大学英语四级真题答案与解析.docx

1、大学英语四级真题答案与解析2012年12月大学英语四级真题答案与解析Part I Writing参考范文： 第一种图表（即我们试题部分的图表）Education Pays The bar graph describes the unemployment rates in 2010 for social groups with different education degrees in theUnited States. According to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics， the better you are educated， the more l

2、ikely you are to get employed. For example， there are only about 1.9% and 4% of people with doctoral degree and masters degree respectively who are unemployed， while people with only a high school diploma or less suffer a much higher unemployment rate （14.9% and 10.3% respectively）. These data clear

3、ly indicate that education pays in the long run and it is a worthy investment. In this IT age especially， when knowledge of science and technology is power， people need to be well equipped with knowledge and skills in order to be competitive in job hunting and be better paid. A higher degree is defi

4、nitely an advantage in the first place in the job market.It must be added， however， a high degree alone is not enough. It will not ensure a better employment opportunity. In order to succeed in the career， people must also develop practical skills and techniques as well as good communication， teamwo

5、rk and social experience.第二种图表（这也是本次考试的另一份试卷的图表）（见图表2）Education Pays As is shown in the bar chart above， the social groups with higher degree are not only more likely to be employed in the first place， but they are also better paid later in the workplace. Those with doctoral and professional degrees

6、 enjoy a much higher weekly median earning （$1551 and 1665 respectively） and suffer a much lower unemployment rate （2.5% and 2.4%）. On the other hand， those with less education suffer a considerably higher unemployment rate and have a much lower weekly income. For example， there are a total of 23.5%

7、 （9.4%+14.1%） of people unemployed with high school diploma or less， who have only a median weekly income of $545， as compared with the average $797. These data clearly indicate that education pays in the long run and it is a worthy investment. In this IT age especially， when knowledge of science an

8、d technology is power， people need to be well equipped with knowledge and skills in order to be competitive in job hunting and be better paid. A higher degree is definitely an advantage in the first place in the job market and a competitive edge for workplace promotions. It must be added， however， a

9、 high degree alone is not enough. It will not ensure a better employment opportunity and higher salary. In order to succeed in the career， people must also develop practical skills and techniques as well as good communication， teamwork and social experience.概述四级考试主要的作文命题形式是“文示”提纲作文，但不时也考应用文（书信、演讲词等）

10、和图表作文，图表作文曾在1991年6月（表格： Changes in Peoples Diet）和2002年6月（柱状图： Student Use of Computers），似乎是10年考一次， 但不排除今后会更频繁地考到。图表作文包括表格作文（table）、曲线图作文（curve）、饼状图作文（pie）和柱状图作文（bar）， 图表作文既有图表为考生提供大量数据信息，有时又有文字提示对作文的要点和展开方向作出规定。图表作文是一种特殊的提示作文，即通过图表提供作文的话题，写作的要点隐含在图表之中。所以这类作文的构思过程与普通的提示作文大同小异，主要的不同是要在构思前增加一个读图（即对图表的解

11、读）的过程。考生必须先仔细研读图表，使图表中的数据、曲线 、图形等成为与短文标题相关并能为我所用的有意义的信息。任何图表都含有表层信息和深层含义。考生读图时务必要把握这两方面的内容，仅对图表表层信息作一简单描述不是这类作文的命题目的。这类作文主要考的是考生对图表深层次信息（原因、根源、发展可能等）的挖掘和阐述。实践中，不论图表以何种方式出现，这类作文都可以采用下列统一的标准提纲： 第一段 图表描述。概要描述图表所揭示的某种社会现象的变化发展情况，注意尽可能少地直接引用图表数据，要将图表数据进行分析，归纳后进行概括性综述； 第二段 原因或根源。阐述导致该社会现象或发展变化的深层次原因； 第三段

12、结论或评述。对该社会现象发展变化进行理性预测或利弊评述，也可阐述本人的看法或观点。根据图表内容和写作指令的要求，图表作文大致有以下二种展开模式： Pattern I揭示根源及潜在问题的图表Title As indicated by the figures/data given in the picture/graph， it is obvious that fell/rose/climbed significantly （greatly/sharply/steadily） from （数字）in （时间）to （数字）in （时间）. It can also be seen that ther

13、e was a sharp （great） rise （decline/drop） in（方面） from （数字）to （数字）（by n times/ n percent） during the same period. There are several causes contributing to the development （change/rise/fall） shown in the graph. Among other things， . Besides， . And finally， But there are also some problems/advantages u

14、nderlying/behind this development/ change， and is one of them. Therefore， whether this trend is a blessing or a curse in the long run， only tell can tell. 插入名词性从句的主语；概述图表中变化的某个方面；、 插入名词性从句；揭示图表变化的三个内在原因； 插入名词短语；提出这种变化背后可能引起的问题。SampleHealth Gained in Developing Countries（见图表三） As indicated by the dat

15、a given in the graph， it is obvious that life expectancy in developing countries has climbed from about 40 years in the 1960s to around 60 in the 1990s， increasing by 20 years within 3 decades. It can also be seen， as a sharp contrast， that there was a sharp drop in infant mortality， by 15%， from 25

16、0 deaths per 1000 births to about 100 deaths per 1000 during the same period. There are several causes contributing to the development shown in the graph. Among other things， the rapid advance in medical science has made it possible to cure a lot of originally incurable diseases and save the life of

17、 millions of newborns who might well have been choked or killed before their birth. Besides， the general improvement of ordinary peoples living standard aroused their interest in healthy foods and healthy activities. They are feeding on a balanced diet and doing a lot of physical exercises. And fina

