计算机导论考试简答题Introduction to computer test.docx

计算机导论考试简答题Introduction to computer test.docx

《计算机导论考试简答题Introduction to computer test.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《计算机导论考试简答题Introduction to computer test.docx（10页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

计算机导论考试简答题Introductiontocomputertest

计算机导论考试简答题（Introductiontocomputertest）

9、whatcomponentsdoyouneedtoassembleapersonalcomputer?

Pleasegivealistofthecomponentsforassemblingthecomputer.

Answer:

motherboards,graphicscards,networkcards,memory,harddisk,chassis,power,keyboard,mouse,CD-ROM,monitor,CPU.Graphicscardandnetworkcardareintegratedonthemotherboard,youcanalsobuyindependent,aswellasaudioequipment.

10.Forstructuredprogramminglanguages,therearethreebasicprogramstructures.Whatarethethreebasicprogramstructures,pleasegiveanexample.

Answer:

sequentialstructure,choicestructure,cyclicstructure;

1.,sequentialstructure:

fromtoptobottominordertoperform.

2.selectionstructure:

statementswithif

The3.loopstructure:

statementswithforandwhile

11.Thefileisacollectionofrelateddatastoredinmemoryonthecomputer.Whatisthefilenamingrule?

Howdoestheoperatingsystemorganizefiles?

Whataretheadvantagesofthisorganizationalapproach?

Answer:

thefilenameofafileconsistsoftwoparts:

themainfilenameandtheextension.Whenextensionsareused,numbersareseparated.

Filesinthesamefolderarenotallowedtohavethesamefilename,

Organization:

organizedocumentsatdifferentlevels

Advantages:

itwillgreatlyimprovetheefficiencyofdocumentmanagement,especiallytheefficiencyoffilesearch.

12,forthecomputersystem?

Neumannsystem,letthecomputertocompleteatask,whichcanbedividedintoseveralsteps?

Answer:

input-"storage-"control-"operation-"output,

15,whatarethemaintechnicalmeasurestoensurethesecurityofcomputersystems?

Answer:

threeaspectsoftechnicalsafety,managementsafety,legalsecurity.

Antivirustechnology,antihackertechnology,firewalltechnology,intrusiondetectiontechnology,dataencryptiontechnology,securityauthenticationtechnology

16,abriefdescriptionofthedevelopmentprocessofcomputers.

Answer:

ENIACjustafewdecadesafterbirth,thedevelopmentofcomputersbyleapsandbounds.Themainelectronicdeviceshavebeenusingvacuumtubes,transistors,mediumandsmallscaleintegratedcircuitsandlargescaleandverylargescaleintegratedcircuits,whichhaveledtoseveralupgradingofcomputers.

Thefirstgeneration（1946~1957）isacomputer,itisthebasicelectroniccomponentselectronictube,memoryusingmercurydelaylinememorymainlyusesadrum,tape,tapecards,etc.

Thesecondgeneration（1958~1970）wasatransistorcomputer.Alargenumberofmagneticmemorycoresmadeofmagneticmaterialsareusedinmemory

Thethirdgeneration（1963~1970）isanintegratedcircuitcomputer（smallscale）basicelectroniccomponentsthirdgenerationcomputercircuitsaresmallscaleintegratedcircuitandmediumscaleintegratedcircuits,thefurtherdevelopmentofcorememory,andstartwiththebetterperformanceofsemiconductormemory

Thefourthgeneration（1971~dayago）isalargescaleintegratedcircuitcomputer

Highlyintegratedsemiconductormemoryreplacesmagneticcorememory.

18,fromtheuser'spointofview,whatcomponentsshouldbeincludedinthehardwaresystemofapersonalcomputer?

Answer:

monitor,host,keymouse,thehostisinsidebyCPU,motherboard,power,memory,graphicscard（seetheusersituation,availableintegration,butalsocanbeusedalone）,CD-ROM,chassis,harddisk8parts.It'sbasic,andaudioequipment...Andsoon

19,Internetiswhatkindofnetwork,itcanprovidewhataspectsoffunctionalservices?

Whatcanyougetoutofit?

Answer:

itisaglobalnetworkofcomputersthatcommunicatewitheachotherusingpubliclanguage.

Features:

（1）emailE_mail

（2）remoteloginTelnet（3）filetransferFTP;（4）WWWservices,someofwhicharefreeofcharge,andsomeservicesarecharged.

21,abriefdescriptionofthebasiccomponentsofthecomputer,themainfunctionofeachcomponent,aswellastherelationshipbetweenthecomponents.

Answer:

motherboard:

themainbodyofaPC,themotherboardtocompletethemanagementandcoordinationofcomputersystems,supportvariousCPU,functionalcardsandthenormaloperationofthebusinterface

CPU:

thatisthecentralprocessingunit,thecoreofthewholesystem,andthehighestunitofexecutioninthewholesystem.Itisresponsiblefortheexecutionofthewholesysteminstruction,theoperationofmathematicsandlogic,thestorageandtransmissionofdata,andthecontrolofinternalandexternalinputandoutput.

Chipset:

infact,anintegratedcircuitchip,itistheinternalcomponents,functionsandmorechipsofthefootassembly

Memory:

itisoneoftheimportantcomponentsonthemotherboard.ItisthepartofdataandprogramthatstoresthedatabetweenCPUandperipheraldevice.

