)和柱状图作文(bar),图表作文既有图表为考生提供大量数据信息,有时又有文字提示对作文的要点和展开方向作出规定。
图表作文是一种特殊的提示作文,即通过图表提供作文的话题,写作的要点隐含在图表之中。
所以这类作文的构思过程与普通的提示作文大同小异,主要的不同是要在构思前增加一个读图(即对图表的解读)的过程。
考生必须先仔细研读图表,使图表中的数据、曲线、图形等成为与短文标题相关并能为我所用的有意义的信息。
任何图表都含有表层信息和深层含义。
考生读图时务必要把握这两方面的内容,仅对图表表层信息作一简单描述不是这类作文的命题目的。
这类作文主要考的是考生对图表深层次信息(原因、根源、发展可能等)的挖掘和阐述。
实践中,不论图表以何种方式出现,这类作文都可以采用下列统一的标准提纲:
第一段图表描述。
概要描述图表所揭示的某种社会现象的变化发展情况,注意尽可能少地直接引用图表数据,要将图表数据进行分析,归纳后进行概括性综述;
第二段原因或根源。
阐述导致该社会现象或发展变化的深层次原因;
第三段结论或评述。
对该社会现象发展变化进行理性预测或利弊评述,也可阐述本人的看法或观点。
根据图表内容和写作指令的要求,图表作文大致有以下二种展开模式:
PatternI揭示根源及潜在问题的图表
Title
Asindicatedbythefigures/datagiveninthepicture/graph,itisobviousthat①…fell/rose/climbedsignificantly(greatly/sharply/steadily)from(数字)in(时间)to(数字)in(时间).Itcanalsobeseenthattherewasasharp(great)rise(decline/drop)in(方面)from(数字)to(数字)(byntimes/npercent)duringthesameperiod.
Thereareseveralcausescontributingtothedevelopment(change/rise/fall)showninthegraph.Amongotherthings,②….Besides,③….Andfinally,④…
Buttherearealsosomeproblems/advantagesunderlying/behindthisdevelopment/change,and⑤…isoneofthem.Therefore,whetherthistrendisablessingoracurseinthelongrun,onlytellcantell.
①插入名词性从句的主语;概述图表中变化的某个方面;
②、③、④插入名词性从句;揭示图表变化的三个内在原因;
⑤插入名词短语;提出这种变化背后可能引起的问题。
Sample
HealthGainedinDevelopingCountries(见图表三)
Asindicatedbythedatagiveninthegraph,itisobviousthatlifeexpectancyindevelopingcountrieshasclimbedfromabout40yearsinthe1960stoaround60inthe1990s,increasingby20yearswithin3decades.Itcanalsobeseen,asasharpcontrast,thattherewasasharpdropininfantmortality,by15%,from250deathsper1000birthstoabout100deathsper1000duringthesameperiod.
Thereareseveralcausescontributingtothedevelopmentshowninthegraph.Amongotherthings,therapidadvanceinmedicalsciencehasmadeitpossibletocurealotoforiginallyincurablediseasesandsavethelifeofmillionsofnewbornswhomightwellhavebeenchokedorkilledbeforetheirbirth.Besides,thegeneralimprovementofordinarypeopleslivingstandardarousedtheirinterestinhealthyfoodsandhealthyactivities.Theyarefeedingonabalanceddietanddoingalotofphysicalexercises.Andfinally,therapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnologyatlargehavewipedoutfamineandminimizedthedamagescausedbyfloods,earthquakesandothernaturaldisasterswheremothersandchildrensuffermost.
Buttherearealsosomeproblemsunderlyingthischange,andpopulationexplosionisoneofthem.Therefore,whetherthistrendisablessingoracurseinthelongrun,onlytimecantell.
PatternII
揭示发展根源及积极趋势的图表
Title
Accordingtothetable(curvegraph/barchart/piechart),wecanseethatabout(数字/npercentof…)①…in(时间),comparedwithnearly(数字)nyearsagoandthisfigureincreasestonpercentduringaperiodofnyears.Itcanbeexpectedthat②…is/aregoingto③…intheyearstocome.Whydo④…/Whathasbroughtaboutthe⑤…?
Therearemanyreasons/factors,Ithink,thatunderliethechange/rise/development.Theprimaryreason/factoris,clearly,⑥….Besides,⑦….Andathirdreasonisprobablythat⑧….
Obviously,withthedevelopmentof⑨…(andwithmoreandmore⑩…),Ibelievethat….SoIamsurethat…inthelongrun.