18、lly， the rapid development of science and technology at large have wiped out famine and minimized the damages caused by floods， earthquakes and other natural disasters where mothers and children suffer most. But there are also some problems underlying this change， andpopulation explosion is one of t

19、hem. Therefore， whether this trend is a blessing or a curse in the long run， only time can tell.Pattern II揭示发展根源及积极趋势的图表Title According to the table （curve graph / bar chart / pie chart）， we can see that about（数字/ n percent of）in （时间）， compared with nearly（数字）n years ago and this figure increases to

20、 n percent during a period of n years. It can be expected that is/are going to in the years to come. Why do / What has brought about the ? There are many reasons/factors， I think， that underlie the change/ rise/ development. The primary reason/factor is， clearly，. Besides， . And a third reason is pr

21、obably that . Obviously， with the development of （and with more and more ）， I believe that . So I am sure that in the long run. 插入that从句中的主语和谓语；其中主语前有数字修饰语；、 插入that从句中的主语和谓语动词；陈述图表揭示的变化趋势； 这是一句why 问句，引出下文对变化原因的探讨； 插入名词短语；通常为change，development等表示变化的词； 插入名词短语或that从句；提出第一个原因； 插入完整句子，以小写开始，提出第二个原因； 插入th

22、at从句，提出第三个原因； 插入名词短语，概括图表涉及的现象； 插入作with宾语的复合结构，可省略； 插入名词性句子，提出自己观点，评论这一变化的利弊； 插入名词性句子，进一步肯定自己的观点并判断未来发展趋势。Colleges Open Their Doors Wider（见图表四） According to the bar chart， we can see that about 3.4 million high school graduates entered university in 2000， compared with nearly 1.5 million 2 years ago

23、 and this figure increases to 227 percent during a period of 2 years. It can be expected that Chinese universities are going to enroll more students in the years to come. What has brought about the quick expansion? There are many factors， I think， that underlie the development. The primary one is， c

24、learly，a direct response to the increasing demand for highquality skilled workers to further develop the countrys economy. Besides， expansion of college enrollment will enlarge the domestic demand and stimulate economic development through education consumption. And a third reason is probably that t

25、he Chinese job market cannot absorb the big army of high school graduates. Obviously， with the development ofhigher education and with more and more people graduated from colleges， I believe that the national education will reach a new， higher level and our country will become more powerful and pros

26、perous in the world. So I am sure that the rise in college enrollment will do us more good than harm in the long run.Part II Reading Comprehension （Skimming and Scanning）篇章层次分析： 这是一篇评述英年早逝的著名IT创始人Steve Jobs的说明文。短文把Jobs 喻作魔术大师来阐述他一生在苹果电脑领域的建树。全文共9个自然段。除大标题外短文还附一小标题以明示本文不是介绍一般魔术师的文章。第一段解题，把产品推介会上的Jobs

27、直接比作魔术师，第二段从世界对他突然离世的反应回顾他一生的三大成就；接下来三段分别对这三大成就进行展开： 第三段阐述他作为技术大师的与众不同；第四段分析他作为领袖人物的天赋；第五段介绍他最突出的第三大成就： 如何培育消费者对其产品的忠诚迷恋；第六段由上述四段进一步展开，谈论Jobs对创新这一理念和过程的逆转性影响；第七段剖析他作为“控制怪人”背后的初衷： 使他的电脑最大限度的变得userfriendly；第八段暗示他的去世对苹果公司乃至整个IT领域的损失；最后一段借一位工程师的评述对Jobs作出结论性评述他创造了一个自己的真实世界并真的做到了“青史留名”。前面7道选择题分布在前面六段；填空题8

28、10题集中在79三段。1 解析B）showmanship. 本题明确问及第一段，题干之nobody could match.指向第一句，答案见该句when it comes to putting on a show，.，再结合下文对他在product launches上的评述： performances of a master showman，不难确定答案。2 解析C）He started the era of personal technology.题干之most deeply affected peoples way of life指向第二段倒数第二句，答案见该段最后一句。3 解析B）Hi

29、s keen interest in designing elegant and userfriendly gadgets. 题干之Mr Jobs great strength指向第三段第一句；答案见第二句：.he was keenly interested in product design and aesthetics， and in making advanced technology simple to use。4 解析A）one of the greatest chief executives of his time. 题干之corporate giants指向第四段第一句，其中be

30、ing hailed .as .相当于题干的saw .as，答案就是该句最后as引导的短语。5 解析D）an inspiration. 题干之suffered failure相当于第六句中的fall from grace和take a turn for the worse.答案即在句中。6 解析B）He set up personal links with many of his customers. 题干之astonishing指向短文第五段第一句，注意不能因句中有absolute loyalty就选C） He commanded absolute loyalty from Apple us

31、ers. 这种loyalty不是他向用户“强求”的，而是他通过自己的人性化产品和他和用户建立的personal link激发的。7 解析D）It originates in the consumer market. 根据题干之this issues special report about innovation nowadays，确定答案在第六段， 理解该段可知如今的创新源于千家万户，是consumer gadgets， online services， consumer products， inhouse versions of Facebook.8 解析closed and inflexi

32、ble由题干之“critics complained” 和 “userfriendliness of Apple products”可知答案在短文第七段第一句。9 解析combined题干之“Amazon“和 “did the best job in following Apples lead”指向第八段倒数第三句，由 “hardware， software， content and service .in an easytouse bundle”可知本题是采用have sth. done这一句式对该句的改写。10 解析creating a reality of his own或putting a ding in the universe题干之“channelling the magic of computing into products”出现在最后一段倒数第二句，答案可以是该句中的created a reality of his own，也可以是最后一