CD-ROM:

computerusedtoreadandwriteCDcontentofthemachine,

Disk:

ourcomputeriscurrentlythemostcommonlyusedessentialstoragetools（includingfloppydiskandharddisk）

Keyboard:

oneofthenecessarytoolsforprovidinginstructionsandinformationtoacomputer.Itisanimportantinputdeviceofthecomputersystemandconnectedtothemainboxbyacable.Thekeyboardhas101keysand104keys.

Themouseisanimportantinputdeviceofcontemporarycomputerindispensable,withthemouse（Mouse）asaninputdevice,cangreatlyfacilitatetheoperationofthesoftware,especiallyinagraphicalenvironment（suchasWindows,OS/2andotheroperatingsystemuse）.

Monitor:

alsocalledmonitor（Monitor）.Displayisoneofthemostimportantoutputdevicesofcomputer,andalsothemainchannelforpeopletocommunicatewithcomputers.

23.Describethecharacteristicsandoperationmodesofthelinearlist,stackandqueue

Answer:

alineartableisasequenceoffiniteelementsofthesametype.

Asarestrictivelineartable,thestacklimitstheinsertionanddeletionofthelineartabletoonlyoneendofthetable.Itischaracterizedbytheelementsoftheincomingqueue.

Thebasicoperationofthestack,inadditiontothestack（stacktopinsert）,outofthestack（deletetopofthestack）,aswellastheestablishmentofthestack（stackinitialization）,empty,full,andaccesstothetopelementsofthestackandotheroperations,

Aqueueisarestrictedlineartablewithelementsaddedatoneendofthetable,andthedeletionofelementsattheotherendofthetable.Thefeatureisthattheincomingqueueelementfirstgoesoutofthequeue.

25,howarecomputersoftwareclassified?

Whatisthemaincomponentofacomputersoftwaresystem?

Answer:

softwareisdividedintotwokinds,oneissystemsoftware,suchasoperatingsystemorsomeprogrammingsoftware,andtheotherisapplicationsoftware,suchasOFFICE,gameandsoon

Composition:

computersoftwareconsistsofprogramsandrelateddocuments.Aprogramisasymbolicrepresentationofaninstructionsequence,andadocumentisthetechnicaldatacreatedduringthesoftwaredevelopmentprocess.Aprogramisthebodyofasoftwarethatisusuallystoredinstoragemediasuchasfloppydisks,harddisks,andopticaldisksforuseonacomputer.Thedocumentisespeciallyimportantfortheuseandmaintenanceofsoftware,asasoftwareproductreleaseddocumentismainlymanual,whichcontainsthesoftwarefeatures,operatingenvironmentrequirements,installationmethods,operatinginstructionsanderrorinformationetc..Theoperatingenvironmentofasoftwarerequirementisrunningitshouldhaveatleasthardwareandothersoftwareconfiguration,thatistosay,inthehierarchicalstructureofthecomputersystem,itisthesoftwareofthelowerlayer（innerlayer）atleastconfiguration（includingequipmentandsoftwareversionrequirementsindicatorsofhardwarerequirements,etc.）.Computersoftwarecanbedividedintosystemsoftwareandapplicationsoftwarebyapplication.

Systemsoftwarecanbedividedinto3categories:

operatingsystemsoftware（softwarecore）,variouslanguageprocessingprogramsandvariousdatabasemanagementsystems.

Programswrittentosolvevariouscomputerproblemsarecalledapplicationsoftware.Itcanbedividedintoapplicationpackagesanduserprograms

Compositionview2:

softwaresystemsrefertoacomputersoftwaresystemconsistingofsystemsoftware,supportsoftware,andapplicationsoftware.Itisacollectionofallthesoftwareinthecomputer.Itincludesoperatingsystem,languageprocessingsystem,databasesystem,distributedsoftwaresystemandhuman-computerinteractionsystem.

Operatingsystem,astheunderlyingsoftware,isessential.Itprovidesaccess,managementandcontrolforallkindsofhardwareandsoftware.Forexample,nowpopulardesktopoperatingsystems,Windowsseries,andsoon.

Supportsoftware,alsoknownassoftwaredevelopmentenvironment,andallotherapplicationsaredevelopedintheoperatingsystemthroughsupportsoftware,suchasVB,C++andsoon.

Ofcourse,sometimessupportsoftwarealsoincludessomebasictools,suchasnetworkconnectionprograms,hardwaredrivers,andsoon.

Applicationsoftware,asdescribedearlier,isdevelopedforotherspecificapplications,suchasmusic,videoplaybacksoftware,browsersoftware,pictureeditingsoftware,andsoforth.

26,accordingtothemainelectroniclogiccomponentsusedbythecomputer,thecomputerhasgonethroughseveralstagesofdevelopment,whataretherepresentativesofeachstage?

Answer:

ENIACjustafewdecadesafterbirth,thedevelopmentofcomputersbyleapsandbounds.Themainelectronicdeviceshavebeenusingvacuumtubes,transistors,mediumandsmallscaleintegratedcircuitsandlargescaleandverylargescaleintegratedcircuits,whichhaveledtoseveralupgradingofcomputers.

Thefirstgeneration（1946~1957）isacomputer,itisthebasicelec