①插入that从句中的主语和谓语;其中主语前有数字修饰语;
②、③插入that从句中的主语和谓语动词;陈述图表揭示的变化趋势;
④这是一句why问句,引出下文对变化原因的探讨;
⑤插入名词短语;通常为change,development等表示变化的词;
⑥插入名词短语或that从句;提出第一个原因;
⑦插入完整句子,以小写开始,提出第二个原因;
⑧插入that从句,提出第三个原因;
⑨插入名词短语,概括图表涉及的现象;
⑩插入作with宾语的复合结构,可省略;
插入名词性句子,提出自己观点,评论这一变化的利弊;
插入名词性句子,进一步肯定自己的观点并判断未来发展趋势。
CollegesOpenTheirDoorsWider(见图表四)
Accordingtothebarchart,wecanseethatabout3.4millionhighschoolgraduatesentereduniversityin2000,comparedwithnearly1.5million2yearsagoandthisfigureincreasesto227percentduringaperiodof2years.ItcanbeexpectedthatChineseuniversitiesaregoingtoenrollmorestudentsintheyearstocome.Whathasbroughtaboutthequickexpansion?
Therearemanyfactors,Ithink,thatunderliethedevelopment.Theprimaryoneis,clearly,adirectresponsetotheincreasingdemandforhighqualityskilledworkerstofurtherdevelopthecountryseconomy.Besides,expansionofcollegeenrollmentwillenlargethedomesticdemandandstimulateeconomicdevelopmentthrougheducationconsumption.AndathirdreasonisprobablythattheChinesejobmarketcannotabsorbthebigarmyofhighschoolgraduates.
Obviously,withthedevelopmentofhighereducationandwithmoreandmorepeoplegraduatedfromcolleges,Ibelievethatthenationaleducationwillreachanew,higherlevelandourcountrywillbecomemorepowerfulandprosperousintheworld.SoIamsurethattheriseincollegeenrollmentwilldousmoregoodthanharminthelongrun.
PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)
篇章层次分析:
这是一篇评述英年早逝的著名IT创始人SteveJobs的说明文。
短文把Jobs喻作魔术大师来阐述他一生在苹果电脑领域的建树。
全文共9个自然段。
除大标题外短文还附一小标题以明示本文不是介绍一般魔术师的文章。
第一段解题,把产品推介会上的Jobs直接比作魔术师,第二段从世界对他突然离世的反应回顾他一生的三大成就;接下来三段分别对这三大成就进行展开:
第三段阐述他作为技术大师的与众不同;第四段分析他作为领袖人物的天赋;第五段介绍他最突出的第三大成就:
如何培育消费者对其产品的忠诚迷恋;第六段由上述四段进一步展开,谈论Jobs对创新这一理念和过程的逆转性影响;第七段剖析他作为“控制怪人”背后的初衷:
使他的电脑最大限度的变得userfriendly;第八段暗示他的去世对苹果公司乃至整个IT领域的损失;最后一段借一位工程师的评述对Jobs作出结论性评述——他创造了一个自己的真实世界并真的做到了“青史留名”。
前面7道选择题分布在前面六段;填空题8~10题集中在7~9三段。
1[解析]B)showmanship.本题明确问及第一段,题干之nobodycouldmatch...指向第一句,答案见该句whenitcomestoputtingonashow,...,再结合下文对他在productlaunches上的评述:
performancesofamastershowman,不难确定答案。
2[解析]C)Hestartedtheeraofpersonaltechnology.题干之mostdeeplyaffectedpeopleswayoflife指向第二段倒数第二句,答案见该段最后一句。
3[解析]B)Hiskeeninterestindesigningelegantanduserfriendlygadgets.题干之MrJobs’greatstrength指向第三段第一句;答案见第二句:
...hewaskeenlyinterestedinproductdesignandaesthetics,andinmakingadvancedtechnologysimpletouse。
4[解析]A)oneofthegreatestchiefexecutivesofhistime.题干之corporategiants指向第四段第一句,其中beinghailed...as...相当于题干的saw...as,答案就是该句最后as引导的短语。
5[解析]D)aninspiration.题干之sufferedfailure相当于第六句中的fallfromgrace和takeaturnfortheworse.答案即在句中。
6[解析]B)Hesetuppersonallinkswithmanyofhiscustomers.题干之astonishing指向短文第五段第一句,注意不能因句中有absoluteloyalty就选C)HecommandedabsoluteloyaltyfromAppleusers.这种loyalty不是他向用户“强求”的,而是他通过自己的人性化产品和他和用户建立的personallink激发的。
7[解析]D)Itoriginatesintheconsumermarket.根据题干之thisissuesspecialreportaboutinnovationnowadays,确定答案在第六段,理解该段可知如今的创新源于千家万户,是consumergadgets,onlineservices,consumerproducts,inhouseversionsofFacebook...
8[解析]closedandinflexible由题干之“criticscomplained”和“userfriendlinessofAppleproducts”可知答案在短文第七段第一句。
9[解析]combined题干之“Amazon“和“didthebestjobinfollowingAppleslead”指向第八段倒数第三句,由“hardware,software,contentandservice...inaneasytousebundle”可知本题是采用havesth.done这一句式对该句的改写。
10[解析]creatingarealityofhisown或puttingadingintheuniverse题干之“channellingthemagicofcomputingintoproducts”出现在最后一段倒数第二句,答案可以是该句中的createdarealityofhisown,也可以是最后一